scholarly journals Estudio cinético de la sulfonación de ésteres metílicos derivados de la estearina de palma

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Jesús Alfonso Torres Ortega ◽  
Luis Alejandro Díaz Aldana ◽  
Francisco José Sánchez Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reaction Velocity ◽  
Other Substances

<strong><strong></strong></strong>Los ésteres metílicos como alternativa oleoquímica permiten sintetizar compuestos para la fabricación de detergentes, polímeros, recubrimientos, cosméticos, pinturas y otras sustancias. Así, la transformación del aceite de palma se establece como una cadena productiva con múltiples aplicaciones industriales. Las propiedades biológicas del éster metílico sulfonado, derivado del aceite de palma, permiten desarrollar detergentes de baja toxicidad al medio ambiente, son una fuente renovable de materia prima, y con su desarrollo se explota este recurso nacional; se generan así conocimiento y fuentes adicionales de trabajo. La sulfonación de ésteres metílicos es una reacción altamente exotérmica en la que la velocidad de reacción determina la carga térmica que debe disipar el reactor, y por tanto es trascendental para el diseño del reactor de sulfonación y su modelamiento matemático. Mediante técnicas instrumentales se estableció una expresión cinética para la velocidad de reacción. Los ensayos realizados en el laboratorio permitieron la deducción de una cinética de segundo orden para el mecanismo de reacción propuesto; esta velocidad de reacción describe adecuadamente la sulfonación con SO3 de ésteres metílicos derivados de la estearina hidrogenada de palma. Se verificó la cinética de segundo orden de la reacción global del proceso de sulfonación de ésteres metílicos con SO3. <p class="Corpoica"><strong>Kinetic study of methyl esters sulfonation derived from palm stearin </strong></p><p class="Corpoica">The methyl esters as an alternative to oil-chemical compounds, is an feedstock to manufacture of detergents, polymers, coatings, cosmetics, paints and other substances, establishing them the palm oil transformation like a productive chain with multiple applications at the industry level. Biological properties of biodiesel (methyl ester) sulfonated allow to develop low toxicity detergents to the environment, they are a renewable source of raw material, and with its development it is possible to take advantage of a national sources of knowledge and employment. Methyl esters sulfonation is a reaction highly exothermic, where reaction velocity determines the charge of heat, which should be dissipated by reactor. Therefore, it is important for sulfonation reactor design and its mathematical modelling. In this investigation, a kinetic study for methyl ester from palm oil stearin with sulfur trioxide SO3 sulfonation is presented, whereby with experimental techniques, it was possible to obtain a kinetic expression for reaction velocity. Tests in the laboratory allowed the deduction of a second-order kinetics for the reaction mechanism proposed, the reaction rate described adequately with SO3 sulfonation of methyl esters derived from hydrogenated palm stearin. It was observed second order kinetics of the reaction for the overall process of sulfonation with SO3 methyl esters. </p>

Perbandingan Karakteristik Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat sebagai Bahan Emulsifier

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Eldha Sampepana ◽  
Paluphy Eka Yustini ◽  
Aditya Rinaldi ◽  
Amiroh Amiroh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Enzymatic Method

Surfactant which is used as raw emulsifier in an industry activity such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfonate is a raw material import, it is petroleum derivative which is not renewable and may cause pollution to the environment, because it is not degraded and are carcinogenic. The purpose of the research is to compare the characteristics of the Quaternary methyl ester sulfonat (MES) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfonat (SLS) as emulsifier. First, make the MES by filtering and eliminating fatty acids of palm oil, then process the MES with enzymatic method become methyl ester, then react it in sulfonation and metanolization process, and also neutralized with NaOH. Next, the MES experiment is compared with SLS and existing MES in the market. The results show that surfactants MES experiment has value hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) interfacial tension and emulsion stability greater than MES in the market and SLS. And the surface tension of MES experiment is larger than MES in the market, but smaller compared to SLS.ABSTRAKSurfaktan yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku emulsifer dalam aktivitas suatu industri pada saat ini seperti Sodium Lauril Sulfonat  merupakan bahan baku import yang merupakan turunan dari minyak bumi, dengan sifat tidak dapat diperbaharui dan dapat menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan karena tidak mudah terdegradasi serta bersifat karsinogenik. Metil ester sulfonat dari bahan minyak sawit merupakan surfaktan dengan sifat mudah terdegradasi yang perlu diketahui karakteristiknya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik surfaktan metil ester sulfonat (MES) dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat (SLS) sebagai bahan emulsifier. Mula-mula dilakukan pembuatan MES dengan cara menyaring dan menghilangkan asam lemak minyak sawit terlebih dahulu, kemudian diolah menjadi metil ester secara enzimatis, lalu direaksikan secara sulfonasi dan metanolisis, serta dinetralkan dengan NaOH. Selanjutnya MES hasil percobaan dibandingkan dengan SLS dan MES yang ada dipasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan MES memiliki nilai hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) tegangan antar muka dan stabilitas emulsi lebih besar apabila dibandingkan dengan MES di pasaran dan SLS, kecuali nilai stabilitas emulsi antara MES dan SLS sama. Dan tegangan permukaan MES hasil percobaan, lebih besar dibandingkan dengan MES dipasaran, dan lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan SLS. Kata kunci :   Metil  ester sulfonat, hidrofil lipofil balance, emulsifier, sodium lauril sulfonat , stabilitas emulsi 

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Ampas Tahu Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Biodiesel

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Trisnawati Trisnawati ◽  
Daud K. Walanda ◽  
Irwan Said
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Biodiesel Quality ◽  
Pre Treatment

Biodiesel is an alternative raw material for fuel of diesel motor made from vegetable oil. This study attempted to utilize tofu dregs as raw material for biodiesel. This study aimed to determine the yield of biodiesel produced and the content of methyl esters in the biodiesel yield, and to analyze the quality of biodiesel produced based on Indonesian national standard (SNI). This study consisted of four stages: the provision of samples, pre-treatment, esterification and transesterification, and analysis of the quality of biodiesel produced which include the density at 15 °C, the viscosity at 40 °C, and the moisture content. The results showed that the yield of biodiesel was 4.01%, and the content of methyl ester shown by larger Rf (0.87) using eluent of hexane:diethylether:formic acid. Results of the analysis of biodiesel quality obtained the density at 15°C was 864 kg/m3, the viscosity at 40 °C was 2.57 mm2/s, and the water content was 4%. Based on the parameters ofthe density at 15 °C and the viscosity at 40 °C, the product of biodiesel met the requirements of SNI, while in term of the water content the product did not meet the requirements of SNI.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN BAHAN BAKAR CAMPURAN BIODIESEL, DIESEL, ETANOL DAN AIR DALAM EMULSI STABIL

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Meiga Paendong ◽  
Hanny F. Sangian ◽  
Maria D. Bobanto
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Measuring Flask ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Stable Emulsion ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
Three Components

ABSTRACT             The purpose of this research is to prepare a blended fuel of biodiesel, diesel and ethanol in stable emulsion. Biodiesel which is mixed with diesel and ethanol in certain compositions was conducted manually. The first step was to prepare ethanol from fermented palm sap and then the ethanol and water were distililed using a reflux separator. The ethanol obtained was with purity 94-96%, while 97% ethanol was produced by lime absorbsion. The next step was the mixing process between ethanol, biodiesel and ethanol, biodiesel, and diesel. Ethanol was poured into a measuring flask with a volume of 7 ml and then biodiesel was added until they formed a stable emulsion solution. The ethanol and diesel were mixed and the biodiesel was added gradually while shaken slowly forming a stable emulsion. The results showed that the composition of biodiesel, ethanol, and water with 96% ethanol were 78.76, 20.42 and 0.81% (v/v), where methyl esters were obtained from palm oil using subcritical techniques. Meanwhile, biodiesel from coconut oil with the same technique, the composition of the three components was 75.13% biodiesel, 23.90% ethanol and 0.95% air. Keywords: Biodiesel, Ethanol, Diesel, Palm Tree (Arenga pinnata SP).                                             ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat bahan bakar campuran larutan emulsi stabil dengan mencampurkan biodiesel, diesel dan etanol. Biodiesel  yang dicampur dengan diesel dan etanol pada komposisi tertentu dilakukan secara manual. Tahapan yang pertama yaitu pembuatan etanol dari nira aren yang sudah terfermentasi dan kemudian dilakukan proses destilasi etanol untuk mendapat kemurnian 94-96%, sementara untuk etanol 97 % didapat dengan cara absorsi menggunakan lime. Tahapan berikutnya yaitu proses pencampuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan etanol dengan kemurnian 94%-97%. Etanol dituangkan ke dalam gelas ukur dengan volume 7 ml dan etanol konsentrasi 96% dicampur secara perlahan hingga membentuk larutan emulsi stabil. Hasil menunjukan bahwa komposisi biodiesel, etanol, dan air dengan kosentrasi etanol 96% adalah 78.76, 20.42 dan 0.81 % (v/v) yang mana methyl ester diturunkan dari minyak sawit dengan menggunakan teknik subkritis. Sementara, biodiesel dari minyak kelapa dengan teknik yang sama, komposisi ketiga komponen adalah  75.13 % biodiesel, 23.90 % etanol dan 0.95% air. Kata kunci: Biodiesel, Etanol, Diesel, Pohon Aren (Arenga pinnata SP)

Effect of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester on Fuel-Injector Wear Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-339
Author(s):  
M. Jamshaid ◽  
H. H. Masjuki ◽  
M. A. Kalam ◽  
N. W. M. Zulkifli ◽  
A. Arslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Acid Methyl

This paper presents the experimental results carried out to evaluate the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) obtained from cotton-seed oil and palm oil on fuel-injector wear characteristics. The cottonseed oil methyl ester (COME) and palm oil methyl ester (POME) were produced in the laboratory using alkaline transesterification. Gas chromatography based on 'BS EN 14103:2011' standard was used to analyze the percentage of fatty acids in COME and POME. The physicochemical properties of the two methyl esters were measured based on ASTM and EN standards. Various unique blends using cottonseed–palm oil methyl ester (CPME) were tested. Thirteen (13) different types of fuel blends were prepared from COME, POME, and petroleum diesel fuel (DF100). The wear and lubricity characteristics were measured using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) based on ASTM D6079 standard. The worn surfaces of the specimen plates were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The COME100, POME100, and CPME100 showed excellent lubricity properties for the fuel injector in terms of lower COF and wear coefficient when compared with DF100. COME100, POME100 and CPME100 showed lower average COF compared to DF100 by 16.9%, 13.9% and 16.1%, respectively. This may be due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids in the methyl esters composition. Consequently, the fatty acid methyl esters can be used to reduce the friction and wear of the fuel injectors due to the improvement in the tribological properties of the fuel.

scholarly journals Sintesis Biodiesel Menggunakan Katalis Campuran Calcium Hydroxide dan Calcite

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Horasdia Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl

<p><span>Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, biodiesel) have been synthesized using a mixture of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>] and calcite [CaCO<sub>3</sub>] catalyst. The fabrication was carried out by transesterifying triglycerides from palm oil using methanol at temperature of 60<sup>o</sup>C. The mixture of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>] and calcite [CaCO<sub>3</sub>] catalyst was synthesized from CaO by exposed CaO to the air at room temperature. Various transesterification times have been involved in transesterification process. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the mixture of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> and CaCO<sub>3</sub> has catalytic characteristics, so that it can transesterify triglycerides and produce the FAME. There are 10 types of FAME produced from the palm oil triglycerides in this transesterification. Five of this types were saturated FAME and others were unsaturated FAME. The highest concentration of FAME is cis-9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester. The longer transesterification process, the more FAME is produced. Referring to the results of this study, it shows that the mixture of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> and CaCO<sub>3</sub> has the potential to be used as a catalyst for synthesizing biodiesel in the future.</span></p>

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN ABU KULIT BUAH KELAPA SEBAGAI KATALIS PADA REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK SAWIT MENJADI METIL ESTER

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf Ritonga ◽  
Doni Hermanto Sihombing ◽  
Allen Rianto Sihotang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Processing Stage ◽  
Potassium Methoxide

Transesterification is the reaction to produce methyl esters in which this reaction’s catalyst involves coconut shell burnt ash at temperature of 550, 600, 650 °C for 8 hours and uses 1%, 2%, 3% (w/w) of ash. Ash used was dissolved in 75 ml of methanol to obtain potassium methoxide compound and was analyzed by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) to determine potassium content. Palm oil involved in the processing stage of degumming with the addition of 0,6% (w/w) H3PO4 85% to remove gum then followed by an esterification reaction using 3,0% (w/w) H2SO498% as the catalyst to reduce FFA<1%. The temperature of transesterification reaction was at 65 °C for 2 hours, ratio of methanol: CPO 6:1 (n/n) and 500 rpm agitation. Quantitatively, the optimum yield of 81% methyl esters is gained with shell burnt ash at temperature of 600 ° C, 1% (w/w) of ash with the specification of methyl esters as density, kinematic viscosity and flash point are relatively conformed to SNI04-7182-2006 biodiesel and 92.99% purity methyl ester with 4.62% total glycerin,2.39% free glycerin based on GC (Gas Chromatography).

scholarly journals The Effect of Reaction Time and Temperature on the Synthesis of Methyl Ester Sulfonate Surfactant from Palm Oil as a Feedstock using Microwave-Assisted Heating

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Lailatul Qadariyah ◽  
Sahiba Sahila ◽  
Mahfud Mahfud
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Sodium Bisulfite ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sulfonate Group ◽  
Microwave Assisted

Methyl ester sulfonate is an anionic surfactant that can be synthesized from palm oil as a raw material with the addition of sodium bisulfite and calcium oxide catalyst through transesterification and sulfonation process using microwave-assisted heating. The effect of microwave-assisted heating in the transesterification-sulfonation process was investigated in this study. The transesterification process was carried out using a microwave power of 300 watts for 10 minutes with an addition of a KOH catalyst of 1%. The transesterification process gave a result of palm oil methyl ester with a yield of up to 98% and density of 0.8546 gr/ml, and kinematic viscosity of 3.19 cSt. The sulfonation process is carried out using palm oil methyl ester and sodium bisulfite with a mole ratio of 1:3 and calcium oxide catalyst of 1.5% with the microwave power of 300 watts while varying the sulfonation time and temperature. The physicochemical properties of methyl ester sulfonate were analyzed, and the sulfonate group was characterized using FTIR. The optimum condition gave a yield of up to 98.68%, the density of 0.8657 gr/ml, viscosity of 3.75 cSt, pH of 2.12, and surface tension of up to 27.34 dyne/cm at a temperature of 100oC and sulfonation time of 40 minutes.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Crude Palm Oil Using Sulfuric Acid and K2O Catalysts through a Two-Stage Reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3150-3160
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

This study examines biodiesel production from crude palm oil (CPO) through an esterification reaction with methanol as a solvent and transesterification reactions catalyzed by calcium oxide (K2O). K2O catalyst synthesized from the oil palm empty fruit bunches ash (PEFB-ash) with impregnation method and calcined at a temperature of 700 ºC. The esterification reaction results showed that the free fatty acid content decreased from 5.47% to 0.57% at 60 ºC, while the results transesterification reaction showed the highest methyl ester content of 39.33% at optimal conditions, which was K2O catalyst amount of 3%. The GC-MS analysis results showed that as many as eleven fatty acid methyl esters were confirmed from biodiesel crude palm oil (CPO) based on their respective retention times and fragmentation patterns. The main components of the methyl ester formed include methyl hexadecanoic (17.75%), methyl 9.12-octadecadienoate (3.97%), and methyl 9-octadecenoate (12.06%). Biodiesel properties were examined using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM-6751).

scholarly journals Utilization of MATLAB to Simulate Kinetics of Transesterification of Palm Oil-Based Methyl Esters with Trimethylolpropane for Biodegradable Synthetic Lubricant Synthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidah Abd Hamid ◽  
Robiah Yunus ◽  
Thomas S.Y. Choong
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Elementary Reactions ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Biodegradable Lubricant ◽  
Kinetics Of

This paper presents the simulation work on kinetic study for the transesterification reaction between palm oil-based methyl ester with trimethylolpropane to produce biodegradable lubricant base oil. The reaction mechanism involves three stepwise reversible series-parallel elementary reactions. New kinetic modeling approach is needed in this field due to the limitation of the earlier kinetic models developed for this reaction. The earlier kinetic study made use of many assumptions in order to simplify the solutions. In this work, new rate equations were derived from the actual reaction mechanism, and MATLAB was used to obtain the simultaneous solutions of the rate equations. The results obtained were compared with the experimental data used in the earlier study. The new simulation approach was found to describe the experimental values satisfactorily.

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