scholarly journals Genetic Variation in Minimum Body Weight Required for the Onset of Sexual Maturity in Broiler Chickens and Its Genetic Covariation with Growth-Rate Comp

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe (Morris) Soller ◽  
Paul Siegel ◽  
Tom Brody ◽  
J. Cherry ◽  
Israel Nir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Sexual Maturity

PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS GRADE CHARACTERISTICS OF TURKEYS FED THE GROWTH PROMOTER, AVOPARCIN

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LEESON ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feeding Schedule ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Two trials were conducted with Nicholas strain turkeys. In trial 1, 300 male poults were reared to 49 days using either initial stages of 'large-turkey' feeding regime, or a situation allowing for diet self-selection of protein and energy. Within these programs, diets were supplemented with 10 ppm avoparcin, while a comparable number of controls received no growth promoter. Avoparcin improved growth rate (P < 0.01) irrespective of age, and improved feed utilization to 35 days of age. This effect was not confounded with the form in which diets were offered. In a second trial a 'broiler-turkey' feeding schedule was used, with birds slaughtered at 88 days. Diet treatments consisted of a control diet containing 33 ppm robenz and test diets containing either 33 ppm robenz + 10 ppm avoparcin or 10 ppm avoparcin alone. Avoparcin improved weight gain (P < 0.05) irrespective of coccidiostat inclusion. Feed utilization and carcass grades were not influenced by diet. The 7% improvement in body weight noted here with avoparcin was substantially greater than that previously observed with broiler chickens.

Multibreed comparisons of British cattle. Variation in body weight, growth rate and food intake

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Thiessen ◽  
Eva Hnizdo ◽  
D. A. G. Maxwell ◽  
D. Gibson ◽  
C. S. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Breed Selection ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTA multibreed cattle experiment involving 25 British breeds was set up to study genetic variation between breeds and genetic inter-breed relationships for a wide spectrum of traits in order to examine the problems of between-breed testing and selection. The experimental design is described and results on between-breed variation are presented for four traits.All animals were housed indoors and from 12 weeks of age were given a single complete pelleted diet ad libitum through a system of Calan-Broadbent electronic gates. Females were mated to produce one purebred and three crossbred calves, which were reared to slaughter in order to measure the efficiency of the cow-calf unit of production.Results based on a total of 292 animals, with an average of 12 per breed, are presented for body weight, cumulated voluntary food intake, daily weight gain and daily food intake over the age range from 12 to 72 weeks. The 25 breed-mean curves for body weight and cumulated food intake displayed a remarkably uniform pattern of rankings at all ages and the rankings were very similar for both traits.The multibreed design used was effective in estimating between-breed variation as a proportion of total variation for the four traits examined. After approximately 1 year of age, the proportion of variation between breeds was approximately 0·70 for body weight and 0·60 for cumulated voluntary food intake. Changes in these traits could therefore be brought about more effectively by selection between breeds rather than within breeds. For average daily weight gain measured over 12-week intervals, between-breed selection was estimated to be most effective in the period of maximum growth rate between 6 and 9 months of age, when between-breed variation was 0·52 of the total. For average daily food intake, measured over 12-week intervals, between-breed selection was likely to be effective beyond 6 months of age, when the proportion of between-breed variation plateaued at 0·48.At all ages, the coefficient of genetic variation between breeds was approximately 0·14 for body weight and daily gain, and remarkably constant at approximately 0·12 for both daily and cumulated food intake. It is suggested that, for growth and intake traits, the genetic variances within and between breeds remain proportional to each other at all ages.

scholarly journals Hindlimb Osteometry of Lohmann Broiler on 7, 21 and 35 days

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ulfiani Fauzia Hanafi ◽  
Yeni Dhamayanti ◽  
Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama ◽  
Soeharsono Soeharsono ◽  
Prima Ayu Wibawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Quantitative Measurements

Patterns of growth can be determined one of them through quantitative measurements, namely osteometry. The aim of this study was to determine the growth of patterns of Lohmann broiler chickens based on hindlimb osteometry at the age of 7, 21 and 35 days. This study used 30 Lohmann broiler chickens aged 7, 21 and 35 days. Osteometry techniques are performed on all the bones of hindlimb with variable Greatest length (GL), Breadth of the proximal end (Bp), Breadth of the distal end (Dd), Minimum breadth of diaphysis (Sd), Circular of the proximal end (Cp), Circular of corpus (Cc), and Circular of distal end (Cd). The data obtained is recorded in units of centimeters (cm). Data of body weight and weight of each bone are also recorded in grams (g). Data were analyzed by ANOVA test, if the result obtained with a significance of 5% then the test continued with Pos Hoc Duncan. The results showed that from 6 osteometry variables, body weight, and bone mass obtained significant differences (p<0.05). The fastest growth rate is reached when Lohmann broiler chickens are 21 days old.

scholarly journals FEED UTILIZATION BY BROILER CHICKENS FED THREE COMMERCIAL MICRONUTRIENT PREMIXES AT TWO PHYSIOLOGICAL STAGES OF GROWTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
O. O. ODUGUWA ◽  
B. K. OGUNMODEDE ◽  
A. O. FANIMO
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
The Mean

Three commercial premix types were fed in and duplicated to six groups of 45 broilers each at the starter pbase (0-5 weeks). At the finisher phase (5-9 weeks) each treatment group of the vital roles in starter was further divided into three groups. Nine premix combinations were used at the finisher pbase. Performance of the birds was monitored. At the starter phase, birds fed premix Z diet had a mean body weight blood (629.90gm) that was higher (P<0.05) than fed premix A diet (518.87 gm) which was also the maintenance of osmotic relations and acid higher than those fed premix U diet (414.59gm). The mean daily weight gain followed the same  trend with 16.81gm, 14.04gm, or 10.58 gm for birds fed diets that contained premixes Z A or U respectively. Birds fed a diet that contained premix Z consumed 48.80 gm daily which was  more than those for birds fed premix U in their diet (37.85gm). The feed to gain ratio was not significantly affected (P>0.05) by the premix  type fed at this phase. Poor growth rate caused by premixes with marked differences in their by premix fed at the starter phase was not completely overcome due to the premix type fed at the finisher phase varied (P<0.05) with the type of premix fed. No difference (P>0.05) was observed among the  premix types for the metabolic trials at the starter phase.

GROWTH RETARDATION EFFECTS OF SOME GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND GLUCAGON IN CHICKENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. GAVORA ◽  
P. A. KONDRA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Increase Growth Rate

Three experiments were conducted to test the effects of Lipo-adrenal cortex (LAC), cortisone acetate (CA), hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) and glucagon (G) in broiler chickens. Oral administration of 38.7, 69.6 or 96.8 mg CA per bird significantly retarded body weight gain between days 14 and 21. HCA administered intramuscularly in doses varying from 2 to 24 mg/100 g of body weight significantly decreased body weight gain between days 14 and 28. Shank growth was similarly affected by doses over 4 mg HCA. The same doses significantly increased liver weight. At 3 months of age, birds recovered from growth retardation caused by the injection of 4 mg HCA/100 g of body weight at 14 days of age. Experimental results indicate that 2 or 4 mg HCA/100 g of body weight, administered by one injection at 14 days of age, may be used to increase growth rate variance by retarding growth.

Sexual maturity and related phenomena in the domestic fowl

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. E. Hafez ◽  
G. A. R. Kamar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Heavy Body ◽  
June July ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Three hundred and eighty-two Fayomi pullets were available from different hatches throughout the year. The age and body weight, as well as the weight of first eggs at sexual maturity in relation to growth curves, were recorded. The fertilizability and hatchability of the first eggs laid at sexual maturity were also examined from one hundred pullets hatched during the months of November and August.1. (a) The winter hatches (December, January and February) reached sexual maturity at 183 days and at a body weight of 1093 g. The weight of the first ten eggs was 31·8 g., while the period from first to the tenth egg was 26 days. Summer hatches (June, July and August) reached sexual maturity at 165 days and at a body weight of 1124 g., while the weight of the first ten eggs was 32·4 g. and the period from first to tenth egg was 31 days. Autumn hatches (September, October and November) reached sexual maturity at 159 days and at a body weight of 1023 g., while the weight of the first ten eggs was 31·4 g. and the period from first to tenth egg was 23 days.(b) Summer and winter hatches attained sexual maturity at an older age and heavier body weight, and laid heavier first ten eggs in a longer period than autumn hatches.2. The growth curves were higher for the summer hatches than for the spring (March, April and May) ones. Winter and autumn hatches were intermediate. Summer hatches attained sexual maturity at a higher relative growth rate than autumn and winter hatches. In Egypt (30° N.), the effect of temperature seems to override that of daylength in respect to growth and sexual maturity.3. Yearly differences in the attainment of sexual maturity were significant, mainly in December hatches. Individual differences were minimized during summer hatches.4. (a) The first egg laid can be fertilizable and even hatchable. When sexual maturity was attained at an old age or a heavy body weight, the first eggs laid had a greater chance of being fertilizable and hatchable. This is due to the weight of first eggs laid and to the season at which sexual maturity is attained.(b) The attainment of sexual maturity as measured by the fertilizability and hatchability of first eggs, seems to be a gradual phenomenon.

scholarly journals Overlap of quantitative trait loci for early growth rate, and for body weight and age at onset of sexual maturity in chickens

Reproduction ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
B K Podisi ◽  
S A Knott ◽  
I C Dunn ◽  
A S Law ◽  
D W Burt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Trait Loci

Critical age, weight and body composition have been suggested as necessary correlates of sexual maturity. A genome scan to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for age and body weight at first egg (AFE and WFE) was conducted on 912 birds from an F2broiler–layer cross using 106 microsatellite markers. Without a covariate, QTL for body WFE were detected on chromosomes 2, 4, 8, 27 and Z and a single QTL for AFE was detected on chromosome 2. With AFE as a covariate, additional QTL for body WFE were found on chromosomes 1 and 13, with abdominal fat pad as covariate a QTL for body WFE was found on chromosome 1. With body WFE as covariate, additional QTL for AFE were found on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 13 and 27. The QTL generally acted additively and there was no evidence for epistasis. Consistent with the original line differences, broiler alleles had positive effects on body WFE and negative effects on AFE, whereas the phenotypic correlation between the two traits was positive. The mapped QTL for body WFE cumulatively accounted for almost half the body weight difference between the chicken lines at puberty. Overlapping QTL for body WFE and body weight to 9 weeks of age indicate that most QTL affecting growth rate also affect body WFE. The co-localisation of QTL for body weight, growth and sexual maturity suggests that body weight and growth rate are closely related to the attainment of sexual maturity and that the genetic determination of growth rate has correlated effects on puberty.

Croissance, nutrition et reproduction des ouaouarons Rana catesbeiana Shaw (Amphibia Anura) des Laurentides au nord de Montréal

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Bruneau ◽  
Etienne Magnin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Mating Calls ◽  
The Individual

About 2600 bullfrogs have been captured in three small lakes of the Laurentian region and 1863 among them have been marked and released. The study of the body length growth has been made by three methods (age lecture on pterygoïds, body length histograms, mark–recapture), which give concordant results: 59 mm at 1 year, 81 mm at 2 years, 108 mm at 3 years, 125 mm at 4 years, 137 mm at 5 years, 143 mm at 6 years. The biggest, measuring 162 mm, might have been 8 or 9 years old. The growth rate is the most important between 2 and 3 years, when bullfrogs reach sexual maturity. The body weight is 18 g at 1 year and 40 g at 2 years. At 3 years, the females weigh 101 g and the males 96 g. and at 5 years, the weights are respectively 215 and 194 g. Bullfrogs between 45 and 65 mm eat mostly in sects and the biggest ones eat mostly frogs, tadpoles, fish, and crayfish. The mating calls were heard by the end of May and the spawning occurs between the 20th of June and the 10th of July. The number of eggs (3 826 to 23 540) depends on the size of the individual. Sexual maturity is generally reached at 3 years when bullfrogs measure between 95 and 110 mm. However, some individuals reach sexual maturity at 2 years and some others at 4 years. Our results were compared with those of the literature.

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