scholarly journals Evaluation of hepatotoxicity in elderly with HIV/AIDS using isoniazid

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Claudinei Alves Santana ◽  
Gustavo Alves Andrade dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Report ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: The aging of the population becomes notorious from the twentieth century reaching several countries of the world. Data from the 2019 Epidemiological Bulletin of the Ministry of Health report an increase in the incidence of AIDS among elderly males in the period 2008 to 2018 of 9.7% and a 5% reduction among women. The impairment of the immune system favors the emergence of diseases considered opportunistic and Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among individuals with AIDS. One of the measures to prevent TB/HIV co-infection in young and elderly adults, according to the World Health Organization, is treatment with the drug isoniazid, which aims to reduce the risk of illness from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and consequently the manifestation of TB. Regarding isoniazid, hepatotoxicity is a potentially serious adverse reaction that can even result in death. Objective: To evaluate the risk of hepatotoxicity to the use of isoniazid measured through laboratory test results through liver enzymes. METHOD: Descriptive and analytical retrospective cross-sectional study with elderly patients with HIV/AIDS using isoniazid in a specialized HIV/AIDS Service from 2008 to 2011. Laboratory results of hepatic transaminases (AST and ALT) and glutaryltranferase range from a secondary database at 3 specific moments (pre-treatment, concomitant treatment and post-treatment with isoniazid) and subjects’ characteristics (age, gender, time of HIV infection) were analyzed. The data were analyzed in statistical program SPSS 20. Result: We analyzed 12 subjects aged 60 years or older, 75% (9) men, mean age 63 years and 25% (3) women, mean age 68 years. The subjects had an average of 15 years of HIV infection. There was an increase of 20.9% in AST, and 11.5% in the Range Gutamiltransferase concomitant with the treatment in relation to the pre-treatment values. Conclusion: Laboratory results for the use of isoniazid showed a slight hepatotoxicity elevation without the need to discontinuation of preventive treatment with isoniazid, however, follow-up by a multidisciplinary and pharmaceutical team is necessary.

scholarly journals Roles and challenges of family physicians in Uganda: A qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent K. Besigye ◽  
Jude Onyango ◽  
Fred Ndoboli ◽  
Vincent Hunt ◽  
Cynthia Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Report ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World

Background: The World Health report (2008), the World Health Assembly (2009) and the Declaration of Astana (2018) acknowledge the significant contribution of family physicians (FPs) in clinical and primary healthcare. Given the lack of resources and low numbers of FPs coupled with the contextual nature of family medicine (FM), the scope of practice of African FPs is likely to differ from that of colleagues in America and Europe. Thus, this study explored the roles of Ugandan FPs and the challenges they face.Methods: This cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted through in-depth interviews with FPs who are working in Uganda. Participants who work in public and private healthcare systems including non-governmental organisations and in all geographical regions were purposively selected. Interviews were conducted from July 2016 to June 2017. Qualitative thematic content analysis of the transcripts was performed using a framework approach.Results: The study team identified three and six thematic roles and challenges, respectively, from the interview transcripts. The roles were clinician, leadership and teaching and learning. Challenges included lack of common identity, low numbers of FPs, conflicting roles, unrealistic expectations, poor organisational infrastructure and lack of incentives.Conclusion: The major roles of FPs in Uganda are similar to those of their counterparts in other parts of the world. Family physicians provide clinical care for patients, including preventive and curative services; providing leadership, management and mentorship to clinical teams; and teaching and learning. However, their roles are exercised differently as a result of lack of proper institutionalisation of FM within the Uganda health system. Family physicians in Uganda have found many opportunities to contribute to healthcare leadership, education and service, but have not yet found a stable niche within the healthcare system.

scholarly journals Exploring the responsiveness of public and private hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomilola Adesanya ◽  
Olayinka Gbolahan ◽  
Obadah Ghannam ◽  
Marisa Miraldo ◽  
Bhavesh Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Health Report ◽  
The World ◽  
Public And Private Hospitals

According to the World Health Report 2000, health system responsiveness is proposed as one of the three key objectives of any health system. This multi-domain concept describes how well a health system responds to the expectations of their users concerning the non-health enhancing aspects of care. In this study we aim to compare the levels of responsiveness experienced by users of private and publicly managed hospitals in Nigeria, and through these insights, to propose recommendations on how to improve performance on this measure. This quantitative, cross-sectional study uses a questionnaire that is adapted from two responsiveness surveys designed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Researchers collected responses from 520 respondents from four hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. Analysis of the data using statistical techniques found that significant differences exist between the performance of public and private hospitals on certain domains of responsiveness, with privately operated hospitals performing better where differences exist. Users of private hospitals also reported a higher level of overall satisfaction. Private hospitals were found to perform particularly better on the domains of dignity, waiting times, and travel times. These findings have implications for the management of public hospitals in focusing their efforts on improving their performance in low scoring domains. Performance in these hospitals can be improved by emphasis on staff training and demand management.

HIV, AIDS, and Drug Abuse in the International Sector

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
James A. Inciardi ◽  
Lana D. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Full Range ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
African Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Hiv Aids

AIDS has become the leading cause of death among people under age 45 in many major cities throughout the United States and Western Europe, and the projected mortality rate for those infected with HIV is virtually 100%. As of July 5, 1996, the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Programme on AIDS reported a cumulative 1,393,649 AIDS cases from 193 countries (WHO 1996). This represented a 19% increase in actual cases reported a year earlier. However, the WHO estimates that allowing for incomplete reporting and under-diagnosis, there were probably some 7.7 million cumulative AIDS cases by mid-1996. In terms of HIV, the WHO estimates that there has been a cumulative distribution of almost 30 million HIV-infected individuals as of mid-1996 (WHO 1996). The joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimated that some 20.1 million adults were living with HIV infection or AIDS at the close of 1995. By the year 2000, UNAIDS estimates project that 30 to 40 million people will have been infected with HIV worldwide (UNAIDS 1996). With more than 19 million HIV-infected adults, Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most affected region of the world (WHO 1996). The predominant mode of transmission since the beginning of the epidemic has been through heterosexual contact. The reuse of unsterilized hypodermic needles in transfusions and inoculations is also relatively common in many African nations. In a number of countries in that part of the world, furthermore, HIV infection has been spread through population movements due to situations of conflict or poverty (Decosas et al. 1995). The lower status of women in a number of African nations has also contributed to the rapid spread of the epidemic (UNAIDS 1996). HIV infections in African women outnumber men by a ratio of 6 to 5. More than 6 million women of childbearing age have been affected, and UNAIDS believes that as many as I million children may already have been infected either prior to or during birth, or during breast feeding (UNAIDS 1996). Another contributing factor has been the full range of sexually transmitted diseases, which increase the risk of HIV infection if left untreated (UNAIDS 1996).

Thực trạng nhiễm HIV/AIDS và một số yếu tố liên quan ở nhóm nam quan hệ tình dục đồng giới tại cộng đồng tỉnh Tiền Giang năm 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Thi To Trinh Huynh ◽  
◽  
Ngoc Quang La ◽  
Thanh chung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Upper Secondary School ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Research ◽  
Upper Secondary ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Lower Secondary Education ◽  
Hiv Aids

Research cross-sectional description of 170 men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tien Giang to describe the situation of HIV / AIDS infection and some factors related to HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men. gender. Research results from December 2019 to June 2020 show that the rate of HIV infection in MSM is 20.6%. Some factors related to HIV / AIDS prevalence are that an education level of upper secondary school or higher is 3.6 times more likely to be infected than those with lower secondary education ( OR = 3.64; CI = 1.42-9.35) and the baseline perception of non-HIV infection among subjects who are likely to be infected with HIV 6.49 times higher than the subjects of self-awareness potentially HIV infection (OR = 6.49; CI = 2.90-14.53). Communication among MSM should be strengthened. Key words: HIV/AIDS infection, Tien Giang, Associated factors

PENGARUH AKSES DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU HAMIL DALAM MELAKUKAN KUNJUNGAN ANTENATAL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PANCUR BATU TAHUN 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Oktafiana Manurung ◽  
Ermawaty Arisandi Siallagan
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Indonesian women have According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Indonesian women have very bad criteria in terms of health, marriage, employment, education, equality with men. This condition is thought to lead to low maternal access to antenatal care. Goals : Antenatal care in accordance with antenatal care standards may decrease Maternal and Infant Mortality due to regular antenatal care can detect early problems that occur in the mother during pregnancy.Methods : The type of this research is analytical descriptive with cross sectional design which aims to analyze the influence of access and motivation of pregnant mother to mother behavior in doing antenatal visit. The research was conducted in Pancur Batu Puskesmas Working Area. The population is 181 people and the sample size is 61 people. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression test.Result : The result of this research indicate that physical accessibility variable is the availability of unrelated officer (p = 0,461) to mother behavior in antenatal visit, social accessibility variable (p = 0,005) and attitude (p = 0,023), and for motivation variable is motive P = 0.005) and expectations (p = 0.019) had a significant effect on maternal behavior in antenatal visits.Conclution : Based on the results of research suggested Head of Pancur Batu Puskesmas to conduct training to officers especially midwives who provide services mainly about hospitality in providing services and to officers implementing services further improve the communication of information and education so that every pregnant women have a good understanding that can eventually cause attitude Positive, high motivation and expectation that can affect the mother in conducting standardized antenatal visits.

scholarly journals Utilisation of laboratory test results for patient management by clinicians at two large referral hospitals in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabe Mwape ◽  
Victor Daka ◽  
Scott Matafwali ◽  
Kapambwe Mwape ◽  
Jay Sikalima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childrens Hospital ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Referral Hospitals

Background Medical laboratory diagnosis is a critical component of patient management in the healthcare setup. Despite the availability of laboratory tests, clinicians may not utilise them to make clinical decisions. We investigated utilsation of laboratory tests for patient management among clinicians at Ndola Teaching Hospital (NTH) and Arthur Davison Childrens Hospital (ADCH), two large referral hospitals in the Copperbelt Province, Ndola, Zambia. Method We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among clinicians. The study deployed self-administered questionnaires to evaluate clinician utilisation, querying and confidence in laboratory results. Additional data on demographics and possible laboratory improvements were also obtained. Data were entered in Microsoft excel and exported to SPSS version 16 for statistical analysis. Results Of the 80 clinicians interviewed, 96.2% (77) reported using laboratory tests and their results in patient management. 77.5% (62) of the clinicians indicated they always used laboratory results to influence their patient management decisions. Of the selected laboratory tests, clinicians were more confident in using haemoglobin test results (91.2%). There was no statistically significant association between the clinicians gender or qualification and use of test results in patient management. Conclusion Our findings show that despite the majority querying laboratory results, most of the clinicians use laboratory results for patient management. There is need for interactions between the laboratory and clinical area to assure clinician confidence in laboratory results. Key words: utilisation, clinicians, laboratory tests, Ndola Teaching Hospital, Arthur Davison Childrens Hospital

scholarly journals An investigation on the frequency of thoughts, readiness and suicide attempt in individuals with thalassemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1847-1853
Author(s):  
Sahar Attar ◽  
Nour Mohammad Bakhshani ◽  
Qasem Miri Aliabad
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World

Background and Aim: Thalassemia major is one of the most common chronic genetic diseases in the world and in Iran that can impose many adverse effects on the self and society. Psychologically, patients with thalassemia are under stress. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is important to identify the people who have the highest risk factors for suicide. The present research investigates the frequency of thoughts, readiness and suicide attempts in people with thalassemia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Its sample was 150 patients with thalassemia in the age range of 10 to 46 years whom we selected through census by sampling at convenience. We gave to patients a standardized Beck Suicide Thought Assessment Questionnaire. We analyzed the research data using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: From among 150 patients with thalassemia in this study, 57.3% of the respondents were male and 42.7% were female. The results showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between suicide thoughts and attempts and age (-0.234) (P <0.05). The mean prevalence of suicide in men (1.89) was significantly higher compared to women (0.79) (P <0.05). We did not observe significant difference in prevalence of suicide thoughts and attempts between married and single groups with a mean difference (0.69) (P <0.05) and, in different educational groups, no significant difference was reported (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that among patients with thalassemia, the prevalence of suicidal ideation has a significant percentage. Since suicidal ideation provides a platform for preparation and attempt to commit suicide, so by providing mental health services and regular screening, we can take an effective step to prevent this problem among patients with thalassemia. Keywords: Thalassemia, Suicidal ideation, Suicide.

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