Socioeconomic impact of stroke in patients and family members

Introduction: Stroke is a worldwide public health problem and one of the major causes of acquired disability worldwide. Objective: To study the socioeconomic weight of stroke in patients and family members, followed by an external consultation of Neurology at Hospital Américo Boavida (HAB) and at the Center for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of Luanda (CMFRL) from June to August 2013. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study of 56 patients after stroke, assisted in the HAB and CMFRL/2013, was conducted. The sample was non-probabilistic, convenience-type. The data were collected using a form as well as the Barthel Index (IB) to assess the degree of functional dependence. Results: The mean age was 53 years, since the modal age group was 50-59 years, the male gender was the most frequent (53.6%), the majority of patients were married (69.6%), unemployed (25%), with primary education done (37.5%); 80.4% go to public transport consultation, the majority reported being taken care of by the spouse (67.9%), so 100% of the unemployed was due to their illness; 50% reported having households consisting of 6-8 people; the most frequent monthly income was 2-5 minimum wages (47%), and more was spent on complementary diagnostic tests with an average of 9,844.6 4 Kz/month and a total expenditure on average of 28510.71 Kz/month and that 25% of the sample spent more than 50% of the monthly income for the disease; 44.6% was moderately dependent. Finally, it was found that most of those who had some degree of dependence became unemployed and spent more than 50% of the monthly household income for the disease. Conclusion: Stroke affects, often the most deprived people and, at the same time, contributes even more to socioeconomic deprivation.

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Problems Faced By Kith & Kin in Dealing with Their Parents

Journal of Dhaka Medical College ◽

10.3329/jdmc.v17i2.6592 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 106-110

Author(s):

SA Chowdhury ◽

S Jabeen

Keyword(s):

Family Members ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Financial Constraint ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural People ◽

Educational Levels ◽

Limited Space ◽

Average Monthly Income ◽

The Mean

Objectives: This study was conducted to find out the problems faced by the kith and kin (children) to deal with their aged parents.Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among the rural people of Dhamrai, who had either one or both living parents. Data was collected from January to March, 2008.Results: Three hundred respondents were interviewed; the mean age was 33.73 (S.D ±7.27) years. Most of the respondents were Muslims (92%) and male (86%). Majority were day labourer (37.3%), agriculture worker (26%) and businessman (19.3%). Rests were service holders (11.3%) and housewives (9%). The educational levels of the respondents were SSC and above (41%) while 8.6% were illiterate. Mean family size was 5.5 members with mean average monthly income 4173(S.D ±2007.77) taka. Majority of the respondents (58.3%) had their parents living with them and 92% parents were dependant upon them for their living. More than half (56%) respondents had problems due to the presence of their parents in their families. Among them, majority (63%) had financial constrain, others were too busy with occupation (18%), limited space in their houses (10%), due to pressure from family members family members (9%). More financial support (32%), more attention (31%), more honour (20%) were the main expectations from their kith and kin by the parents.Conclusion: The main problems found among the majority (56%) of the respondents were, financial constraint (63%), busy with occupation (18%), limited space at home(10%), and non co-operation from other family members(9%). Key Words: Kith & Kin; Caregivers; Elderly DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v17i2.6592J Dhaka Med Coll. 2008; 17(2) : 106-110

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Assessment of the prevalence of vertical hepatitis B transmission in two consecutive generations

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1806-9282.64.02.154 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 154-158

Author(s):

Larissa Akeme Nakano ◽

Jéssica Toshie Katayose ◽

Rodrigo Martins Abreu ◽

Luis Cláudio Alfaia Mendes ◽

Maria Cleusa Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Two Generations ◽

Hepatitis B Transmission ◽

The Mean

Summary Introduction: Hepatitis B is an important public health problem in the world and one of the forms of contagion would be through vertical transmission. Precose diagnosis allows the adoption of prophylaxis measures, which results in prevention in more than 90% of cases. Objective: To describe the prevalences of vertical transmission and compare two generations (mother/patient and patient/child). Method: This was a cross-sectional study, which included 101 patients. The interviews were performed through the application of the instrument of data collection and information of the physical file before the medical consultation. Results: The mean ± SD of age was 50.9 ± 13.1 years, the male gender predominated, with 56.4% of the patients, and the predominance was white, with 43.6%. Vertical transmission between mother and patient occurred in 17.8% and between patient and child, in 7.9%. In all of the eight cases of vertical transmission, the diagnosis was after the birth of children infected with HBV, and in 3/8 (37.5%), there was more than one case of infection by this mechanism per patient, totaling 13 children with the disease. Conclusion: There was a reduction in vertical transmission, showing that preventive measures were effective.

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Sense of coherence and its associations with psychosocial health: results of survey of the unemployed in Kaunas

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina45100105 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 45 (10) ◽

pp. 807 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mindaugas Stankūnas ◽

Ramunė Kalėdienė ◽

Skirmantė Starkuvienė

Keyword(s):

Sense Of Coherence ◽

Adult Population ◽

Psychosocial Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reported Health ◽

The Mean ◽

The Unemployed

Objective. To evaluate the associations between sense of coherence and psychosocial health among unemployed adult population. Material and methods. The data were collected during a cross-sectional study in 2005. There were 429 filled-in questionnaires received (response rate, 53.6%) from unemployed persons registered at the Kaunas Labor Market Office (Lithuania). For the assessment of the sense of coherence, a short 13-item version of the Orientation to Life Questionnaire was used. Long-term unemployment was defined as lasting 12 months or longer. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk factors having influence on sense of coherence. The risk was evaluated using odds ratio (OR). Results. The mean score for sense of coherence was 56.6±11.2 (min, 13; max, 91). Significantly higher sense of coherence was found among the short-term unemployed as compare to the long-term ones. Analysis showed that sense of coherence was significantly higher in males, more educated and less materially deprived groups. The findings indicated that persons with depression, suicide intentions, more intensive alcohol consumption (after the job loss), poor self-reported health, feelings of loneliness and shame, and poor relations with family reported lower sense of coherence. The risk of low sense of coherence was significantly higher for females (OR=2.97) and the long-term unemployed (OR=1.81). Nevertheless, higher education (OR=0.73) and income (OR=0.83) were the factors that significantly improved sense of coherence. Conclusions. Sense of coherence was low among the unemployed in Kaunas. Sense of coherence was lower among the unemployed with negative psychosocial health characteristics in comparison to the unemployed with positive characteristics.

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Epilepsy and self-esteem

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1381 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S384-S385 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Turki ◽

I. Bouchhima ◽

N. Halouani ◽

E. Turki ◽

N. Bouzidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Mean ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Patients With Epilepsy

IntroductionEpilepsy is a public health problem that often affects personal and social patients’ life. Self-esteem, an important factor contributing to psychosocial well-being, is generally disrupted in epilepsy.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to assess self-esteem and factors associated in patients suffering from epilepsy.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic study, including 20 patients followed for epilepsy at neurology outpatient department, Habib Bourguiba hospital, Sfax, Tunisia. We collected socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).ResultsThe mean age was 35.9 ans. Sex-ratio (M/F) was 3. Hobby practice was noted in 45% of cases. The disease evolves since 19.9 years on average. A worsening of health in the last year was felt in 30% of cases. The stigma was reported in 30% of patients. Self-esteem was: very low 5%, low 40%, average 40%, and high 15%. It was better among married patients, living in family and those with disease evolving since more than 10 years, but without a significant correlation. The factors correlated with good self-esteem were: practicing a hobby (P = 0.006) and absence of stigma (P = 0.001). Poor self-esteem was significantly correlated with perceived health worsened during the last 12 months (P = 0.02). It was poor in unstable patients professionally, but without significant correlation.ConclusionOur study confirms the decline of self-esteem in patients with epilepsy. A better education of these patients to accept their illness, as well as raising public awareness on this affection could facilitate social insertion and improve self-esteem.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Urinary incontinence among female patients attending a selected public hospital in Bangladesh

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20192796 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Shima Begum ◽

Khondoker Mahmuda Akter Halim ◽

Ratna Khatun ◽

Sharmin Islam ◽

A. B. M. Alauddin Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Uterine Prolapse ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Social Consequences ◽

Urethral Injury ◽

Care Seeking ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Patients ◽

The Mean

Background: Urinary incontinence is a frequent public health problem with negative social consequences, particularly for women. Women are much more susceptible to urinary incontinence than men. Female susceptibility is the result of anatomical, social, economic and cultural factors.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to find out the factors related to urinary incontinence, distribution of types of incontinence among female patients and their health care seeking behavior and socio-demographic characteristics among 121 adult female patients who attended the outpatient department of Gynae and Obstetrics department and Urology department of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital during the period of January to June 2016. Data were collected through face to face interview. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 43.42 years and the mean monthly income of the respondents was 17409.09 taka. Little above nine-tenths (91.7%) of the respondents were Muslim and the majority of the respondents (47.9%) were living in pacca house. More than seven-tenths (73.6%) of the respondents were married and over 35% of the respondents were illiterate. Among the respondents about 42.1% of them had pressure type of incontinence, followed by mixed incontinence (27.3%). Over 65% had some complication during delivery and little above six-tenths (61.2%) had gynecological problems.Conclusions: Female urinary incontinence is a frequent and a major embarrassing healthcare problem in Bangladesh. Patients who had complications during labor, having multipara, recurrent UTI, gynecological problem such as uterine prolapse, urethral injury, had high percentage of urinary incontinence. Patients with urinary incontinence should be encouraged to seek treatment early as the problem can be treated.

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ANALISIS PERILAKU MEROKOK, PENGGUNAAN ANTI NYAMUK BAKAR DAN PENGGUNAAN BAHAN BAKAR MEMASAK DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.38165/jk.v9i1.76 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1075-1079

Author(s):

Cucu Herawati ◽

Hety Sriwaty

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Family Members ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Mosquito Repellent ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cooking Fuel ◽

Work Area ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Menurut WHO dan Kementrian Kesehatan menyebutkan bahwa ISPA merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi pada balita, bahkan sampai saat ini ISPA masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Berdasarkan laporan Puskesmas Beber tahun 2015 di peroleh data bahwa dari 8700 rumah tangga yang di data terdapat 6.555 rumah yang penghuninya merokok di dalam ruangan, masyarakat banyak mengantisipsi gigitan nyamuk aedes agity dengan menggunakan anti nyamuk bakar, keadaan ekonomi penduduk yang masih rendah akhirnya berdampak pada menurunnya kemampuan menyediakan bahan bakar yang memadai, kebanyakan masyarakat menggunakan kayu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perilaku merokok anggota keluarga, penggunaan anti nyamuk bakar, penggunaan bahan bakar memasak dengan kejadian ISPA pada Balita. Jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain Cross sectional, populasi adalah seluruh balita yang ada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Beber tahun 2015 sebanyak 2593 balita, jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 balita yang diambil secara random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara perilaku merokok anggota keluarga dengan kejadian ISPA (p=0.00), antara penggunaan bahan bakar memasak dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,00), serta tidak ada hubungan antara penggunaan anti nyamuk bakar dengan kejadian ISPA (p=0,184). Kata kunci : ISPA, perilaku merokok, penggunaan anti nyamuk bakar, penggunaan bahan bakar memasak. ABSTRACTAccording to WHO and the Ministry of Health stated that ARI is one of the leading causes of death in infants, even to date the ISPA is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Based on the Beber Puskesmas report 2015 obtained data that from 8700 households in the data there are 6,555 houses that smokers in the room, many people anticipate the bite of mosquito aedes agity by using anti mosquito fuel, low economic condition of the population finally have an impact on the decrease ability to provide adequate fuel, most people use wood. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship between smoking family members' behavior, the use of anti-mosquito fuel, the use of cooking fuel with the incidence of ARI in Toddlers. The type of descriptive analytic research with cross sectional design, the population is all under five in the work area of Puskesmas Beber in 2015 as many as 2593 children, the number of samples is 100 balita taken by random sampling. The data were collected by interview using questionnaire. hypothesis testing using chi square test.The result of the research showed that there was a significant correlation between the smoking behavior of family members and the incidence of ARI (p = 0.00), between the use of cooking fuel with the incidence of ARI (p = 0,00), and there was no correlation between the use of mosquito repellent with the incidence of ARI p = 0.184). Keywords: ARI, smoking behavior, use of mosquito repellent, use of cooking fuel.

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An exploratory study to estimate cost-effectiveness threshold value for life saving treatments in western Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-57480/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Najmeh Moradi ◽

Abraha Woldemichael ◽

Parisa Malekian ◽

Delnia Moradi Rotavandi ◽

Satar Rezaei

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Family Members ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Education Level ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Tobit Regression ◽

Life Saving ◽

Additional Qaly ◽

The Family ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background Cost-effectiveness analysis provides a crucial means for evidence-informed decision-making on resource allocation. This study aims to elicit individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for one additional quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained from life-saving treatment and associated factors in Kermanshah city, western Iran. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on a total of 847 adults aged 18 years and above to elicit their WTP for one additional QALY gained by oneself and a family member using a hypothetical life-saving treatment. We used a multistage sampling technique to select the samples, and the Iranian version of EQ-5D-3L, and visual analogue scale (VAS) measures was used to obtain the participants’ health utility value. The Tobit regression model was used to identify the factors affecting WTP per QALY values. Results The mean WTP value and standard deviation (SD) was US$ 862 (3224) for the respondents and US$ 1355 (3993) for the family members. The mean utility values using EQ-5D-3L and VAS methods were 0.779 and 0.800, respectively. The WTP for the additional QALY gained by the individual participants using the EQ-5D-3L and VAS methods were respectively US$ 1202 and US$ 1101, while the estimated value of the family members was US$ 1355 (SD= 3993). The Tobit regression models indicated that monthly income, education level, sex, and birthplace were statistically significantly associated (p < 0.05) with both the WTP for the extra QALY values using the EQ-5D-3L and the VAS methods. Besides, education level and monthly income showed statistically significant relationships with the WTP for the additional QALY gained by the family members (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicated that the participants' WTP value of the additional QALY gained from the hypothetical life-saving treatment was in the rage of 0.20 to 0.24 of Iran’s gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, which is far lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended CE threshold value of one. This wide gap reflects the challenges the health system is facing and requires further research for defining the most appropriate CE threshold at the local level.

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An Exploratory Study to Estimate Cost-effectiveness Threshold Value for Life Saving Treatments in Western Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-57480/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Najmeh Moradi ◽

Abraha Woldemichael ◽

Parisa Malekian ◽

Delnia Moradi Rotavandi ◽

Satar Rezaei

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Family Members ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Education Level ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Tobit Regression ◽

Life Saving ◽

Additional Qaly ◽

The Family ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background: Cost-effectiveness analysis provides a crucial means for evidence-informed decision-making on resource allocation. This study aims to elicit individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for one additional quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained from life-saving treatment and associated factors in Kermanshah city, western Iran.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on a total of 847 adults aged 18 years and above to elicit their WTP for one additional QALY gained by oneself and a family member using a hypothetical life-saving treatment. We used a multistage sampling technique to select the samples, and the Iranian version of EQ-5D-3L, and visual analogue scale (VAS) measures was used to obtain the participants’ health utility value. The Tobit regression model was used to identify the factors affecting WTP per QALY values.Results: The mean WTP value and standard deviation (SD) was US$ 862 (3224) for the respondents and US$ 1355 (3993) for the family members. The mean utility values using EQ-5D-3L and VAS methods were 0.779 and 0.800, respectively. The WTP for the additional QALY gained by the individual participants using the EQ-5D-3L and VAS methods were respectively US$ 1202 and US$ 1101, while the estimated value of the family members was US$ 1355 (SD= 3993). The Tobit regression models indicated that monthly income, education level, sex, and birthplace were statistically significantly associated (p < 0.05) with both the WTP for the extra QALY values using the EQ-5D-3L and the VAS methods. Besides, education level and monthly income showed statistically significant relationships with the WTP for the additional QALY gained by the family members (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the participants' WTP value of the additional QALY gained from the hypothetical life-saving treatment was in the rage of 0.20 to 0.24 of Iran’s gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, which is far lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended CE threshold value of one. This wide gap reflects the challenges the health system is facing and requires further research for defining the most appropriate CE threshold at the local level.

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Are presbyopes willing to pay for spectacles? A Cross-sectional study’’

10.21203/rs.2.16524/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Haile Woretaw Alemu ◽

Anthony Carlson

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

South Gondar

Abstract Objective Cross-sectional study design were used to assess willingness to pay for spectacles among south Gondar presbyopic population.Results Of the total 322 people participating in the study, only 53.4% (172) were experienced by spectacles users. The median gross monthly income of participants was US$ 75.0 (ranged US$ 7.1 - 321.4) and the mean amount of money willing to pay for a pair of spectacles was US$ 17.9 (ranged US$ 1.1-107.1). Participants who were willing to pay US$ 12.5 for a pair of spectacles from a government optical accounted for 63.0% (95% CI: 57.8-68.3), while those willing to pay the minimum international pair of spectacle price US$ 5.6 were accounted 73.9% (95% CI: 68.9-79.2%) and spectacle from local private optical price US$ 17.8 accounted 46.6% (95% CI: 40.4-52.2). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated factors such as age (P=0.049), occupation (0.001), monthly income (0.001) and history of the previous spectacle wear (0.005) to be significantly associated with willingness to pay for a pair of spectacles. Public willingness to pay for a pair of spectacle has to be supported with the accessible provision of spectacles to increase spectacle coverage among presbyopic individuals.

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An exploratory study to estimate cost-effectiveness threshold value for life saving treatments in western Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-57480/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Najmeh Moradi ◽

Abraha Woldemichael ◽

Parisa Malekian ◽

Delnia Moradi Rotavandi ◽

Satar Rezaei

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Family Members ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Tobit Regression ◽

Western Iran ◽

Life Saving ◽

Additional Qaly ◽

The Family ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background: Cost-effectiveness analysis provides a crucial means for evidence-informed decision-making on resource allocation. This study aims to elicit individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for one additional quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained from life-saving treatment and associated factors in Kermanshah city, western Iran.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on a total of 847 adults aged 18 years and above to elicit their WTP for one additional QALY gained by oneself and a family member using a hypothetical life-saving treatment. We used a multistage sampling technique to select the samples, and the Iranian version of EQ-5D-3L, and visual analogue scale (VAS) measures was used to obtain the participants’ health utility value. The Tobit regression model was used to identify the factors affecting WTP per QALY values.Results: The mean WTP value and standard deviation (SD) was US$ 862 (3,224) for the respondents and US$ 1,355 (3,993) for the family members. The mean utility values using EQ-5D-3L and VAS methods were 0.779 and 0.800, respectively. Besides, Tthe WTP for the additional QALY gained by the individual participants using the EQ-5D-3L and VAS methods were respectively US$ 1,202 and US$ 1,101, while the estimated value of the family members was US$ 1,355 (SD= 3,993). The Tobit regression models indicated that monthly income, education level, sex, and birthplace were statistically significantly associated (p < 0.05) with both the WTP for the extra QALY values using the EQ-5D-3L and the VAS methods. Besides, eEducational level and monthly income also showed statistically significant relationships with the WTP for the additional QALY gained by the family members (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the participants' WTP value of the additional QALY gained from the hypothetical life-saving treatment was in the range of 0.20 to 0.24 of the Iran’s gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of Iran. This value, which is far lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended CE threshold value of one. This wide gap reflects the challenges the health system is facing and requires further research for defining the most appropriate CE threshold at the local level.

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