Assessment of the prevalence of vertical hepatitis B transmission in two consecutive generations

Summary Introduction: Hepatitis B is an important public health problem in the world and one of the forms of contagion would be through vertical transmission. Precose diagnosis allows the adoption of prophylaxis measures, which results in prevention in more than 90% of cases. Objective: To describe the prevalences of vertical transmission and compare two generations (mother/patient and patient/child). Method: This was a cross-sectional study, which included 101 patients. The interviews were performed through the application of the instrument of data collection and information of the physical file before the medical consultation. Results: The mean ± SD of age was 50.9 ± 13.1 years, the male gender predominated, with 56.4% of the patients, and the predominance was white, with 43.6%. Vertical transmission between mother and patient occurred in 17.8% and between patient and child, in 7.9%. In all of the eight cases of vertical transmission, the diagnosis was after the birth of children infected with HBV, and in 3/8 (37.5%), there was more than one case of infection by this mechanism per patient, totaling 13 children with the disease. Conclusion: There was a reduction in vertical transmission, showing that preventive measures were effective.

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Seroprevalence of Malaria and Hepatitis B Coinfection among Pregnant Women in Tamale Metropolis of Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2018/5610981 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gideon Kofi Helegbe ◽

Paul Armah Aryee ◽

Baba Sulemana Mohammed ◽

Anthony Wemakor ◽

David Kolbila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Full Blood Count ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tamale Metropolis ◽

The Mean ◽

Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Background. Coinfections are becoming common risk factors that may contribute to the increased burden of morbidity in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of coinfections of malaria, hepatitis B (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in the Tamale Metropolis. Methods. By means of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), pregnant women attending the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) were screened for malaria, HBV infection, HIV infection, and syphilis from March 2013 to February 2015. Haemoglobin (Hb) values, sickling, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) statuses were also assessed using full blood count (FBC), sodium metabisulphite, and methaemoglobin reduction tests, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risks/odds ratios (ORs) for the coinfections and other variables (age, gravidity, and time of the first ANC visit) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and set p values for accepting any differences at <0.05. Results. Within the two-year study period, data were collected from 3,127 pregnant women. The mean age (SD) of the pregnant women was 28.5 (±5.0) years. Of the total number, seroprevalence was high for malaria (11.6%) and HBV infection (4.2%) and low for HIV infection (1.0%) and syphilis (0.4%) monoinfections. Mal/HBV coinfection was higher (0.7%) when compared with Mal/HIV (0.1%), Mal/syphilis (0.0%), HBV/HIV (0.0%), HBV/syphilis (0.1%), and HIV/syphilis (0.0%) coinfections. The mean Hb (g/dl) for the women with the four monoinfections was significantly different from one another (p=0.009). Pregnant women with malaria infection were about 2 times more likely to be coinfected with HBV even after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.04–2.65, p=0.031). Those in their third trimester and visiting the ANC for the first time were significantly less likely to be infected with HBV (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.28–0.73, p=0.001), with malaria/HBV coinfection (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01–0.68, p=0.020), and with any coinfection (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06–0.63, p=0.007). Conclusion. A comparatively high seroprevalence of malaria and its coinfection with HBV in pregnant women was observed in this study. Considering the effects that both malaria and HBV have on the liver, it would be expedient to conduct further studies to assess liver function among malaria/HBV-infected individuals, while interventions to prevent coinfections among pregnant women are intensified.

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Comparative study of DIPSI and WHO 2018 criteria for diagnosis of GDM

Nepal Medical College Journal ◽

10.3126/nmcj.v22i1-2.30023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1-2) ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

Biloni Shrestha ◽

L Pokhrel

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

College Teaching ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Single Step ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

International Consensus ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is an important public health problem. Prevalence has shown an increasing trend and varies based on diagnostic criteria used and the ethnic group studied. It is more common in Asia. Presently, there is no international consensus on the screening and diagnostic criteria for GDM. The Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) guidelines recommend the non-fasting 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as a single-step screening and diagnostic test for GDM, is simple, easy and more feasible. The objective of this study was to compare whether the DIPSI criteria is equally sensitive to WHO 2018 criteria. This was a hospital based cross-sectional study done at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Among 425 cases, 25 (5.88%) were diagnosed GDM, 6 (1.41%) were diagnosed only by DIPSI, 5 (1.18) only by WHO 2018 and 14 (3.29%) by both methods. The study showed that the sensitivity of DIPSI was 73.68% and specificity was 98.52%. The agreement between the DIPSI and WHO 2018 criteria ranged from 60% to 80% (Kappa value = 0.68). This study proves that DIPSI criteria is comparable to WHO 2018 criteria and can be adopted in our institution for the diagnosis of GDM as it is more feasible, easy and less expensive.

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Post COVID-19 Symptoms: A Neglected Domain

Indian Journal of Community Health ◽

10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i02.018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 325-328

Author(s):

Chhaya Mittal ◽

Abhishek Mishra ◽

Seema Jain ◽

Neelam S Gautam

Keyword(s):

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Present Cross Sectional Study ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Initial Recovery ◽

Body Ache

Background: COVID -19 is the most important public health problem of recent time. Most people who have COVID-19 recovers completely within a few weeks but some people continue to have symptoms after initial recovery. Objective: To assess the prevalence of Post COVID symptoms, to assess requirement of treatment and to make recommendation for Post COVID care. Methods: Present cross sectional study was done among patients who recovered from COVID-19 in Meerut district. Mobile numbers of COVID patients were obtained from records, Total 100 randomly selected patients were contacted using google form and information regarding post covid symptoms in between 6 weeks to 12 weeks after recovery from COVID was obtained. Result: 87%patients developed one or more post covid symptoms. Weakness was reported to be most common problem (55%), followed by body ache (26%) and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as difficulty in concentration and insomnia (22%). Every fifth patient reported that symptoms persisted for more than 1 month. Though most of the respondents classified their symptoms as mild and moderate (52.5% and 37.9% respectively), 47% of the symptomatic patients have to take some treatment for these symptoms. Conclusion: Post COVID symptoms are common but usually less severe . Some form of treatment was required to deal with problem. Almost one in five patients reported that symptoms persisted for more than one month. The results highlight the need for post Covid care for COVID recovered patients.

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Urinary incontinence among female patients attending a selected public hospital in Bangladesh

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20192796 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Shima Begum ◽

Khondoker Mahmuda Akter Halim ◽

Ratna Khatun ◽

Sharmin Islam ◽

A. B. M. Alauddin Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Uterine Prolapse ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Social Consequences ◽

Urethral Injury ◽

Care Seeking ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Patients ◽

The Mean

Background: Urinary incontinence is a frequent public health problem with negative social consequences, particularly for women. Women are much more susceptible to urinary incontinence than men. Female susceptibility is the result of anatomical, social, economic and cultural factors.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to find out the factors related to urinary incontinence, distribution of types of incontinence among female patients and their health care seeking behavior and socio-demographic characteristics among 121 adult female patients who attended the outpatient department of Gynae and Obstetrics department and Urology department of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital during the period of January to June 2016. Data were collected through face to face interview. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 43.42 years and the mean monthly income of the respondents was 17409.09 taka. Little above nine-tenths (91.7%) of the respondents were Muslim and the majority of the respondents (47.9%) were living in pacca house. More than seven-tenths (73.6%) of the respondents were married and over 35% of the respondents were illiterate. Among the respondents about 42.1% of them had pressure type of incontinence, followed by mixed incontinence (27.3%). Over 65% had some complication during delivery and little above six-tenths (61.2%) had gynecological problems.Conclusions: Female urinary incontinence is a frequent and a major embarrassing healthcare problem in Bangladesh. Patients who had complications during labor, having multipara, recurrent UTI, gynecological problem such as uterine prolapse, urethral injury, had high percentage of urinary incontinence. Patients with urinary incontinence should be encouraged to seek treatment early as the problem can be treated.

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Dengue: awareness, preventive practices and water storage behaviour in an urban community of Delhi

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175148 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 4460

Author(s):

Priya Arora ◽

Manisha Arora ◽

Vishal Sharma ◽

Atul Kotwal

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Water Storage ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Level ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Preventive Practices ◽

Study Results ◽

Dengue Control

Background: Dengue, an arboviral disease transmitted by Aedes egypti mosquito, has become an important public health problem, with almost half the population of the world being at risk. Community awareness and involvement for vector control is an important aspect of disease prevention and control. The aims and objective was to assess awareness and preventive practices used for dengue and related water storage behaviour in an urban area of Delhi. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross sectional study. Results: Awareness about dengue fever and its mode of spread is quite high but the participants are not aware about the practices that are putting their surroundings at risk of vector breeding; especially when it comes to water storage behaviour. Conclusions: Behaviour change at individual and community level is essential for vector and hence dengue control, adoption of proper preventive practices and water storage behaviour needs to be emphasized at the community level.

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PATTERN OF CANCER CASES REGISTERED IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN KATHUA DISTRICT OF J&K: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

10.36106/ijsr/0400712 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Deepak Abrol ◽

Anuj Kapoor ◽

Pawan Kumar

Keyword(s):

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Area Distribution ◽

The Government

Introduction:Cancer is an important public health problem in India, with 10 lakh new cases occurring every year in the year. Cancer pattern varies in different regions and depends on genetic, environmental, dietary, social and other factors. Aim and objectives: This study was undertaken to determine magnitude and pattern of cancer cases reporting in the hospital. Methodology: This was a hospital-based retrospective study undertaken in the Government Medical College Kathua. GMC, Kathua is one among st the ve new medical colleges established in Jammu & Kashmir. The records of cancer patients generated from 1st November 2018 to 1 November 2019 were analyzed. All the cancer cases who reported either for diagnosis in any of the hospital OPD or for the treatment (radiotherapy/ chemotherapy/ surgery) were included. Data was entered in the MS Excel for analysis Results: Out of total 272 patients registered, females accounted for 56.6% and males for 43.3%. Hindu patients were in majority (84.2%). Most of the cases (37.1%) were in the age group 60-80. Pattern of cancer was different in the two sexes. In males, maximum cases were of lung cancer and in females, Ca breast was the most common followed by the cervical cancer Conclusion: This hospital-based study indicates the cancer prole in Kathua district. Females were found to be more affected than that of males with majority of the cases in the late 40s age group. Rural area and urban area distribution was found to be almost similar.

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The pattern of suicide poisoning cases in the Tertiary care Centre in Chengalpet district, Tamil Nadu, India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212611 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 3512

Author(s):

R. Swaminathan Veerasamy ◽

V. Pragadeesh Raja ◽

T. Muthukumar ◽

A. Kalaivani

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Socioeconomic Status ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Suicide is an important public health problem, every year 800000 people due to suicide, Suicide is the third leading cause of death in 15-19-year-old only. Most (79%) of the suicide happened in low and middle-income countries. Among them consuming poisoning is 25.8%. In India 2019 incidence of suicides 10.4 per one lakh (1,00,000) of population. Tamil Nadu is the state of India sharing most of the suicide deaths, second position (9.7%) in 2019 next to Maharashtra (13.6%).Methods: This is a Hospital-based cross-sectional study, this study was conducted among suicide patients who consumed poison by using nonprobability, consecutive sampling. A pretested questionnaire was administered, and information regarding socio-demographic factors, type of poisoning, and outcome of poisoning was obtained. Statistical analysis was done through Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.Results: Of 111 suicide poisoning patients admitted, were female (50.5%) and the majority were from a rural area (70.3%). Among suicidal, tablet poisoning was predominant (27.7%), followed by Organophosphorus poisoning (26.8%) and rat killer poisoning (17.1%). The major reason for suicidal poisoning was family problems (58.6%), and the majority of Suicidal poisoning was more among the age group of 11–30 years (67.6%) and middle socioeconomic status (50.5%). The majority of patients were admitted to the hospital with median days of 2 days (range 1-12). Among 111 patients 109 are cured and discharged and death of 2 cases.Conclusions: Suicides are avoidable and preventable deaths, there are so many measures are there in individuals levels particularly high-risk persons and community level also. So many poisoning cases are tablets and organophosphorus so to take steps for reducing access for that like legislative measures and regulations. Early identification of the mentally disturbed persons and to give counselling.

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Prevalence of COVID symptoms, their severity and duration: a gender based analysis

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 4463

Author(s):

Abhishek Kumar Mishra ◽

Chhaya Mittal ◽

Tanveer Bano ◽

Arun Kumar ◽

Ganesh Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attack Rate ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Severity Of Illness ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Face Mask ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Gender Based

Background: COVID -19 is the most important public health problem of recent time. Approximately (60%) of those infected develop symptoms. Study is needed to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 symptoms, their severity and duration, secondary attack rate and COVID-19 appropriate behaviour for prevention and control of infection. The aim was to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 symptoms, secondary attack rate and COVID-19 appropriate behaviour of infected person.Methods: Present cross sectional study was done among patients who recovered from COVID-19 in Meerut district. After obtaining mobile numbers of patients, they were asked about their experience about pre-COVID, COVID and post-COVID period. Total 100 patients were contacted using simple random sampling and information was collected on predesigned Google form.Results: Out of total respondents 98% developed one or more symptoms. Fever was reported to be most common problem (72%) followed by body ache (62%). Most classified their symptoms as mild and moderate (36% and 43% respectively). There was no statistically significant difference for duration and severity of illness based on gender. While 21% categorized their symptoms as severe and very severe. All 100% patients followed COVID-19 appropriate behaviour post infection frequent hand washing and use of sanitizer being the most common behaviour (79%). Other commonly followed COVID-19 appropriate behaviours were use of face mask (68%), maintaining distance of more than 6 feet (65%).Conclusions: COVID-19 symptoms are common among patients but are usually less severe. Most of the patients are following COVID-19 appropriate behaviour to lessen burden of infection to others. Results also highlight the need of early testing to reduce infection in family members.

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A Study on Assessment of Knowledge and To Create Awareness Regarding COVID-19 Infection and Its Preventive Measures among Health Care Students and Non-Health Care Students

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research ◽

10.52403/ijshr.20210420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 108-116

Author(s):

Ch. O. V. Nagateja ◽

P. Bhavya Sree ◽

G. Padma Sri

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Care Students ◽

Healthcare Students ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Organization

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) declared covid-19 as a pandemic on 11th march 2020. Since no treatment is available, following preventive measures is only the effective way to stop the spread of covid-19. This study aimed to assess knowledge regarding covid-19 and its preventive measures and to create awareness about covid-19 among healthcare students and non-healthcare students. Methods: An online cross sectional study was conducted in 2 months i.e., from 1st Aug. 2020 to 30th Sept. 2020 among healthcare students and non-health care students. To determine the scoring of questionnaire, mean of knowledge scores and standard deviation were calculated. Results: A total of 766 students were participated in this study. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 23. Males were 496 and females were 270. Health care students were 423 and 343 students are non-health care students. Overall knowledge about covid-19 infection was good among 480 students, average among 183 students and was poor among 103 students. The mean knowledge score of healthcare students (8.41) is higher than non-health care students (6.11) towards covid-19 infection and its preventive measures. Conclusion: This study reveals that majority of the students were knowledgeable about covid-19 infection and its preventive measures. The mean knowledge score of healthcare students (8.41) is higher than non-health care students (6.11) indicating that the health care students have more knowledge. Though the overall knowledge on covid-19 was good enough among health care students and non-health care students, still there is a need for education to increase knowledge especially among non-health care students. Keywords: SARS-COV 2 virus, Covid-19 infection, health care students, non-healthcare students, knowledge, awareness, India.

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EXPOSURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF NOISE POLLUTION AMONG RESIDENTS OF BICHI TOWN, KANO STATE, NIGERIA

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2021-0502-626 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 151-157

Author(s):

Muktar A. Gadanya ◽

Imrana A. Buhari

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Effects ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Noise Pollution ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Living Condition ◽

Technological Advancement ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional

Environmental pollution is the most important public health problem densely in populated areas in the developing countries and often the underlying cause of many diseases of public health importance. Noise pollution is an undesirable sound that interferes with wellbeing in the environment with significant effects. With the current rapid growth and technological advancement, noise pollution is increasingly becoming environmental menace that deserves appropriate attention in order to mitigate its health effects. This paper aims to determine the sources, awareness and health effects of noise pollution in a typical Nigerian sub-urban population. Descriptive cross-sectional study using interviewer administered questionnaire and measurement of environmental noise using acoustic metre. Majority of the respondents (75.8%) were exposed to noise levels above the 55dB WHO safe noise level without health effects. Power generators, automobiles and grinding machines are the commonest sources of noise pollution in the studied environment amounted to a value of 55.8%, 40% and 35.8% respectively and to a lesser extent hawker (16.4%) and loudspeaker (9.6%) among others. Sleep disturbance, headache, and poor concentration were commonly reported effects of noise in the environment with magnitudes of 52.7%, 50.9%, 15.8% respectively. Anxiety (12.1%) and hearing disturbances (11.5%) were also common. Noise pollution associated health problems are common in the community with significant effects on the quality of life of the inhabitants. Stable power supply, effective legislation and improvement in living condition of the people are key to minimize noise pollution and avert its deleterious health effects

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