EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF BIOPREPARATIONS IN THE CULTIVATION OF PERENNIAL LEGUME HERBS

The loss of crop following insect attack on cotton was studied in 1950–54 at the Cotton Research Station, Namulonge, which is situated in the elephant-grass zone of Uganda, in which the principal pest of cotton was originally considered to be Lygus vosseleri Popp. In 1953, the main invasion of cotton by Lygus occurred during September and October, originating from cultivated crops of black gram (Phaseolus mungo) and sorghum and from the wild perennial legume, Pseudarthria sp., which earlier workers had considered important. Trials in this zone have demonstrated, over a number of years, that early June is the optimum date for sowing cotton, although such sowings receive the heaviest attack by L. vosseleri. Experiments to determine the maximum loss of yield due to Lygus should therefore be made with cotton sown at this time. Bollworms are also important pests, notably Heliothis armigera (Hb.) and Earias spp., their attacks following those of Lygus and being heaviest in October–November.

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Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin for cow feeding

Кормопроизводство ◽

10.25685/krm.2019.2019.36017 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

В. Волошин ◽

Н. Морозков

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Red Clover ◽

Exchange Energy ◽

Control Group ◽

Forage Production ◽

Legume Crop ◽

Perennial Legume

По результатам научных исследований, выполненных за ряд лет в растениеводстве и животноводстве, показана целесообразность интродукции в кормопроизводство Пермского края новой многолетней бобовой культуры эспарцета песчаного. По четырёхлетним наблюдениям (2012 2015 годы) в полевых опытах культура не уступала по урожайности кормовой массы традиционному для региона клеверу луговому, а по концентрации обменной энергии и сырого протеина в сухом веществе была на уровне клевера лугового и люцерны изменчивой, но в разы превосходила их по содержанию сахара. Сенаж это единственный вид зимнего корма, максимально сохраняющий обменную энергию, протеин, сахар, каротин, достаточно концентрированный, чтобы обеспечивать потребности высокопродуктивных животных. В 2018 году на Лобановском молочном комплексе ООО Русь в Пермском районе Пермского края были проведены научнохозяйственный и физиологический опыты по скармливанию сенажа из эспарцета песчаного голштинизированным коровам чёрнопёстрой породы. При использовании сенажа из эспарцета песчаного животные в сутки потребляли сухого вещества на 2,3 3,9 кг на голову больше по сравнению с группой, где в рационе было сено (контроль). В результате использования сенажа из эспарцета песчаного переваримость сухого вещества рациона у опытных групп животных была выше на 2,55 5,80 по сравнению с контрольной органического вещества на 2,54 4,14 . За учётный период научнохозяйственного опыта (120 дней) от коров опытных групп получено по 399327,2 и 414431,9 кг молока, что со средней степенью достоверности выше продуктивности животных контрольной группы (391045,4). По содержанию молочного жира и молочного белка преимущество достоверно также было за опытными группами. Затраты корма на 1 кг молока составили в контроле 0,74 энергетических корм. ед. (ЭКЕ), в опытных группах 0,71 и 0,69 ЭКЕ. Hungarian sainfoin was shown to be an effective perennial legume crop in the forage production of the Perm Territory. For 4 years (2012 2015) this crop produced forage mass, exchange energy and crude protein comparable to the ones of red clover and bastard alfalfa but exceeded them significantly in carbohydrate content. Haylage is the only type of winter forage that has sufficient concentrations of exchange energy, protein, carbohydrates and carotene, satisfying needs of highproductive livestock in nutrients. Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin was fed to Holstein BlackandWhite cows in the frame of experiments conducted in 2018. Cows consumed 2.3 3.9 kg more of dry matter (DM) with the haylage, compared to hay (control). Digestibilities of DM and organic matter were 2.55 5.80 and 2.54 4.14 higher than in the control group, respectively. For 120 days the experimental groups produced 3993 27.2 and 4144 31.9 kg of milk versus 3910 45.4 kg of the control one. The former also exceeded the latter in milk fat and protein contents. Fodder costs per 1 kg of milk amounted to 0.74 energy feed units in the control and 0.71 and 0.69 energy feed units in the experimental groups.

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The Role Of Perennial Grasses In The Protection Of Soil Resources Of Erosive Ecosystems With Active Development Of Linear Erosion

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/901/1/012007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 901 (1) ◽

pp. 012007

Author(s):

V M Kosolapov ◽

V I Cherniavskih ◽

E V Dumacheva ◽

M N Marinich ◽

L D Sajfutdinova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Grass Species ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Perennial Legume ◽

The Stability

Abstract We evaluated the stability of perennial legume and cereal grass species in artificial plant communities on permanent anti-erosion watercourses in the agroecosystems of the Belgorod region with active development of linear soil erosion. In the conditions of steppe and forest-steppe zones of the Belgorod region on permanently grassed watercourses in 2017-2019. varieties of perennial leguminous and cereal grasses: ‘Krasnoyaruzhskaya 1’ and ‘Krasnoyaruzhskaya 2’ (Medicago varia), ‘Kazatsky’ (Trifolium pratense), ‘Olshanka’ and ‘Ivica’ (Festuca arundinacea), ‘Streletsky’ and ‘Stepnyak’ (Lolium perenne)) obtained using local genetic material were studied. All varieties showed their resistance in agro-ecosystems with active development of linear erosion in the forest-steppe and steppe zones. Projective cover on watercourses in the steppe zone in all variants of experience was on average 83,4 %, in the forest-steppe zone - 86,3 %. In the third year of the tests on permanently irrigated watercourses in the steppe zone, the share of cereal and legume grass species was quite high and varied from 88 % in the variant M. varia + Onobrychis arenaria to 92 % in the variants M. varia + Bromopsis inermis and O. arenaria. In the forest-steppe zone, the share of cereal and legume grass species varied from 86 % in the variant L. perenne to 94 % in the variant L. perenne + B. inermis.

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Improvement of crop rotations aimed at increasing their efficiency and conserving soil fertility in conditions of biological intensification

Agricultural science Euro-North-East ◽

10.30766/2072-9081.2019.20.5.467-477 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 467-477

Author(s):

L. M. Kozlova ◽

E. N. Noskova ◽

F. A. Popov

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Green Manure ◽

Humus Content ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Grain Legume ◽

Field Crop ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Positive Balance ◽

Perennial Legume ◽

Bare Fallow

The long-term research conducted in 2002-2017 in a long stationary experiment on studying different types of field crop rotations under conditions of the Kirov region showed that on sod-podzolic soils the loss of humus could be lowered using agro technical methods. The most critical of them include the reduction of a portion of bare fallow, transition to sown and green-manure fallow, expanded use of perennial legume and grain-legume crops and intercrop sowings. In eight-field crop rotations when using such means of a biologization as plowing of the root-stubble residues, aboveground mass of green-manure crops in fallow fields and intercrop sowings, the supply of organic substance was within 17.24-83.03 t/ha. By mineral-ization of this substance 7.64-11.51 t of humus were produced. In a crop rotation with bare fallow there is a negative balance of humus of -0.06 t/ha. The positive balance is obtained when using sown, green-manure fallows, intercrop sowings (two-three fields), and introduction of up to 25% perennial legumes to the structure of crop rotations. The formation of 0.96-1.44 t/ha of humus in the arable layer provides positive balance of 0.20-0.72 t/ha. The increase of the part of grain crops up to 62.5-75.0% in the structure of crop rotations resulted in rise of their efficiency up to 4.74-4.79 thousand fodder units. It was 0.27-0.32 thousand fodder units higher than in the control crop rotation with bare fallow. Dependence of productivity of agricultural crops on humus content was insignificantly negative (r = -0.16). The efficiency of the studied crop rotations depended considerably on the amount of productive moisture in the soil in a phase of ear formation of grain crops (r = -0.78) and on biological activity of the soil (r = -0.80).

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Influence of hydrothermal conditions on the productivity of perennial grasses in South Steppe of Ukraine

Feeds and Feed Production ◽

10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo201988-04 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 27-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. F. Petrychenko ◽

L. K. Antypova ◽

N. V. Tsurkan

Keyword(s):

Weather Conditions ◽

Bromus Inermis ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Hydrothermal Conditions ◽

Green Mass ◽

Melilotus Albus ◽

Perennial Legume ◽

Favorable Weather ◽

Perennial Legumes ◽

Similar Yield

The purpose is to determine the productivity of perennial legume and cereal grasses under conditions of natural moisture supply in South Steppe of Ukraine. Method. The studies were conducted during 2016—2018 using conventional methods, and the output of feed units, digestible protein per unit of area was determined by reference books. Results. On average over three years of research, the highest yield of leaf-stem mass of cereals was formed by Bromus inermis and Elytrigia medium tender – 11.6 and 11.2 t/ha, respectively. The lowest yield was formed by Agropyrum pectiniforme – 7.6 t/ha. Among the all legume grasses, Melilotus albus prevailed (14.8 t/ha). Medicago sativa and Onobrychis arenaria were able to form a similar yield (14.5 and 13.5 t/ha, respectively) under the arid conditions of South Steppe of Ukraine. Insufficient rainfall in 2017 caused a decrease in the productivity of the studied crops. Thus, in 2017 the average yield of green mass in the experiment was 10.3 t/ha, while in 2016 under more favorable weather conditions this figure was 13.2 t/ha or 28.2 % more. The highest output of feed and protein units (FPU) per unit of area under cereal grasses was provided by Bromus inermis (2.35 t/ha). The lowest one was recorded in Agropyrum pectiniforme (1.60 t/ha). FPU output per unit of area under legume grasses increased respectively. Lotus corniculatus provides less green mass and therefore dry matter and forage and protein units. Perennial cereals grasses do not prevail over legume grasses, so they do not spread in South Ukraine. Conclusions. The productivity of perennial grasses in the south of Ukraine significantly depends on the type of plants, weather (hydrothermal) conditions of the year. The most effective is the cultivation of perennial legumes, namely Melilotus albus, alfalfa, Onobrychis arenaria. Bromus inermis and Elytrigia medium prevail among cereal grasses.

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The search for alternative temperate perennial pasture species for low to medium rainfall environments in Tasmania

NZGA: Research and Practice Series ◽

10.33584/rps.16.2016.3239 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 275-279

Author(s):

E.J. Hall ◽

R. Reid ◽

B. Clark ◽

R. Dent

Keyword(s):

Perennial Grass ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Red Clover ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Grass Species ◽

Sheep Grazing ◽

Cool Temperate ◽

Perennial Legume ◽

Perennial Legumes ◽

Pasture Plants

In response to the need to find better adapted and more persistent perennial pasture plants for the dryland pastures in the cool-temperate low to medium rainfall (500-700 mm) regions, over 1000 accessions representing 24 species of perennial legumes and 64 species of perennial grasses, were introduced, characterised and evaluated for production and persistence under sheep grazing at sites throughout Tasmania. The work has identified four alternative legume species in Talish Clover (Trifolium tumens). Caucasian Clover (T. ambiguum), Stoloniferous Red Clover (T. pratense var. stoloniferum), Lucerne x Yellow Lucerne Hybrid (Medicago sativa x M.sativa subsp. falcata); and two grass species in Coloured Brome (Bromus coloratus) and Hispanic Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata var hispanica). Keywords: persistence, perennial grass, perennial legume

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Scarification of Seeds as an Increasing Element of Perennial Legume Grasses Productivity

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/1059/1/012011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1059 ◽

pp. 012011 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A P Shevchenko ◽

A V Bankrutenko ◽

V S Koval ◽

M A Begunov ◽

E V Demchuk

Keyword(s):

Perennial Legume

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Pre-dispersal seed predation by the weevils Trichapion rostrum and Tychius sordidus limits reproductive output of Baptisia alba (Fabaceae)

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2016-0329 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (8) ◽

pp. 809-817 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ashley M. Hembrough ◽

Victoria A. Borowicz

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Seed Predation ◽

Reproductive Output ◽

Pollen Limitation ◽

Reproductive Potential ◽

Prairie Restoration ◽

Seed Number ◽

Nutrient Supplementation ◽

Perennial Legume ◽

Herbaceous Perennial

Baptisia alba (L.) Vent., an herbaceous, perennial legume, produces more flowers than will mature into pods. Single-year experiments on two reconstructed prairies tested the hypothesis that reproductive potential of B. alba depends on nutrients, but pollen limitation and pre-dispersal seed predation by weevils reduce final production. Ramets were assigned one of four treatments that were combinations of fertilizer (none/70 g fertilizer twice) and insect barrier (none/application of Tanglefoot). Within inflorescences, flowers were naturally pollinated or supplemented with pollen. Fertilizer produced no effects, suggesting that B. alba are unresponsive within a season to nutrient supplementation. Pollen supplementation increased pod initiation at the two sites by 6.7% and 2.3%, respectively, but did not affect the proportion of initiated pods that matured or seed number within pods. Where Tychius sordidus occurred, only 67 pods matured on 19 ramets and only four seeds survived. Where only Trichapion rostrum was present, insect barrier increased pod maturation almost three-fold, but did not affect seed number within pods. Barrier treatment increased the reproductive output of entire ramets by increasing seed production, from 3.6 seeds·ramet−1 to 60.5 seeds·ramet−1. Prairie restoration frequently uses fruit collected from other populations. Managers should be careful to avoid the unintended introduction of voracious seed predators.

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Floral morphology and pollination system in the native Australian perennial pasture legume Cullen australasicum (syn. Psoralea australasica)

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp10193 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan-Jing Wang ◽

Ramakrishnan M. Nair ◽

Chun-Sheng Mu ◽

Ian S. Dundas

Keyword(s):

Floral Morphology ◽

South Australia ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Electron Microscopy Study ◽

Stigma Receptivity ◽

Wide Range ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Perennial Legume ◽

Stigma Morphology ◽

Scanning Electron

Cullen australasicum (syn. Psoralea australasica) is a native perennial legume with potential in the low-rainfall wheatbelt of southern Australia. The objective of this study was to investigate the reproductive biology of C. australasicum utilising five accessions. Glasshouse and field pollination experiments were conducted in Adelaide, South Australia. Floral morphology, stigma receptivity and pollen : ovule ratios were determined. Pollen tube growth and stigma morphology were examined using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes. Glasshouse pollination studies indicated that four of the accessions showed the need for an external tripping agent to bring about pollination and that hand-tripping was the most efficient method. A scanning electron microscopy study revealed there are two types of stigmas in this species. Stigma receptivity was significantly lower at the early bud stage before anther dehiscence. The results show that C. australasicum is a self-compatible species comprising accessions with a wide range of outcrossing potential.

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Establishment of leucaena in Australia

Tropical Grasslands - Forrajes Tropicales ◽

10.17138/tgft(7)104-111 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 104-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stuart Buck ◽

Joe Rolfe ◽

Craig Lemin ◽

Bernie English

Keyword(s):

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Management Practices ◽

Northern Territory ◽

Northern Australia ◽

High Productivity ◽

Keynote Paper ◽

Significant Research ◽

Grazing Systems ◽

Perennial Legume

Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala ssp. glabrata) is a highly productive tropical perennial legume used primarily in extensive beef grazing systems across northern Australia. Its productivity provides substantial benefits to grazing businesses and economically significant areas of leucaena have been established in Queensland, with much smaller areas in both the Northern Territory and Western Australia. Specific environmental conditions (particularly soil type) and management practices are required to obtain reliable establishment and high productivity from leucaena-grass grazing systems. Significant research, development and extension have been undertaken in northern Australia, particularly in central Queensland, resulting in management packages which ensure establishment reliability and long-term productivity. However expansion into new areas can be constrained by regionally specific establishment issues. Adaptation of known establishment and management practices together with research and development are required for leucaena-grass grazing systems in new regions.

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