Relevance and cognitive style: on the double characterization of science in Alfred Schutz

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
Ken Takakusa
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Scientific Attitude ◽  
Life World ◽  
Multiple Realities ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Basic Concepts

This paper reveals Schutz's double characterization of science. First, he characterizes science as a modification of interest and relevance. This is compatible with his basic view of science as embedded in the life-world. Second, in contrast, he often excludes working and communication from his argument on science and characterizes science as a pure cogitation. By critically examining the distinction between scientific attitude and scientific activity as well as the concept of cognitive style, this paper concludes that the second characterization proposed by Schutz is untenable. In addition, this paper indicates that the second characterization experienced a significant change from On Multiple Realities to Symbol, Reality, and Society. Although Schutz has been challenged by contemporary science studies because of his ineffectiveness to deal with scientific activity, the careful and critical examination of his argument allows a positive interpretation of his theory as offering basic concepts for the investigation of scientific activity.

scholarly journals Discussion on the Usefulness of Social and Humanitarian Knowledge in Contemporary Science (Social Aspects)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Anatoly M. Ablazhey
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Foreign Science

The author analyzes the place and role of the humanities in the modern structure of scientific activity from the point of view of utility. You can see that discussions of this kind are characteristic not only of domestic, but also foreign science. There are numerous examples of substantiation of general cultural, ideological and narrowly utilitarian understanding of the usefulness of humanitarian knowledge in a modern university. The conclusion offers our own interpretations of the answer to the posed questions.

A new model system for endometritis: Basic concepts and characterization of phenotypic and functional properties of bovine uterine neutrophils

1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1339-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zerbe ◽  
H.-J. Schuberth ◽  
M. Hoedemaker ◽  
E. Grunert ◽  
W. Leibold
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Model System ◽  
New Model ◽  
Basic Concepts

Hierarchies

2003 ◽  
pp. 91-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaheh Pourabbas ◽  
Maurizio Rafanelli
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Points Of View

In this chapter we will focus on the rules of aggregation hierarchies in analysis dimensions of a cube. We give an overview of the related works on the basic concepts of the different types of aggregation hierarchies. We then discuss the hierarchies from two different points of view: mapping between domain values and hierarchical structures. In relation to them, we introduce the characterization of some OLAP operators on hierarchies and give a set of operators that concern the change in the hierarchy structure. Finally, we propose an enlargement of the operator set concerning hierarchies.

scholarly journals Transformations in Breakthrough Research: The Emergence of Mirnas as a Research Routine in Molecular Biology

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Kawalec
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Social Studies Of Science ◽  
New Public ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Emerging Topics

Abstract Of the three main areas of science studies that emerged after WWII (Kawalec, 2018), namely social studies of science, economics of knowledge and scientometrics, it was the latter that gained particular prominence in science policy around the 1990’s with the advent of New Public Management (Pollitt, Thiel, & Homburg, 2007). One of its focal areas has been identification of emerging topics in science. They are incessantly assumed to be an outcome of a simple cumulative progress of scientific knowledge (Price, 1976; Merton, 1988; Bird, 2007; Fochler, 2016). In my paper I challenge this assumption of simple cumulativity and argue that the emergence of breakthrough topics in science is preceded by a sequence of transformation phases. Using the example of “microRNA&cancer” as an emergent topic identified by a quantitative analysis of a large dataset of publications (Small et al. 2014) I demonstrate that the proposed analysis of transformation phases complements big data quantitative analyses with theoretical understanding of the dynamics mechanism and, in effect, leads to a more adequate characterization of the topic itself as well as a more precise identification of the source publications. While the proposed method uses a more complex (meso-level) unit of analysis (i.e. “research routines”) instead of citations and co-occurrence of single publications (micro-level), it integrates quantitative with qualitative analyses.

Contemporary science studies with or without hidden Marxist roots?

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Lada V. Shipovalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Science Studies ◽  
Contemporary Science

scholarly journals Moral dilemmas in professions of public trust and the assumptions of ethics of social consequences

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Dubiel-Zielińska
Keyword(s):  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
General Description ◽  
Moral Dimension ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The aim of the article is to show the possibility of applying assumptions from ethics of social consequences when making decisions about actions, as well as in situations of moral dilemmas, by persons performing occupations of public trust on a daily basis. Reasoning in the article is analytical and synthetic. Article begins with an explanation of the basic concepts of “profession” and “the profession of public trust” and a manifestation of the difference between these terms. This is followed by a general description of professions of public trust. The area and definition of moral dilemmas is emphasized. Furthermore, representatives of professions belonging to them are listed. After a brief characterization of axiological foundations and the main assumptions of ethics of social consequences, actions according to Vasil Gluchman and Włodzimierz Galewicz are discussed and actions in line with ethics of social consequences are transferred to the practical domain. The article points out that actions in professional life are obligatory, impermissible, permissible, supererogatory and unmarked in the moral dimension. In the final part of the article an afterthought is included on how to solve moral dilemmas when in the position of a representative of the profession of public trust. The article concludes with a summary report containing the conclusions that stem from ethics of social consequences for professions of public trust, followed by short examples.

Gedruckte Gebrauchsgegenstände mit lexikographischen Formeigenschaften

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-308
Author(s):  
Herbert Ernst Wiegand
Keyword(s):  
Critical Examination ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Application Domain ◽  
Telephone Directory ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Formal Properties ◽  
Dictionary Use ◽  
Cross Reference ◽  
Intensional Definition

AbstractAs an introduction the typological position of printed utility tools with formal properties of a lexicographic nature (hereafter abbreviated as GlexFE) is determined within a typology of utility tools. This follows an extensional and intensional definition of GlexFE. Using examples a number of concepts are then informally introduced and it is shown that why and when the action-theoretically based theory of dictionary use can also be employed for a theory-based description of the use of GlexFE. The central part of this paper gives a detailed and critical examination of a regional telephone directory with special reference to its text compound constituents, its arrangement structures, its cross-reference culture, its telephone directory functions and its textual architecture. It is shown that the theory of dictionary structures allows detailed examinations and that it is so robust that it functions well and renders informative results without changing its basic concepts when expanding its application domain to include GlexFE. The analysis clearly shows that the compilation of a good telephone directory also needs lexicographic-theoretical knowledge.

scholarly journals Profil Pemahaman Konsep Siswa pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linier Tiga Variabel Ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-170
Author(s):  
Didik Suliswanto ◽  
Dwi Juniati ◽  
Pradnyo Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Concept Understanding ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Linear Equation System ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Basic Concepts

Understanding of the concept is needed in studying mathematics, including the topic of the Three Variable Linear Equation System (SPLTV). In fact, there are still many students who don't understand the basic concepts well. The research subjects were students in grade 10 high school, each consisting of one student with field independent and field dependent cognitive style. The research instrument which were used consisted of a concept understanding test and interview guidelines. Data analysis was done through data reduction procedures, data exposure, and making conclusions. The resulting research showed that the field independent students understanding to the concept of SPLTV, namely students stated that the meaning of SPLTV used their own language without being stuck with the notation from SPLTV and students gave examples and non-examples of SPLTV. In addition, in solving problems students are able to use the SPLTV concept well. As the results of the research, the students' understanding of field dependent on the concept of SPLTV is that students explained that the notion of SPLTV was still stuck with the notation of the existing SPLTV and students give examples and non-examples of SPLTV. Moreover, in solving problems, students are less able to use the SPLTV concept well.

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