scholarly journals Use of phosphorus by cow’s breast tissue in the lactation periods during the day

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Лариса Плюта
Keyword(s):  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
The Third ◽  
Arterial Blood

The article examined the use of Phosphorus by cows of Phosphorus breast tissue during the day and lactation. In the new lactation period, on average, 0.14±0.028 mmol/l, or 9.46 % of the Phosphorus from the inflowing blood, was absorbed by the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue from the first to the second milking. In the period from the second (lunchtime) to the third (evening) milking, the following dynamics use of Phosphorus by cows of Phosphorus breast tissue was established. Two hours after the first milking, breast tissue absorbed 0.19±0.038 mmol/l of Phosphorus (12.92 %) from the inflowing blood. In the fourth hour after milking the use of Phosphorus by cows of Phosphorus breast tissue decreased and was to 10.52 %, or 0.16±0.032 mmol/l. Six hours after milking, breast tissue reduced Phosphorus adsorption from inflowing blood to 0.09±0.018 mmol/l and increased its use by eight hours after milking to 0.12±0.024 mmol/l. On average, from the second (afternoon) to the third (evening) milking, the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue used 8.72 % of Phosphorus from the inflowing blood. In the second and fourth hours after the third (evening) milking, the breast tissue used Phosphorus at almost the same level – 0.18±0.036 mmol/l and 0.17±0.034 mmol/l, or 12.08 % and 11.72 %. For six hours, the adsorption of Phosphorus by breast tissue decreased to 0.10±0.020 mmol/l and increased by eight hours to 0.14±0.028 mmol/l. On average, in the new lactation period from evening to the morning milking the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue adsorbed 0.13±0.026 mmol/l of Phosphorus from arterial blood, or 8.84 % of its content in arterial blood.  On average, in the period from the third evening until the morning milking during the new milking period the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue adsorbed 0.13±0.026 mmol/l of Phosphorus from arterial blood, or 8.84 % of its content in arterial blood. In the mid-lactation, the use of Phosphorus by the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue had some dynamics. Two hours after the first milking, 0.12±0.024 mmol/l of Phosphorus, or 7.74 % was absorbed by breast tissue from arterial blood. On average, from the first to the second milking, the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue absorbed 0.09±0.016 mmol/l, or 6.19 % of Phosphorus. On average, from the second (lunchtime) to the third (evening) milking the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue used 6.38 % of Phosphorus from inflowing to them blood. It should be noted that as in the period of new milking, from the second to the third milking breast tissue adsorbed Phosphorus from the inflowing blood more intensively. Before the third (evening) milking the breast tissue absorbed 0.08±0.016 mmol/l of Phosphorus (5.09 %). Two hours after milking, this indicator increased by 1.56 times (р<0,001). Four hours after milking the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue reduced the Phosphorus adsorption significantly from the inflowing blood (0.09±0.018 mmol/l). Subsequently, in the sixth and eighth hours after the third milking the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue adsorbed Phosphorus from the inflowing blood at the level of 0.07±0.014 and 0.05±0.01 mmol/l. On average, from the time of the third to the first milking the cow&apos;s breast tissue reduced Phosphorus using by 2.80 times (р<0,001).  In the middle of lactation, the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue adsorbed 0.092±0.018 mmol/l, or 6.03 % of Phosphorus on average, which is 1.28 times less than in the first lactation period (р<0,01). During the day, the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue reduced Phosphorus using from the inflowing blood from milking to milking by 2.41 times (р<0,001). It was found that during the decline lactation period cows of Phosphorus breast tissue practically did not reduce the absorption of Phosphorus from the inflowing blood. On average, during the decline lactation period cow&apos;s breast tissue used 0,085±0,016 mmol/l of phosphorus from the inflowing blood. We found that 6.48 % of phosphorus from inflowing arterial blood was used by cows of Phosphorus breast tissue during lactation in providing the cows of Phosphorus organism according to the feeding norms. In general, the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue reduced the using of Phosphorus during the day in milking period by 1,21 times, 2.41 times in the middle of lactation and 1.51 times during the lactation decline while providing the cows with nutrients according to feeding norms (р<0,001). In the new milking period the using of Phosphorus by cows of Phosphorus breast tissue was 8,78  %, in the middle of lactation – 6.03 % and 5.70 % during the period of lactation decline. In the new milking period cows of Phosphorus breast tissue absorbed 8,78 % of Phosphorus from arterial blood, which is 1.45 times more than in the middle of lactation and 1.54 times more than in the period of lactation decline.

scholarly journals Use of magnesium by cow’s breast tissue in the lactation periods during the day

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
L. Pluta
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
New Period ◽  
The New Period ◽  
Breast Tissues

The article is presented daily dynamics of the magnesium using of cow’s mammary gland during the new lactation period. During the time from milking to milking the breast tissue in the new lactation period absorbed and released Magnesium into the flowing out blood. In general, the use of Magnesium by the tissues of the cow’s mammary gland during the new lactation period during the time of the first milking ranged from 1.44±0.288 to 1.46±0.292 mmol/l. Magnesium from the incoming blood. For the fourth hour after milking, the breast tissue of the cows was absorbed only 0.01±0.002 mmol/l of Magnesium, or 0.68%. By the sixth hour after milking the breast tissue secrete 0.01 ± 0.002 mmol/l of Magnesium in the flowing out blood, and they absorbed the same amount of Magnesium for eight hours after milking. It should be noted that during the period from the first to the second milking breast tissue absorbed only 0.003±0.0006 mmol/l of Magnesium, which is 0.21 % of its content in arterial blood. From the second to the third milking breast tissue used Magnesium in small quantities. In the second hour after milking, they absorbed 0.02 ± 0.004 mmol/l of Magnesium from the incoming blood. In the fourth and sixth hours of the second milking only 0.70 % of Magnesium content in the arterial blood (0.01±0.002 mmol/l) was used by breast tissue. At eight hours after milking, breast tissue secretes 0.70 % of Magnesium (0.01±0.002 mmol/l) into the blood. From the second to the third milking, on average, the cow’s breast tissue of absorbed 0.007±0.0014 mmol/l of Magnesium, which is 1.48 % of its content in the arterial blood. During the period from the third evening to the first morning milking breast tissues for the second and fourth hours after the third milking absorbed 0.01±0.002 mmol/l of Magnesium. In the sixth and eighth hours after milking the cow’s breast tissue excreted 0.01±0.002 mmol/l of Magnesium into flowing out from the breast blood. During the period from the third to the first milking cow’s breast tissue absorbed only 0.005±0.001 mmol/l of Magnesium, which is 1.4 times less (p<0.001) than after the second milking, which is 0.35 %. On average per day cow’s breast tissue absorbed 0.005±0.001 mmol/l of Magnesium, which is only 0.35 % of its content in arterial blood. During the day, the breast tissue of cows in the period of milking isolated Magnesium in the blood from the breast at the level of 0.28 %.During the period of lactation recession the use of Magnesium by cows breast tissue had a corresponding characteristic. It should be noted, breast tissue of cows was excreted Magnesium in the flowing out blood only for the second hour after milking during the period from the first to the second milking (- 0.01±0.002 mmol/l, or 0.69 %). Breast tissue of cows absorbed Magnesium at the level 0.01±0.002 mmol/l in the next hour after the milking. Breast tissue of the cows did not absorb Magnesium from the incoming to them blood in the sixth and eighth hours after milking the. Breast tissue of cows did not adsorb Magnesium from the blood flowing to the breast the incoming blood in the period from the third to the first milking. Breast tissue absorbed it from incoming blood and released into the flowing out blood wavily during the period from the second to the third milking. In the second hour after milking the breast tissue of cows excreted 0.01±0.002 mmol/l of Magnesium into the blood, for the fourth hour absorbed Magnesium in the same amount. Magnesium only on the second hour after milking. In the following, at the fourth, sixth and eight hours after milking breast tissue was excreted in the flowing out from the breast of cows blood at the level of 0.02±0.004 mmol/l and 0.01±0.002 mmol/l of Magnesium. On average, from the third (evening) to the first (morning) milking of the breast tissue excreted Magnesium into the flowing out blood at the level -0.002±0.0004 mmol/l, or 0.13 %. In general during the day, breast tissue of cows during the period of lactation recession, Magnesium was excreted into the flowing out blood at the level of 0.02±0.004 mmol/l, or 0.14 %, which is 2.5 times and 1.5 times less than in the middle of lactation less than in the new-period of lactation (p<0.01).

scholarly journals The Effects of Vibroacoustically Induced Microvibrations on Arterial Blood Pressure and Oxidative Stress in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Dusko Kornjaca ◽  
Vladimir Zivkovic ◽  
Nevena Barudzic ◽  
Vladimir Jakovljevic ◽  
Dragan Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Arterial Blood

ABSTRACT Vibroacoustics, a scientific field that has been intensively studied for the last thirty years, uses the properties of sound waves (infrasound, ultrasound, noise and music) to induce vibrations that, like a sound wave, may have both useful and harmful effects. Th e aim of this study was to examine the effects of vibroacoustically induced microvibrations on arterial blood pressure and markers of oxidative stress in the blood. Th e experiments were performed on Wistar male rats that had a 180-200 g body mass and were divided into control and experimental groups (6 rats in each). In the experimental group, microvibrations were induced using the Vitafon vibroacoustic apparatus (Vitafon, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation), which delivers sound waves of varying frequencies by a process called “phoning”. Up to 60 minutes of phoning time was delivered to the kidney and liver using 4 diff erent regimens that included a 5-minute stabilisation time; up to four 10-minute phoning regimens, with 5-minute breaks between each single regimen, at a 30 Hz-18000 kHz frequency range;, and 2.8 μm-12.3 μm microwave amplitudes. After the completion of a phoning regimen, animals were sacrificed and the oxidative stress markers were measured in blood samples (O2-, H2O2, nitrites, lipid peroxidation index, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione) and compared with the values of markers in the control group. Systolic arterial pressure was analysed after the acute application of up to four diff erent regimens of vibroacoustic microvibrations. Systolic arterial pressure decreased significantly during the administration of the second regimen in comparison to the control group. Systolic arterial pressure returned, almost completely, to the initial value after the administration of the third and fourth regimens. Th ere was no significant change in diastolic arterial pressure after the acute administration of up to four different regimens, although the pressure decreased slightly after the first and second regimens and returned to the initial value during the administration of the third and fourth regimens. Analysis of oxidative stress markers showed a statistically significant change in the catalase level. No statistically significant differences were found in the other oxidative stress markers analyzeanalysed. Further research is needed to clarify the physiological effects of low compared to high frequencies of vibroacoustically induced microvibrations and their possible therapeutic significance.

Changes in the blood level, efficacy, and safety of tacrolimus in pregnancy and the lactation period in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 2245-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Hiramatsu ◽  
S Yoshida ◽  
T Kotani ◽  
E Nakamura ◽  
Y Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Trough Concentrations

Objectives We investigated the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus (TAC) by monitoring its serum concentration for mothers and infants in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods We measured trough concentrations of TAC in 25 pregnant patients with SLE to assess influence of TAC on the disease activity. Additionally, we measured the concentrations of TAC in umbilical arterial blood, breast milk, and breastfed infants to investigate the safety of TAC for the mothers and infants. Results The trough concentrations of TAC in the mothers significantly decreased in the second trimester as compared with those before pregnancy. However, the decrease in the trough concentrations of TAC did not lead to the deterioration of SLE. When examined, the doses of TAC were significantly lower in the second trimester and postpartum in the deteriorating group than those in the non-deteriorating group. There were no adverse events by TAC in mothers and fetuses. The concentrations of TAC in the umbilical cord blood were lower than those in the maternal blood. The relative infant dose in breastfed infants of TAC was < 1%. The level of TAC in infant bloods was below detectable limits. Conclusion These findings suggest that TAC is one of the most effective and safest immunosuppressive drugs for use in pregnant patients with SLE.

The sympathetic muscle metaboreflex is not different in the third trimester in normotensive pregnant women.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Skow ◽  
Andrew R. Steele ◽  
Graham M. Fraser ◽  
Margie H. Davenport ◽  
Craig D. Steinback
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex ◽  
The Third ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Isometric handgrip (IHG) is used to assess sympathetic nervous system responses to exercise and may be useful at predicting hypertension in both pregnant and non-pregnant populations. We have previously observed altered sympathetic nervous system control of blood pressure in late pregnancy. Therefore, we measured muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and blood pressure during muscle metaboreflex activation (IHG) in normotensive pregnant women in the third trimester compared to healthy non-pregnant women. Nineteen pregnant (32±3wks gestation) and fourteen non-pregnant women were matched for age, non/pre-pregnant BMI, and parity. MSNA (microneurography), heart rate (ECG), and arterial blood pressure (Finometer) were continuously recorded during ten minutes of rest, and then during two-minutes of IHG at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, and two-minutes of post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO). Baseline SNA was elevated in pregnant (41±11 bursts/min) compared to non-pregnant women (27 ± 9 bursts/minute; p=0.005); however, the sympathetic baroreflex gain and neurovascular transduction were not different between groups (p=0.62 and p=0.32, respectively). During IHG and PECO there was no significant differences in the pressor response (∆MAP) during IHG and PECO was not different between groups (p=0.25, main effect of group) nor the sympathetic response (interaction effect: p=0.16, 0.25, and 0.27 for burst frequency, burst incidence, and total SNA respectively). These data suggest that pregnant women who have maintained sympathetic baroreflex and neurovascular transduction also have similar sympathetic and pressor responses during exercise.

scholarly journals Lactive activities and the process of milking of first-calf cows using robotic milking

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00038
Author(s):  
Lenar R. Zagidullin ◽  
Rifat R. Khisamov ◽  
Rubin R. Kayumov ◽  
Igor V. Lomakin ◽  
Nadezhda M. Kanalina
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Average Productivity ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Robotic Milking

Studies have been conducted to assess the lactation productivity of first-calf cows of Kholmogory breed of Tatarstan type using robotic milking systems. The following changes in the amount of milking over the course of 10 months of lactation were observed: during the first month, the cows were milked the least number of times, which was 75, or 2.4 times per day. During the second month, they were milked 86 times (2.8 per day). By the 4th month, milking reached a peak of 93 times (3 per day). By the 5th month, a decline was observed (by 11 % compared to the 4th month). The average number of milking times per day was 2.8 ± 0.05 times. The amount of milking is closely correlated with milk productivity: twicemilked cows had an average productivity of 15.3 kg, 3 times – 19.0 kg, and 4 times – 27.0 kg (r = 0.69). The milking robot spent approximately 108 seconds, or 29 % of the time spent in the milking box, on preparation activities, including: udder cleaning, 39 seconds; scanning the position of the utter, 21 seconds; and connecting milking cups, 48 seconds. Lactation took most of the time, namely 251 seconds, or 66 %. The peak milk production takes place during the second month of lactation, 681.3 kg. By the third month, a decline was observed by 4.8 %, to 648.1 kg. The maximum decrease in milk production by 12.4 % occurred between the 5th and 6th month of the tested lactation period.

Circumscribed Mass: Fibroadenoma

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Kettler
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Peak Incidence ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
The Third ◽  
Terminal Duct Lobular Unit ◽  
Management Recommendations

A fibroadenoma is a benign fibroepithelial breast tumor arising from the terminal duct-lobular unit (TDLU), composed of epithelial and stromal elements. The overwhelming majority of fibroadenomas present as palpable or imaging-detected circumscribed masses showing sharp demarcation between the lesion and the adjacent breast tissue. Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast tumor occurring in women, with a peak incidence in the third and fourth decades, but they can occur from childhood through the eight decade of life. This chapter, appearing in the section on asymmetry, mass, and distortion, reviews the key clinical and imaging features, differential diagnosis, and management recommendations for fibroadenomas.

scholarly journals 759 Platypnoea orthodeoxia syndrome following middle-lower bilobectomy: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_G) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Spontoni ◽  
Laura Stazzoni ◽  
Cristina Giannini ◽  
Giulia Costa ◽  
Marco Angelillis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supine Position ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory ◽  
The Third ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Right

Abstract Aims PlatypneaOrthodeoxiasyndrome (POS) is a rare clinical condition characterized by dyspnoea and arterial desaturation, typically occurring in orthostatism and vanishing in a supine position. The real pathophysiologic triggers are still not completely understood. Methods and results In January 2021, a 76-year-old female patient was admitted to our department for the management of a large mass in the right lung (69 × 54 × 76 cm). Pre-operative Computed Tomography (CT)-scan showed a lesion of the right lower lobe, with suspected infiltration of posterior costal pleura and bronchoscopy revealed distal occlusion of intermedious bronchus. Surgical treatment was planned: extrapleural lower bilobectomy with the removal of the VI rib to reduce intracavity space was performed, using postero-lateral thoracotomy approach. On the third post-operative day, an acute neurologic deficit with left-sided paralysis, associated with desaturation and hypotension, occurred during a new attempt to mobilize the patient. Nonetheless the patient showed complete resolution of symptoms in supine position. A new similar episode of severe desaturation (SO2 80%) was observed in the 7th post-operative day. Arterial blood gas test showed PO2 37 mmHg; PCO2 27 mmHg; SO2 80.3%, pH 7.61, tHb 12.4 g/dl; O2Hb 78.4%. CT pulmonary angiography excluded a suspicious of pulmonary embolism. A right to left atrial shunt was suspected. Contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler ultrasound showed microembolic signals in the basal cerebral arteries. Transoesophageal echocardiography was performed, confirming an interatrial septum with an exuberant hyperdynamic movement and showing an abundant passage of contrast from the right atrium to the left, even without the Valsalva manoeuvre, compatible with an important patent foramen ovale (PFO). Patient was referred to the cardiac Catheterization Laboratory for percutaneous closure of PFO. The device was successfully placed via right femoral venous catheter access and on transesophageal echocardiogram guidance. The procedure was performed without any complications. The implanted device was noted to be in a stable position with trivial residual inter-atrial shunting immediately after the procedure. The day after implantation, positional discomfort improved remarkably and the patient was able to stand-up with no symptoms, maintaining normal saturation (SaO2 100%). The patient was discharged and sent home on the third post-implantation day. The 4 month follow-up examination showed a good andstable condition. Conclusions Platypnoea Orthodeoxia Syndrome after lobectomy is a rare cause of postoperative dyspnoea/hypoxia.It is the result of right-to-left shunt via interatrial communication. Mediastinal relocation, stretching of the atrial septum are among the functional elements necessary for the clinical manifestations. It is essential to have a high index of suspicion to detect POS in patient with dyspnoea given the subtle and positional nature of the symptoms. Physicians should always consider POS in patients with unexplained dyspnoea; hence the treatment modalities could alleviate symptoms and be potentially curative.

scholarly journals LACTIVE ACTIVITIES OF FIRST-CALF COWS USING ROBOTIC MILKING

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
R.R. Khisamov ◽  
◽  
L.R. Zagidullin ◽  
R.R. Kayumov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Robotic Milking

Studies have been conducted to assess the lactation productivity of Kholmogory breed Tatarstan type first-calf cows with robotic milking systems. The frequency of milking distribution during the day was observed: in the interval of 4-6 hours, the minimum number of milking occurs (6.4 %), in the interval of 12-14 hours, the maximum number (10.7 %). Most milking (34.7 %) is carried out in 6-8 hours after the previous one. More frequent milking (after 4-6 hours) is rarely observed is in 6 % of cases. 48.6 % of milking occurs after the 8-12 hour interval. For an interval of more than 12 hours occurs for 10.7 % of milking. With an increase in the milking interval, the milk yield also increases. At 4-6 hour interval, the milk yield is 5.2 kg, at 6-8 hour is 6.0 kg. An increase in the milking interval by 2 hours is accompanied by an increase in the single milk yield by 0.8-1.3 kg. During the first month, the cows were milked the least number of times, which was 75, or 2.4 times per day; during the second month, they were milked 86 times (2.8 per day). By the 4th month, milkings reached a peak of 93 times (3 per day). By the 5th month, a decline was observed (by 11 % compared to the 4th month). The peak milk production takes place during the second month of lactation, 681.3 kg. By the third month, a decline was observed by 4.8 %, to 648.1 kg. The maximum decrease in milk production, by 12.4 %, occurred between the 5th and 6th month of the tested lactation period.

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