scholarly journals Use of magnesium by cow’s breast tissue in the lactation periods during the day

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
L. Pluta
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
New Period ◽  
The New Period ◽  
Breast Tissues

The article is presented daily dynamics of the magnesium using of cow’s mammary gland during the new lactation period. During the time from milking to milking the breast tissue in the new lactation period absorbed and released Magnesium into the flowing out blood. In general, the use of Magnesium by the tissues of the cow’s mammary gland during the new lactation period during the time of the first milking ranged from 1.44±0.288 to 1.46±0.292 mmol/l. Magnesium from the incoming blood. For the fourth hour after milking, the breast tissue of the cows was absorbed only 0.01±0.002 mmol/l of Magnesium, or 0.68%. By the sixth hour after milking the breast tissue secrete 0.01 ± 0.002 mmol/l of Magnesium in the flowing out blood, and they absorbed the same amount of Magnesium for eight hours after milking. It should be noted that during the period from the first to the second milking breast tissue absorbed only 0.003±0.0006 mmol/l of Magnesium, which is 0.21 % of its content in arterial blood. From the second to the third milking breast tissue used Magnesium in small quantities. In the second hour after milking, they absorbed 0.02 ± 0.004 mmol/l of Magnesium from the incoming blood. In the fourth and sixth hours of the second milking only 0.70 % of Magnesium content in the arterial blood (0.01±0.002 mmol/l) was used by breast tissue. At eight hours after milking, breast tissue secretes 0.70 % of Magnesium (0.01±0.002 mmol/l) into the blood. From the second to the third milking, on average, the cow’s breast tissue of absorbed 0.007±0.0014 mmol/l of Magnesium, which is 1.48 % of its content in the arterial blood. During the period from the third evening to the first morning milking breast tissues for the second and fourth hours after the third milking absorbed 0.01±0.002 mmol/l of Magnesium. In the sixth and eighth hours after milking the cow’s breast tissue excreted 0.01±0.002 mmol/l of Magnesium into flowing out from the breast blood. During the period from the third to the first milking cow’s breast tissue absorbed only 0.005±0.001 mmol/l of Magnesium, which is 1.4 times less (p<0.001) than after the second milking, which is 0.35 %. On average per day cow’s breast tissue absorbed 0.005±0.001 mmol/l of Magnesium, which is only 0.35 % of its content in arterial blood. During the day, the breast tissue of cows in the period of milking isolated Magnesium in the blood from the breast at the level of 0.28 %.During the period of lactation recession the use of Magnesium by cows breast tissue had a corresponding characteristic. It should be noted, breast tissue of cows was excreted Magnesium in the flowing out blood only for the second hour after milking during the period from the first to the second milking (- 0.01±0.002 mmol/l, or 0.69 %). Breast tissue of cows absorbed Magnesium at the level 0.01±0.002 mmol/l in the next hour after the milking. Breast tissue of the cows did not absorb Magnesium from the incoming to them blood in the sixth and eighth hours after milking the. Breast tissue of cows did not adsorb Magnesium from the blood flowing to the breast the incoming blood in the period from the third to the first milking. Breast tissue absorbed it from incoming blood and released into the flowing out blood wavily during the period from the second to the third milking. In the second hour after milking the breast tissue of cows excreted 0.01±0.002 mmol/l of Magnesium into the blood, for the fourth hour absorbed Magnesium in the same amount. Magnesium only on the second hour after milking. In the following, at the fourth, sixth and eight hours after milking breast tissue was excreted in the flowing out from the breast of cows blood at the level of 0.02±0.004 mmol/l and 0.01±0.002 mmol/l of Magnesium. On average, from the third (evening) to the first (morning) milking of the breast tissue excreted Magnesium into the flowing out blood at the level -0.002±0.0004 mmol/l, or 0.13 %. In general during the day, breast tissue of cows during the period of lactation recession, Magnesium was excreted into the flowing out blood at the level of 0.02±0.004 mmol/l, or 0.14 %, which is 2.5 times and 1.5 times less than in the middle of lactation less than in the new-period of lactation (p<0.01).

scholarly journals Use of phosphorus by cow’s breast tissue in the lactation periods during the day

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Лариса Плюта
Keyword(s):  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
The Third ◽  
Arterial Blood

The article examined the use of Phosphorus by cows of Phosphorus breast tissue during the day and lactation. In the new lactation period, on average, 0.14±0.028 mmol/l, or 9.46 % of the Phosphorus from the inflowing blood, was absorbed by the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue from the first to the second milking. In the period from the second (lunchtime) to the third (evening) milking, the following dynamics use of Phosphorus by cows of Phosphorus breast tissue was established. Two hours after the first milking, breast tissue absorbed 0.19±0.038 mmol/l of Phosphorus (12.92 %) from the inflowing blood. In the fourth hour after milking the use of Phosphorus by cows of Phosphorus breast tissue decreased and was to 10.52 %, or 0.16±0.032 mmol/l. Six hours after milking, breast tissue reduced Phosphorus adsorption from inflowing blood to 0.09±0.018 mmol/l and increased its use by eight hours after milking to 0.12±0.024 mmol/l. On average, from the second (afternoon) to the third (evening) milking, the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue used 8.72 % of Phosphorus from the inflowing blood. In the second and fourth hours after the third (evening) milking, the breast tissue used Phosphorus at almost the same level – 0.18±0.036 mmol/l and 0.17±0.034 mmol/l, or 12.08 % and 11.72 %. For six hours, the adsorption of Phosphorus by breast tissue decreased to 0.10±0.020 mmol/l and increased by eight hours to 0.14±0.028 mmol/l. On average, in the new lactation period from evening to the morning milking the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue adsorbed 0.13±0.026 mmol/l of Phosphorus from arterial blood, or 8.84 % of its content in arterial blood.  On average, in the period from the third evening until the morning milking during the new milking period the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue adsorbed 0.13±0.026 mmol/l of Phosphorus from arterial blood, or 8.84 % of its content in arterial blood. In the mid-lactation, the use of Phosphorus by the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue had some dynamics. Two hours after the first milking, 0.12±0.024 mmol/l of Phosphorus, or 7.74 % was absorbed by breast tissue from arterial blood. On average, from the first to the second milking, the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue absorbed 0.09±0.016 mmol/l, or 6.19 % of Phosphorus. On average, from the second (lunchtime) to the third (evening) milking the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue used 6.38 % of Phosphorus from inflowing to them blood. It should be noted that as in the period of new milking, from the second to the third milking breast tissue adsorbed Phosphorus from the inflowing blood more intensively. Before the third (evening) milking the breast tissue absorbed 0.08±0.016 mmol/l of Phosphorus (5.09 %). Two hours after milking, this indicator increased by 1.56 times (р<0,001). Four hours after milking the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue reduced the Phosphorus adsorption significantly from the inflowing blood (0.09±0.018 mmol/l). Subsequently, in the sixth and eighth hours after the third milking the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue adsorbed Phosphorus from the inflowing blood at the level of 0.07±0.014 and 0.05±0.01 mmol/l. On average, from the time of the third to the first milking the cow&apos;s breast tissue reduced Phosphorus using by 2.80 times (р<0,001).  In the middle of lactation, the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue adsorbed 0.092±0.018 mmol/l, or 6.03 % of Phosphorus on average, which is 1.28 times less than in the first lactation period (р<0,01). During the day, the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue reduced Phosphorus using from the inflowing blood from milking to milking by 2.41 times (р<0,001). It was found that during the decline lactation period cows of Phosphorus breast tissue practically did not reduce the absorption of Phosphorus from the inflowing blood. On average, during the decline lactation period cow&apos;s breast tissue used 0,085±0,016 mmol/l of phosphorus from the inflowing blood. We found that 6.48 % of phosphorus from inflowing arterial blood was used by cows of Phosphorus breast tissue during lactation in providing the cows of Phosphorus organism according to the feeding norms. In general, the cows of Phosphorus breast tissue reduced the using of Phosphorus during the day in milking period by 1,21 times, 2.41 times in the middle of lactation and 1.51 times during the lactation decline while providing the cows with nutrients according to feeding norms (р<0,001). In the new milking period the using of Phosphorus by cows of Phosphorus breast tissue was 8,78  %, in the middle of lactation – 6.03 % and 5.70 % during the period of lactation decline. In the new milking period cows of Phosphorus breast tissue absorbed 8,78 % of Phosphorus from arterial blood, which is 1.45 times more than in the middle of lactation and 1.54 times more than in the period of lactation decline.

scholarly journals REVISITING FS AURIGAE AND ITS TRIPLE CATACLYSMIC VARIABLE SYSTEM HYPOTHESIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Chavez ◽  
Andres Aviles ◽  
Nikolaos Georgakarakos ◽  
Cesar Ramos ◽  
Hector Aceves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Mass Transfer Rate ◽  
Cataclysmic Variable ◽  
Third Body ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Period ◽  
The New Period ◽  
Alternative Scenarios

A very long term variability (VLPP), with period of 875 days, was observed in the long-term light curve of FS Aurigae (FS Aur) in 2011. This periodicity was calculated over 6 cycles. We re-examined the periodicity with new observations over the past 5 yrs. A total of 18 years of observations confirm the hypothesis of a third body perturbing in a secular way the cataclysmic variable (CV). Improvements to the model such as eccentric and inclined orbits for the third body and a binary post-Newtonian correction are considered. We confirm the VLPP of FS Aur and find the new period of 857 ± 78 days. The secular perturbations are most efficient when the mass of the third body is M₃≈ 29MJ, much less than the 50MJ reported in 2011. We estimate the effect of the third body on the mass transfer rate and on the brightness of the system. We consider alternative scenarios for the VLPP. New data and analysis support the hypothesis that FS Aur is a CV in a triple system.

scholarly journals The Effects of Vibroacoustically Induced Microvibrations on Arterial Blood Pressure and Oxidative Stress in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Dusko Kornjaca ◽  
Vladimir Zivkovic ◽  
Nevena Barudzic ◽  
Vladimir Jakovljevic ◽  
Dragan Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Arterial Blood

ABSTRACT Vibroacoustics, a scientific field that has been intensively studied for the last thirty years, uses the properties of sound waves (infrasound, ultrasound, noise and music) to induce vibrations that, like a sound wave, may have both useful and harmful effects. Th e aim of this study was to examine the effects of vibroacoustically induced microvibrations on arterial blood pressure and markers of oxidative stress in the blood. Th e experiments were performed on Wistar male rats that had a 180-200 g body mass and were divided into control and experimental groups (6 rats in each). In the experimental group, microvibrations were induced using the Vitafon vibroacoustic apparatus (Vitafon, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation), which delivers sound waves of varying frequencies by a process called “phoning”. Up to 60 minutes of phoning time was delivered to the kidney and liver using 4 diff erent regimens that included a 5-minute stabilisation time; up to four 10-minute phoning regimens, with 5-minute breaks between each single regimen, at a 30 Hz-18000 kHz frequency range;, and 2.8 μm-12.3 μm microwave amplitudes. After the completion of a phoning regimen, animals were sacrificed and the oxidative stress markers were measured in blood samples (O2-, H2O2, nitrites, lipid peroxidation index, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione) and compared with the values of markers in the control group. Systolic arterial pressure was analysed after the acute application of up to four diff erent regimens of vibroacoustic microvibrations. Systolic arterial pressure decreased significantly during the administration of the second regimen in comparison to the control group. Systolic arterial pressure returned, almost completely, to the initial value after the administration of the third and fourth regimens. Th ere was no significant change in diastolic arterial pressure after the acute administration of up to four different regimens, although the pressure decreased slightly after the first and second regimens and returned to the initial value during the administration of the third and fourth regimens. Analysis of oxidative stress markers showed a statistically significant change in the catalase level. No statistically significant differences were found in the other oxidative stress markers analyzeanalysed. Further research is needed to clarify the physiological effects of low compared to high frequencies of vibroacoustically induced microvibrations and their possible therapeutic significance.

scholarly journals Attenuated TGFB signalling in macrophages decreases susceptibility to DMBA-induced mammary cancer in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Sun ◽  
Sarah M. Bernhardt ◽  
Danielle J. Glynn ◽  
Leigh J. Hodson ◽  
Lucy Woolford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Cancer ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Tumour Development ◽  
Gland Development

AbstractBackgroundTransforming growth factor beta1 (TGFB1) is a multi-functional cytokine that regulates mammary gland development and cancer progression through endocrine, paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. TGFB1 also plays roles in tumour development and progression, and its increased expression is associated with an increased breast cancer risk. Macrophages are key target cells for TGFB1 action, also playing crucial roles in tumourigenesis. However, the precise role of TGFB-regulated macrophages in the mammary gland is unclear. This study investigated the effect of attenuated TGFB signalling in macrophages on mammary gland development and mammary cancer susceptibility in mice.MethodsA transgenic mouse model was generated, wherein a dominant negative TGFB receptor is activated in macrophages, in turn attenuating the TGFB signalling pathway specifically in the macrophage population. The mammary glands were assessed for morphological changes through wholemount and H&E analysis, and the abundance and phenotype of macrophages were analysed through immunohistochemistry. Another cohort of mice received carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), and tumour development was monitored weekly. Human non-neoplastic breast tissue was also immunohistochemically assessed for latent TGFB1 and macrophage marker CD68.ResultsAttenuation of TGFB signalling resulted in an increase in the percentage of alveolar epithelium in the mammary gland at dioestrus and an increase in macrophage abundance. The phenotype of macrophages was also altered, with inflammatory macrophage markers iNOS and CCR7 increased by 110% and 40%, respectively. A significant decrease in DMBA-induced mammary tumour incidence and prolonged tumour-free survival in mice with attenuated TGFB signalling were observed. In human non-neoplastic breast tissue, there was a significant inverse relationship between latent TGFB1 protein and CD68-positive macrophages.ConclusionsTGFB acts on macrophage populations in the mammary gland to reduce their abundance and dampen the inflammatory phenotype. TGFB signalling in macrophages increases mammary cancer susceptibility potentially through suppression of immune surveillance activities of macrophages.

Changes in the blood level, efficacy, and safety of tacrolimus in pregnancy and the lactation period in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 2245-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Hiramatsu ◽  
S Yoshida ◽  
T Kotani ◽  
E Nakamura ◽  
Y Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Trough Concentrations

Objectives We investigated the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus (TAC) by monitoring its serum concentration for mothers and infants in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods We measured trough concentrations of TAC in 25 pregnant patients with SLE to assess influence of TAC on the disease activity. Additionally, we measured the concentrations of TAC in umbilical arterial blood, breast milk, and breastfed infants to investigate the safety of TAC for the mothers and infants. Results The trough concentrations of TAC in the mothers significantly decreased in the second trimester as compared with those before pregnancy. However, the decrease in the trough concentrations of TAC did not lead to the deterioration of SLE. When examined, the doses of TAC were significantly lower in the second trimester and postpartum in the deteriorating group than those in the non-deteriorating group. There were no adverse events by TAC in mothers and fetuses. The concentrations of TAC in the umbilical cord blood were lower than those in the maternal blood. The relative infant dose in breastfed infants of TAC was < 1%. The level of TAC in infant bloods was below detectable limits. Conclusion These findings suggest that TAC is one of the most effective and safest immunosuppressive drugs for use in pregnant patients with SLE.

scholarly journals Idea of Artificial Intelligence

Studia Humana ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 37-65
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Trzęsicki
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Period ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
The New Period ◽  
Athanasius Kircher

AbstractArtificial Intelligence, both as a hope of making substantial progress, and a fear of the unknown and unimaginable, has its roots in human dreams. These dreams are materialized by means of rational intellectual efforts. We see the beginnings of such a process in Lullus’s fancies. Many scholars and enthusiasts participated in the development of Lullus’s art, ars combinatoria. Amongst them, Athanasius Kircher distinguished himself. Gottfried Leibniz ended the period in which the idea of artificial intelligence was shaped, and started the new period, in which artificial intelligence could be considered part of science, by today’s standards.

scholarly journals Thinking and Research on the Development Strategy of Public Security Higher Education in the New Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Public Security ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
New Period ◽  
The New Period ◽  
Higher Education In China ◽  
Education In China

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasizes that building a powerful education country is a basic project for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must give priority to education, deepen education reform, and speed up education modernization. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, public security education in China, especially public security higher education, has gone through an extraordinary development road from scratch, from weak to strong, with the great attention of the party and the state. It has made remarkable achievements and made great contributions to the construction of the national public security team. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is an important task to summarize the problems existing in public security higher education in China and to think about the development strategy of public security higher education in the new era. In this paper, I will discuss the development strategy of public security higher education in the new period.

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