scholarly journals Morphological characterization of Moringa oleifera seeds from different crops of Mexico

Author(s):  
Rafael Ruiz-Hernández ◽  
Martha Hernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Rosy G. Cruz-Monterrosa ◽  
Mayra Díaz-Ramírez ◽  
Judith Jiménez-Guzmán ◽  
...  

Objective: to characterize the seeds of Moringa oleifera present in various crops in Mexico morphologically. Design / Methodology / Approach: An analysis of variance, principal components, and conglomerates of qualitative morphological descriptors (shape, color, presence of wings and wing color) and quantitative (length, width, and weight) were carried out. Results: Significant statistical differences (P˂0.05) were found in the seeds' length, width, weight, and almonds. The principal component analysis indicated that components 1 (70.58%) and 2 (25.59%) contributed 96.17% of the variation, and the cluster analysis identified four groups. The evaluated populations showed qualitative variation (shape, color, presence of wings, and color of wings) and quantitative (length, width, and weight). Study limitations/implications: the germination percentage could not be evaluated because no information was obtained on the age of the seed and the storage conditions. Result/Finding:Conclusion: This information enriches the knowledge of Moringa oleifera in Mexico and serves as a basis for selecting materials of most significant interest.

Author(s):  
M. C. Vasconcelos ◽  
F. J. C. Moreira ◽  
M. L. S. Mesquista ◽  
L. G. Pinheiro Neto ◽  
M. C. M. R. Souza

<p>O trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar morfobiometricamente frutos e sementes de <em>Acacia farnesiana</em> além de avaliar diferentes métodos de superação da sua dormência. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no período de setembro 2014 a janeiro de 2015. As vagens foram coletadas de plantas nativas, no distrito Madeira, Sobral-CE. Para a biometria, utilizou-se 50 vagens, onde foi mensurado: comprimento, diâmetro, peso e número de sementes por vagem. Posteriormente feito o mesmo com as sementes, comprimento, largura e peso. Para a superação da dormência, utilizou-se nove tratamentos, dispostos em DIC, sendo (sementes sem escarificação, imersão em água a 80 ºC por 10, 20, 30 e 40 minutos, na imersão em H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> concentrado por 10, 15, 20 e 25 minutos), com quatro repetições de 16 sementes cada. A avaliação de porcentagem de germinação - (%GER), realizou a contagem diária de plântulas emergidas, número de folhas (NF); altura da planta (AP); comprimento da raiz (CR); peso seco parte aérea (PSPA). Verificou-se que as vagens e sementes de <em>A. farnesiana</em> apresentam ampla variabilidade nas suas características biométricas, para as vagens com comprimento (4,2 – 6,8 cm), largura (0,72 – 3,22 cm) e peso de (2,2 – 3,9 cm); e para as sementes com comprimento (1,6 – 3,1 cm), largura (0,07 – 0,67 cm) e peso de (0,069 – 0,133 cm). A escarificação química em H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> nos tempos de 20 e 25 minutos e a imersão em H<sub>2</sub>O a 80 ºC por 20 e 30 minutos são os métodos mais eficientes na superação da dormência de sementes de coronha.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Biometric</em></strong><strong><em> characterization of fruits seeds and break dormancy in butt (</em></strong><em>Acacia</em><em> farnesiana<strong>)</strong></em></p><pre><strong>Abstract: </strong>The fruits of biometrics are an important tool to detect the genetic variability of a species, defining relations between variability and environmental factors. In view of this, the work aims to characterize biometric characteristics fruits and seeds of <em>Acacia farnesiana</em> and to evaluate different methods of overcoming its dormancy. The study was conducted from September 2014 to January 2015. The pods were collected from native plants, district of Madeira, Sobral-CE. For biometrics, we used 50 pods, which was measured: length, diameter, weight and number of seeds per pod. Later done the same with the seeds, length, width and weight. To overcome dormancy, we used nine treatments, arranged in DIC, and (seeds without scarification, immersion in water at 80 °C for 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes of immersion in concentrated H</pre><p><sub>2</sub></p><pre>SO</pre><p><sub>4</sub></p><pre> for 10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes), with four replications of 16 seeds each. The germination percentage evaluation - (%GER), held daily counts of emerged seedlings, number of leaves (NF); plant height (AP); root length (CR); dry weight shoot (PSPA). It is found that the <em>A. farnesiana</em> pods and seeds have wide variability of their biometric characteristics, to pods with a length (4.2 to 6.8 cm), width (0.72 to 3.22 cm) and weight (2.2 to 3.9 cm); and seed with a length (1.6 to 3.1 cm), width (0.07 to 0.67 cm) and weight (0.069 to 0.133 cm). Chemical scarification in H</pre><p><sub>2</sub></p><pre>SO</pre><p><sub>4</sub></p><pre> in times of 20 and 25 minutes and immersion in H</pre><p><sub>2</sub></p><pre>O at 80 °C for 20 and 30 minutes are the most efficient methods to overcome dormancy of seeds of legume coronha.</pre>


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
K. Mendoza ◽  
M.R. Torres ◽  
G.A. Aliquo ◽  
J.A. Prieto ◽  
M. Grados ◽  
...  

The denomination of “Uva de Italia” or “Italia” is commonly used by growers to refer to a group of varieties used from the colonial times to making a brandy of Pisco with muscat aroma. Previous work have demonstrated that Uva de Italia corresponds in fact to the variety Muscat of Alexandria, a widely spread variety around the world and in South America. However, the distinction between “Italia Dorada” and “Italia Rosada” is usually made, in allusion to the color variations observed in the berries. Our aim was to characterize 5 samples collected in vineyards from the valleys of Ica and Cañete. The genotypes were identified using 13 molecular markers of nuclear simple sequence repeat, and 23 morphological descriptors according to OIV. Our results showed that four genotypes were identified as Muscat of Alexandria while the other corresponded to variety well-known in Argentina as Moscatel Rosado or Uva Pastilla in Chile respectively. Moscatel Rosado showed functionally female flowers, with variable berries size and color in the range from greenish yellow through pink. This is the first identification of Moscatel Rosado as a variety present in the Peruvian vineyards and would allow its use in the pisco industry with distinctive aromatic characteristics. Keywords: Italia, Muscat of Alexandria, Moscatel Rosado, variety identification, parentage analysis, microsatellites, Pisco.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Iyan Robiansyah ◽  
Ahmad S. Ghushash ◽  
Abdulrahaman S. Hajar

Dari total 13 spesies Moringa, di Saudi Arabia hanya terdapat dua spesies, yaitu M. peregrina dan M. oleifera. Kedua spesies ini memiliki kandungan nutrisi dan bahan obat yang tinggi serta mampu bertahan pada iklim kering. Biotipe Moringa baru yang berbeda dengan kedua spesies ini telah teramati di daerah Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia. Pada penelitian ini, karakterisasi dari biotipe baru ini telah dilakukan dengan mengamati 22 karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif dari daun, biji dan bunga. Semua karakter ini kemudian dibandingkan dengan M. peregrina dan M. oleifera untuk mengetahui hubungan biotipe baru dengan kedua spesies. Hasil pengamatan pada karakter kualitatif menunjukan bahwa biotipe baru ini memiliki 8 karakter (tepi anak daun, warna bunga, bentuk kelopak dan mahkota bunga, perlekatan kelopak bunga, warna dan orientasi kepala sari, dan bentuk dasar  bunga) yang sama dengan kedua spesies, satu karakter (distribusi warna merah pada perhiasan bunga) dengan M. peregrina  saja, tiga karakter (tipe susunan anak daun, kulit biji dan sayap biji) dengan M. oleifera saja. Untuk karakter-karakter kuantitatif, hasil pengukuran menunjukan semua karakter pada biotipe baru berada pada posisi antara M. peregrina and M. oleifera. Berdasarkan hasil ini, kami menyimpulkan bahwa biotipe baru dari Moringa ini adalah hibrid hasil persilangan M. peregrina dan M. oleifera.Kata kunci: biotipe, bunga, Moringa peregrina; Moringa oleifera, daun, biji.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ballesteros P. ◽  
Tulio César Lagos B. ◽  
Hugo Ferney L.

The cacao has become an essential part of the fight against the effects of illegal crops and rural poverty in Colombia. Because of their bromatological characteristics, cocoa beans are preferred in markets. However, there are few studies on the variability of the regional genotypes. The goal of this study was to characterize the cacao trees in Tumaco, Nariño (Colombia) and establish their morpho-agronomic variability. Plant collections were conducted in five production zones of the municipality between 0 to 270 m. On each farm, the productivity and plant health variables were recorded for the outstanding plants. The characterization was carried out using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Cluster analysis. In the PCA, the first five components explained 70.2% of the variation. The first three components were characterized by productivity, while the last two components showed a low pod and grain index. In the MCA, the first three factors expressed 39.5% of the variation. The first three corresponded to the cundeamor cacao, acute pod apex, absence of anthocyanin in ripe fruits, without notable pulvinus, staminodes without anthocyanins, and moderately susceptible to <em>Moniliophthora perniciosa</em>. The last two components reported tolerance to <em>M. roreri</em> and <em>Crinnipellis perniciosa, </em>intense anthocyanin pigmentation on the floral buttons and Angoleta-shaped fruit. The selected genotypes showed important characteristics that must be analyzed with molecular and sensorial analyses.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-595
Author(s):  
Michelle Conceição Vasconcelos ◽  
Joel Conceição Costa ◽  
Renata Silva-Mann ◽  
Andréa Dos Santos Oliveira ◽  
Claudio Das Neves Vieira Bárbara ◽  
...  

Moringa oleifera Lam. (moringa) is a tree species with the potential for use in biofuel production. However, knowledge regarding the morphology and physiology of its seeds is needed to establish field production. The goals of the present study were to investigate the internal morphology of seeds by X-ray and to identify the fungal microorganisms present in the seeds. Two hundred seeds from two trees were analyzed. The morphological characterization of the seeds was performed using an X-ray chamber with an X-ray source operated at 22 kV for 14.8 s. The fungi were identified using the blotter test. The seeds were characterized as (a) full and well formed, (b) with internal space and poorly formed and (c) stained or damaged. The malformed seeds with an internal space showed the highest incidence (55%). The results indicated that X-ray tests are valid for the internal characterization of moringa seed morphology. The fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. and Phomopsis sp. occurred in moringa seeds.


2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Sattler ◽  
M. D. Sanogo ◽  
I. A. Kassari ◽  
I. I. Angarawai ◽  
K. W. Gwadi ◽  
...  

AbstractTo promote the utilization of West and Central African (WCA) genetic resources of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], this study aimed at agro-morphological characterization of selected accessions from the pearl millet reference collection, established by the Generation Challenge Program and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). A total of 81 accessions were included, comprising 78 landraces originating from 13, predominantly WCA countries and three improved cultivars. All 81 accessions were evaluated together with 18 checks for resistance to the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. in an artificially infested field at one location in Niger. Determined by available seed quantity, 74 accessions were characterized together with seven checks in the rainy season 2009 in field trials under low-input and fertilized conditions in Nigeria, Niger and Mali, respectively. Wide ranges were observed for various traits. Several accessions were identified as sources for specific traits of interest, i.e. long panicles, high-grain density, earliness, Striga resistance and stable yielding across environments. The observed yield inferiority of all Genebank accessions compared with checks may indicate lost adaptation or inbreeding depression due to an insufficient effective population size during multiplication. A principal component analysis revealed an immense diversity but also strong admixture among the tested accessions, i.e. there were no clearly distinct groups. The seed of all genotypes is available from ICRISAT. The online availability of the characterization data is expected to facilitate efficient use of these pearl millet accessions by breeding programmes in WCA and worldwide.


Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4524 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
WILLIAM K. BLAIR ◽  
STEFAN VAN DER VOORT ◽  
DAVID R. EDDS

We characterized morphological variation among 172 specimens of Badis sp. (Teleostei: Badidae), collected from across Nepal and previously identified as Badis badis, to investigate whether any represented an undescribed species. Size-corrected principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and discriminant analysis (DA) revealed four significantly different groups. One group was characterized by shallower body depth and shorter pelvic to anal distance than other groups and lacked a cleithral blotch. It was identified as Badis andrewraoi, previously unknown from Nepal, yet represented in our sample by 19 specimens from small rivers in the southeastern part of the country. Distribution of the remaining groups, all identified as B. badis, did not correspond to a zoogeographic hypothesis relating to major river drainages. Instead, morphological differences among these groups was better explained by allometric shifts. We provide information on the distribution and ecology of B. andrewraoi and B. badis in Nepal. 


Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Bakic ◽  
Vera Rakonjac ◽  
Dragan Nikolic ◽  
Milica Fotiric-Aksic ◽  
Slavica Colic ◽  
...  

In this research, morphological characterization of vineyard peach collection was conducted. In 78 accessions thirty qualitative traits of tree, flower, leaf, fruit and stone were analysed by using UPOV and ECPGR descriptors. Most of the studied traits showed a high degree of variability. The lowest variability obtained for the leaf traits, and highest for skin and flesh colour. Not only were the accessions sorted into a large number of categories by the most of their properties, but also there was a significant level of variability in the collection, reflecting in the fact that the traits were recombinant in a different way. Principal component analysis (PCA) and a dendrogram were performed to determine relationships among accessions and to obtain information on the usefulness of those characters for the discrimination. The PCA revealed that the first 4 principal components were able to represent 43.1% of total variance. Traits with high discriminating values comprised internal and external fruit colour, flower type and colour, flower bud density and stone shape. The cluster analysis showed that the accessions were placed in three main clusters. The greatest impact on the separation in clusters had fruit over colour and extent of fruit over colour. Moreover, the collection can also comprise some accessions with the preferred recombination of properties that might be interesting for further studies in breeding.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
T.E. Oladimeji ◽  
M.O. Awodiran ◽  
F.A. Ola-Oladimeji

Morphological characterization of Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus, 1758)from Opa, Asejire and Ero reservoirs in southwest, Nigeria was carried out with a view to determining the morphological heterogeneity or homogeneity among the three different populations and to determine whether there are morphotypes of this species in the selected study areas. Twenty five morphometric measurements and six meristic counts were recorded on 150 specimens; fifty from each reservoir population. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) were performed on the morphometric and meristic data using PAST software. All the clusters produced by the PCA and CVA analyses on the morphometric and meristic data overlapped widely; indicating a low level of morphological differentiation among the three populations of Sarotherodon galilaeus. The study concluded that the Sarotherodon galilaeus populations from Opa, Asejire and Ero reservoirs are morphologically similar and phenotypically inseparable. Keywords: Morphometric, Meristic, Morphological differentiation, Reservoirs in south-western Nigeria, Sarotherodon galilaeus


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Mariana Maciel Monteiro ◽  
Alexandre Indriunas ◽  
Elisa Mitsuko Aoyama

Acanthaceae is a wide spread family with usually capsular fruits, with two valves and explosive dehiscence containing two or more seeds. The morphological features of fruits and seeds are important in the identification at supra especific level, since they vary morphologically. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the morphology of the fruits and seeds of Ruellia furcata. This species is endemic to Brazil and restrict to restinga areas. The collection was carried out with the aid of a gauze type fabric. The fruits were measured in length of the sterile and fertile portion, total length, width, thickness, and retinacula height. The seeds were measured in length, width and thickness. For description, internal and external details were pointed. The fruits and seeds of R. furcata present morphological features that are commonly found in the genus however, its characteristics allow it to be positioned taxonomically and provide an understanding of its dispersion.


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