scholarly journals Role of Computed Tomography In Evaluation of Patients With History of Chronic Headache

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Sanju Rawal ◽  
Sadhan Mukhi ◽  
Sandip Subedi ◽  
Surendra Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Chronic Headache ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cavum Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
History Of

INTRODUCTION: Headache is one of the universal experience and one of the most common symptom in medical practice. It is most frequently suffered illness by human beings. As much as 90 percent of individuals have at least one episode of headache each year and severe headache is reported to occur at least annually in 40 percent of the population. Population based estimates suggest that about 4 percent of adults have daily or near daily headache. Since majority of patients who present with chronic or recurrent headache have no significant intracranial abnormalities to be detected on neuroimaging. The main objective of our study was to obtain socio demographic status of patients presenting with history of chronic headache and to assess the role of CT scan in evaluation of such patients presenting to radiology department from various departments of Universal College of Medical Sciences & Teaching Hospital (UCMSTH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients with complaints of chronic headache and referred to Department of Radiology from August 2013 to April 2014 were included in the study. Total of 193 cases were included. Intravenous contrast medium was given in all 193 cases. Patients were divided into two groups with normal and abnormal CT findings. Results were tabulated and analyzed for the diagnostic yield from imaging in evaluation of patient with history of chronic headache. RESULTS: Out of 193 patients, 182 had normal CT (94.31%) and 11(5.69%) had abnormal CT findings. Contrast enhanced CT scans did not improve lesion detection .Out of 11 abnormal CT findings 3 of them had intracranial space occupying lesion, 3 had calcified granuloma, 2 of them had sinusitis, 1 had hydrocephalus, 1 cerebral atrophy and 1 with persistent cavum septum pellucidum. CONCLUSION: The proportion of intracranial abnormalities detected by CT in patients with history of chronic headache in this study was similar to that of previous studies. This corroborates the evidence that the ability of CT scan in detecting intracranial pathology is low in patient with chronic headache with exclusion of any neurological abnormality.

scholarly journals Role of Radiologic Computed Tomography in Evaluating Coronavirus (COVID-19) Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Mwahib Sayed Ahmed Aldosh
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
High Incidence Rate ◽  
The Common

Objective: Coronavirus (Covid 19) is a dangerous viral disease that principally targets the respiratory system of human beings. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the significant effects resulting from Covid19 using radiologic CT scanning technology. Methods: The recent study was conducted in order to evaluate covid19 among the local public. The sample size for this study consisted of two hundred and thirty (230) patients diagnosed with coronavirus and underwent a chest computed tomography scan. The study was conducted at Najran city, between the period from September to December 2020. Results: The results showed that it is possible to diagnose the complications of coronavirus that affects the respiratory tract in an accurate manner using chest CT imaging and the main results revealed that coronavirus COVID-19 affected all, but males more than female. (50-60) Age group was the big distribution while acute respiratory failure is the most common clinical etiology. The CT scan findings revealed that bilateral pneumonia was the common complication with a high incidence rate of 32% percent and blood coagulation achieved 5% percent as the minimum distribution result. Conclusion: The sensitivity of the CT scans in assessing COVID-19 was significantly high, it has the efficiency to assess complications of COVID-19 in an accurate manner, and therefore it has been proposed to use CT scan as a complementary method in covid-19 diagnosis. More studies on coronavirus disease were recommended by the author.

Predestination and freedom in Milton's Paradise Lost

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-80
Author(s):  
Benjamin Myers
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
Fluid Sphere ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
History Of

John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost (1667) offers a highly creative seventeenth-century reconstruction of the doctrine of predestination, a reconstruction which both anticipates modern theological developments and sheds important light on the history of predestinarian thought. Moving beyond the framework of post-Reformation controversies, the poem emphasises both the freedom and the universality of electing grace, and the eternally decisive role of human freedom in salvation. The poem erases the distinction between an eternal election of some human beings and an eternal rejection of others, portraying reprobation instead as the temporal self-condemnation of those who wilfully reject their own election and so exclude themselves from salvation. While election is grounded in the gracious will of God, reprobation is thus grounded in the fluid sphere of human decision. Highlighting this sphere of human decision, the poem depicts the freedom of human beings to actualise the future as itself the object of divine predestination. While presenting its own unique vision of predestination, Paradise Lost thus moves towards the influential and distinctively modern formulations of later thinkers like Schleiermacher and Barth.

Serum Diethyl Phthalate Levels in Infertile Females with Endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3214-3217
Author(s):  
Sadia Nazir ◽  
Iram Nazir ◽  
Rida Khan ◽  
Gulfam Ahmad ◽  
Mahwish Shahzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Diethyl Phthalate ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Industrial Compounds ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Background: Endometriosis has a complex multifactorial pathophysiology and is a leading cause of female infertility. Emerging evidence suggests the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals and environmental factors such as Diethyl phthalate (DEP) in the pathophysiology of the disease. Aim: To investigate the serum DEP levels in females with infertility having endometriosis and normal healthy counter parts. Methods: Married females (n=50) age 20-40 years, diagnosed with endometriosis and having history of >1 year of infertility, were selected as cases. Age matched women (n=50) with proven fertility and screened negative for endometriosis were included as controls. Females on any medicine, having co morbid conditions were also excluded from the study. DEP concentration in serum was determined by using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Significantly higher levels (p=0.003) of DEP were seen in endometriosis females (3.76± 1.28 ng/ml) as compared to controls (2.61± 1.72 ng/ml). The comparison of DEP levels between different stages of endometriosis revealed an increasing, but no significant trend with advancement of the disease. Conclusion: High serum DEP levels in patients substantiate their role in disease pathophysiology. Therefore, it may be advisable to pay attention while using such compounds. There is an increased need to regulate the levels of such industrial compounds manufactured for daily use of human beings by efficient and judicious quality assurance plastics and by using the standards set by WHO and/or FDA. Keywords: Phthalate, Endometriosis, Diethyl phthalate, plasticizers, Infertility

Sustainable Development From a “Nature vs. Nurture” Perspective

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-135
Author(s):  
Lucia Ovidia Vreja ◽  
Sergiu Bălan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nature And Nurture ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Nature Vs Nurture ◽  
New Education

This chapter presents the role of nature and nurture in shaping the behavior of human beings toward sustainability identifying instances of both dramatic extinctions of species and collapse of entire societies, as well as successful, peaceful, and healthy adaptation of human communities to their environment, in an attempt to presents the imperative conditions necessary for attaining sustainable development. A very long and intriguing history reveals that from the nature's point of view humans are rather destructive, interested in their own short-term survival. Nevertheless, the same long history of human species bears valuable lessons and examples of adaptive behaviors grounded by nurture, and based on these examples, the chapter aims at advancing a new perspective of thinking sustainable development that could lay the foundation of a new education curriculum.

scholarly journals Role of CT scan in evaluation and management of intestinal obstruction

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2257
Author(s):  
Gaurav Baid ◽  
Manohar Lal Dawan ◽  
Ashok Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pain Abdomen ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Study Population ◽  
And Function

Background: Intestinal obstruction is one of the most common diseases in abdominal surgery. It can slowly lead to changes in intestinal structure and function, and in extreme cases it can be life-threatening. CT allows imaging of the abdominal contents outside the lumen, because of this advantage, the nature and site of the obstruction, especially extraluminal or intramural process, can be established.Methods: Prospective Hospital Based study. From January 2016 to November 2016 (11 months). 50 Patients presenting to Department of Surgery, whether in OPD or Emergency, with complaints suggestive of intestinal obstruction with in study duration eligible as per inclusion criteria will be included in the study.Results: In present study Majority (52.0%) of study population belonged to 41-60 years age group. The most common symptom was pain abdomen (94%). Majority (66%) patients showed multiple air fluid level on X-ray. In CT imaging, maximum 36% presented with dilated bowel loops. 86% were diagnosed as sub-acute intestinal obstruction, in USG. In present study, 60% patients were treated by surgery. Majority of patients (86.67%) CT findings matched with perop/ intraoperative findings. Accurate CT findings were helpful in guiding patient management. In our study, CT had the sensitivity of 86.67%, Specificity75%.Conclusions: Management decisions in intestinal obstruction remain notoriously difficult, relying on a combination of clinical and imaging factors to help stratify patients into conservative or surgical treatment.

Comparison and correlation of CT scan and MRI for focal liver lesion detection and characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
M T Makada ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct

Background: Liver diseases create diagnostic challenge for attending clinicians. Role of radiological imaging, particularly newer modalities like Ultrasound, Color Doppler, CT scan, MRI, DSA, are highly reliable. Early identification of liver lesions provides the opportunity for the success of therapeutic approach. Contrast enhanced CT scan and contrast enhanced MRI are most advanced and appropriate modalities to detect and characterize liver focal lesions. In present study we tried to compare and correlate findings of both modalities. Methodology: We evaluated 40 cases of liver pathologies which are suspected in sonography examination. All patients were undergone contrast enhanced CT scan as well as MRI evaluation. Various radiological findings are recorded in standard format. Result: In total 40 patients of focal liver pathology all age groups are included. Male: female ratio is 70:30.Patients are presented with various clinical symptoms like right hypochondriac pain, fever, lump, jaundice, weight loss etc. Benign lesions are found in 40% of cases and malignant lesions are found in 60 % of cases. Most common pathology is liver metastatic lesions which are picked up by MRI with 100% accuracy. CT is able to characterize only 10 out of 13 metastatic cases(77%). Few other cases of benign lesions like hemangioma, hamartoam ,adenoma and FNH are also remained indeterminate in CT scan which all are accurately diagnosed and characterized by MRI and confirmed in histopathology. A case of HCC, lymphoma and nodular dysplasia also remained indeterminate in CT scan and further diagnosed and characterized by MRI.

scholarly journals Cough syncope and tracheal compression secondary to a retrosternal goitre: looking for a pulmonary embolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e228997
Author(s):  
Waqas Bin Majid Din ◽  
Eleanor Farrar ◽  
Cindy Liu ◽  
James Moor
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
Tracheal Compression ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Contrast Ct ◽  
Deep Vein

A 51-year-old man presented acutely with recurrent bouts of coughing associated with transient and brief loss of consciousness consistent with cough syncope, mild stridor and a recent history of a respiratory tract infection. A chest X-ray demonstrated tracheal narrowing. His D-dimer was negative. A non-contrast CT scan of the chest demonstrated a large retrosternal goitre causing tracheal compression, and further investigation with a contrast-enhanced CT scan of the neck and chest demonstrated an incidental finding of a large pulmonary embolus (PE). The full extent of the PE was determined through performing a CT pulmonary angiography. Doppler ultrasound demonstrated a left leg deep vein thrombosis as the primary cause of the PE. His cough syncope improved in response to anticoagulation treatment, to the point where he could be safely discharged home. He had a further significant improvement in symptoms following an elective hemithyroidectomy for retrosternal goitre.

scholarly journals Abdominal cocoon: preoperative diagnosis on CT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e229983
Author(s):  
Sudipta Mohakud ◽  
Aparna Juneja ◽  
Hira Lal
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Abdominal Cocoon ◽  
Pulsatile Mass ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subacute Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Encapsulating Peritonitis

A 23-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a history of recurrent episodes of subacute intestinal obstruction. Palpation revealed a firm, non-tender, mobile, non-pulsatile mass of size 8–10 cm with indistinct margins and smooth surface in the hypogastrium. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen showed clumping of the small bowel loops within a well-defined membrane-like structure without dilatation or thickening of bowel loops. The patient underwent a laparotomy with incision of the membrane and separation of all the small bowel loops inside the cocoon. Abdominal cocoon is the idiopathic variety of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis and is an unusual cause of acute or subacute intestinal obstruction. Clinical diagnosis is difficult because of non-specific symptoms. CT has facilitated accurate preoperative diagnosis, long before the patient presents with full-fledged symptoms of acute intestinal obstruction. CT scan plays a significant role in excluding the secondary causes and helps in patient management.

scholarly journals Pitfalls in Neuroimaging of Headache: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
V. Vallamkondu ◽  
M. Shakeel ◽  
A. Hussain ◽  
D. McAteer
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Noncontrast Ct ◽  
Red Flag ◽  
Ct Brain ◽  
Persistent Headache

Headache is a common symptom, with a lifetime prevalence of over 90% of the general population in the United Kingdom (UK). It accounts for 4.4% of consultations in primary care and 30% of neurology outpatient consultations. Neuroimaging is indicated in patients with red flag features for secondary headaches. The guidelines recommend CT or MRI scan to identify any intracranial pathology. We present a unique case where the initial noncontrast CT scan failed to identify a potential treatable cause for headache. A middle aged man presented with headache and underwent a CT scan without contrast enhancement. The scan was reported as normal. The headache persisted for years and the patient underwent a staging CT scan to investigate an oropharyngeal cancer. This repeat CT scan utilized contrast enhancement and revealed a meningioma. Along with other symptoms, headache is an established presenting complaint in patients with meningioma. The contrast enhanced CT brain proved superior to a nonenhanced CT scan in identifying the meningioma. In a patient with persistent headache where other causes are excluded and a scan is to be requested, perhaps contrast enhanced CT is a better option than a plain CT scan of brain.

scholarly journals The Key role of MRI modalities in En Plaque Meningioma

Medicinus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Tirtaprawita ◽  
Wiradharma Wiradharma ◽  
Julius July
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Chronic Headache ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Initial Impression ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tomography Scan

En plaque meningioma is at frontal region is difficult to be differentiated from osteoma, based on CT scan only. En plaque meningioma represents in 2-9% of all meningioma cases. Usually en plaque meningioma grows on the sphenoid wing, whereas only 1 % grows on the frontal and temporal bone. This case is female 37 year- old who presents with chronic headache and huge lump on her right forehead that she believes it slowly enlarges for the last 5 years. The Computerized Tomography scan (CT scan) shows thickening of the right fronto-temporal bone (3-4 cm) with the diameter of 12 cm and bony hard. Initial impression suggests it could be osteoma or fibrous dysplasia. After the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) with contrast, it shows a carpet like tumor underline the thickening bone, and it suggest an en plaque meningioma. For en plaque meningioma, we have to remove the abnormal duramater. We suggest that for a case with a wide thickening calvarian bone, it’s better to get the MRI of the head with contrast.

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