scholarly journals The Underlying Factors of Regional Income Disparities in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
pp. 776-783
Keyword(s):  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Conditional Beta ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
Beta Convergence ◽  
Neoclassical Growth

An increasing of regional data availability has revived of scholars’ interest in regional economic growth and disparities. The main reason for this revival came from attempts to improve the predictive ability of neoclassical model of growth. The objectives of this paper are to examine per capita gross regional product growth disparities, to check the existence of sigma and beta convergence across Indonesian provinces and to identify the underlying factors that affect per capita gross regional product growth. This is a quantitative study, and by making use of Coefficient of Variation and the Neoclassical Growth Model we found that The per capita gross regional product growth disparities tend to increase in the period of study, however, the existence of conditional beta convergence also implies. The underlying factors that are identified affect real per capita GRP growth are export, Foreign Direct Investment, Inflation and government expenditure.

scholarly journals Convergence Across Kazakh Regions

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Frey ◽  
Carmen Wieslhuber
Keyword(s):  
Initial Level ◽  
Regional Convergence ◽  
Neoclassical Growth Model ◽  
Convergence Process ◽  
Sigma Convergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
Beta Convergence ◽  
Neoclassical Growth ◽  
Over Time

Even though Kazakhstan is one of the most successful transition countries in Central Asia it has been neglected in the literature on regional convergence. This paper fills the gap with an empirical analysis of the convergence process on the regional level using annual gross regional product (GRP) data for the period 1998-2008 for the 16 Kazakh regions. Sigma convergence implies that the dispersion of per capita GRP, measured as the standard deviation of per capita GRP across regions, declines over time. Given the growing variation in per capita GRP over time this phenomenon cannot be found for Kazakhstan. In the neoclassical growth model, under the assumption of similar steady states, the growth rate of per capita GRP is negatively related to the initial level of per capita GRP. Surprisingly, we do not find this relation for the Kazakh regions. The data show that there is no evidence for absolute beta convergence. In contrast, the Kazakh regions even seem to diverge.

scholarly journals Explaining Patterns of Corruption in the Russian Regions

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis Dininio ◽  
Robert Orttung
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Size Of Government ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regional Product

Corruption is one of the key problems facing the Russian state as it seeks to evolve out of its socialist past. Naturally, regional patterns of corruption exist across a country as large and diverse as the Russian Federation. To explain these variations, the authors analyze 2002 data from Transparency International and the Information for Democracy Foundation that provide the first effort to measure differences in the incidence of corruption across forty Russian regions. They find that corruption in Russia is fueled by the size of government and by the level of development. Within each region, the amount of corruption increases as the number of bureaucrats grows and gross regional product per capita decreases. Russian policymakers can therefore work to reduce corruption by effectively reforming or scaling back bureaucracies and by encouraging economic development outside of the key centers of Moscow and St. Petersburg.

scholarly journals Estimation of Uneven Development of Lithuanian Regions

Ekonomika ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Cibulskiene ◽  
Mindaugas Butkus ◽  
Kristina Matuzeviciūtė
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Separate Region ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Divergent Development ◽  
Regional Product

The researchers have aimed to analyse the processes of divergent development of Lithuanian regions by estimating the basic parameters of the process of interregional stratification. We have carried out an estimation of the process of differentiation using three parameters: per capita gross regional product (further GRP), per worker GRP and per capita foreign direct investment (further FDI) in a separate region. Using these indicators and the economic classical con vergence-divergence approaches of analysis, the principal dimensions of the unequal development of territorial units in Lithuania have been assessed.

scholarly journals Convergence of electricity consumption in Turkey: Spatial panel data analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülsüm Akarsu ◽  
Burcu Berke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Spatial Panel ◽  
Spatial Panel Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Conditional Beta ◽  
Beta Convergence

The issue of convergence has been discussed in many theoretical and empirical studies. Because per capita electricity consumption is considered as an indication of economic development, this study aims to determine the presence of ?absolute and conditional beta (?) convergence? of per capita total electricity consumption across the provinces of Turkey between 1986 and 2013. This work is the first investigation of electricity consumption convergence in Turkey. Based on the annual balanced panel data and the spatial panel data model, our findings indicate absolute ? convergence of per capita electricity consumption across the provinces of Turkey. We conclude that regional policies are successful in reducing regional disparities in per capita electricity consumption among the provinces of Turkey. However, other indicators of economic development should be examined to determine the overall convergence.

A Comparative Study on World-Wide Carbon Emission Convergence

2017 ◽  
pp. 779-796
Author(s):  
Chhanda Mandal ◽  
Anita Chattopadhyay Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Emission Level ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Conditional Beta ◽  
Beta Convergence

Environmental issue is one of the primary concerns in present global scenario for developed as well as developing countries and reducing the emission level of greenhouse gases is the common objective for all. Study of per capita carbon emission convergence is quite significant in the ongoing debate of climate change policy formulation and implementation as future emission level can only decide the incentive to shift to the clean technology. With a balanced panel of 79 countries and 50 years, over 1960-2009, we have tested for both sigma and beta convergence. The data exhibits a possible convergence in carbon emission. The countries are disaggregated twice, first into OECD and Non-OECD countries and then into five categories on the basis of income. OECD countries show absolute and conditional beta convergence, also with sigma convergence. Countries from lower income group have a lower degree of variability in dispersion in the time period being considered. The set of explanatory variables in this analysis are real GDP per capita, population growth rate and trade openness.

A Comparative Study on World-Wide Carbon Emission Convergence

2016 ◽  
pp. 430-447
Author(s):  
Chhanda Mandal ◽  
Anita Chattopadhyay Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Emission Level ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Conditional Beta ◽  
Beta Convergence

Environmental issue is one of the primary concerns in present global scenario for developed as well as developing countries and reducing the emission level of greenhouse gases is the common objective for all. Study of per capita carbon emission convergence is quite significant in the ongoing debate of climate change policy formulation and implementation as future emission level can only decide the incentive to shift to the clean technology. With a balanced panel of 79 countries and 50 years, over 1960-2009, we have tested for both sigma and beta convergence. The data exhibits a possible convergence in carbon emission. The countries are disaggregated twice, first into OECD and Non-OECD countries and then into five categories on the basis of income. OECD countries show absolute and conditional beta convergence, also with sigma convergence. Countries from lower income group have a lower degree of variability in dispersion in the time period being considered. The set of explanatory variables in this analysis are real GDP per capita, population growth rate and trade openness.

Convergence Anatomization of Aquaculture Production in Leading Fish-Producing Countries During the Period of 1997-2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Kamal Ray ◽  
Utpal Das ◽  
Bankim Chandra Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Sigma Convergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Conditional Beta ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Beta Convergence ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Growth and national importance of aquaculture production is empirically assessed as an important indicator of development. The present article aims to test whether the major aquaculture producing countries of the world are converging over time. The authors have applied the absolute and conditional beta convergence and sigma convergence approaches on the data of FAO for the period 1997-2013. The results show that there is an absolute beta convergence and sigma convergence among 25 major aquaculture producing countries; negative sign of coefficient of conditional beta convergence with per capita income is also noticed. It implies, the growth rates of aquaculture for developed nations are declining with rise in per capita income and backward fish-intensive countries are catching up with the giant producers like China and India. The cross-country variations are also going down which means that the countries' development gaps are getting narrowed by means of growth of aquaculture resources.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF UKRAINE REGIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2(14) (2 (14)) ◽  
pp. 64-83
Author(s):  
Olga Popelo
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regional Product

The article analyzes the resource potential of the regions of Ukraine. Ranking of the regions of Ukraine according to indicators such as the gross regional product, the volume of industrial production sold, the production of agricultural products, the volume of services sold to different consumers, the retail turnover, the existing income and expenditure of the population, the volume of exports and imports, and the use of fuel and energy resources in the calculation per capita. The rating of dynamic changes in these indicators is given and the regions of Ukraine were grouped, resulting in the identification of region-leaders, promising regions, intermediate regions and outsiders regions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of interaction between chosen indicators of development of regions in Ukraine

Equilibrium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Horská ◽  
Serhiy Moroz ◽  
Zuzana Poláková ◽  
Ľudmila Nagyová ◽  
Ihor Paska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Resident Population ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regional Product

Research background: In recent years, special attention has been given to the research direction regarding the study of economic, social, and demographic aspects of regional development. This direction is especially important for transition countries, including Ukraine. Despite that, there is a lack of research studies in which interdependencies of economic and demographic indicators of Ukraine’s regions are investigated. Purpose of the article: The paper assesses the relationships between the selected indicators of Ukrainian regions (export of goods per capita, foreign direct investment per capita, and the average resident population) and gross regional product per capita. Methods: Research results were compared in the periods before and during the military conflict in the eastern part of the country, based on regional data for 2010 and 2015. We used a multiple linear econometric model and tested multicollinearity. Findings & Value added: The analysis confirms that there is a positive correlation between export of goods and gross regional product and between foreign direct investment and gross regional product. That is why it is necessary to pay attention to the effective use of existing trade opportunities, especially within the framework of the Ukraine — EU Association Agreement, and to elaborate directions for further expansion of export activities. It is important to provide simpler and more understandable conditions in order to attract foreign investments in Ukrainian regions. Our study also shows that there is no influence of the average resident population on gross regional product. In many aspects, the interaction between demographic and economic components takes place through the labour market. This situation indicates that insufficient attention is given to regional employment issues, and the quantitative and structural imbalance is observed on the labour market at the regional level. In our opinion, to improve the situation, targeted activities should be elaborated on in the frame of regional development programmes.

scholarly journals Dynamics of China's regional development and pollution: an investigation into the Environmental Kuznets Curve

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENRI L.F. De GROOT ◽  
CEES A. WITHAGEN ◽  
ZHOU MINLIANG
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Waste Gas ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
Section Analysis

This paper addresses the existence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve for China, using a sample of 30 regions, covering the period 1982–1997. The types of pollution included are wastewater, waste gas, and solid waste. We consider the development of the sources of pollution in a pooled cross-section analysis with pollution in absolute levels, in per capita terms, and relative to real Gross Regional Product (GRP). At intermediate levels of GRP per capita, the increase of solid and gas emissions tends to decelerate, but it accelerates again at high levels of GRP per capita. Water pollution decreases with per capita GRP. We also predict future waste gas emissions.

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