Convergence Anatomization of Aquaculture Production in Leading Fish-Producing Countries During the Period of 1997-2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Kamal Ray ◽  
Utpal Das ◽  
Bankim Chandra Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Sigma Convergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Conditional Beta ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Beta Convergence ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Growth and national importance of aquaculture production is empirically assessed as an important indicator of development. The present article aims to test whether the major aquaculture producing countries of the world are converging over time. The authors have applied the absolute and conditional beta convergence and sigma convergence approaches on the data of FAO for the period 1997-2013. The results show that there is an absolute beta convergence and sigma convergence among 25 major aquaculture producing countries; negative sign of coefficient of conditional beta convergence with per capita income is also noticed. It implies, the growth rates of aquaculture for developed nations are declining with rise in per capita income and backward fish-intensive countries are catching up with the giant producers like China and India. The cross-country variations are also going down which means that the countries' development gaps are getting narrowed by means of growth of aquaculture resources.

scholarly journals Konvergensi Pendapatan Per kapitq di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat dan Kalimantan Timur Tahun 2001-2007 serta Faktor - Faktor yang Mempengaruhi

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Sri Kurniawati ◽  
Eddy Suratman
Keyword(s):  
Convergence Rate ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Sigma Convergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Beta Convergence

This research is aimed to identify -disparity of per capita income in of the Kasaba border area (Kalimantan-Sarawak-Sabah) in West Kalimantan and East Kalimantan over the period 2001-2007. It was done by observing the coefficient variation that shows whether the sigma convergence happened or not. The other aims are to examine the determinant of beta convergence using OLS regressions with panel data. The results show that sigma convergence was not happened in West Kalimantan and East Kalimantan over the period 2001-2007. This indicated that the disparity of per capita income was happened. Beta convergence analysis indicated that absolute convergence was happened with convergence rate is 4.46 percent per year and the half-life convergence is 15.45 years. Development expenditure variable, work force participation rate and educational attainment were gave positive influence. On the other hand population growth variable was gave negative influence to the conditional convergence with convergence rate is 4.39 percent per year and the half-life convergence is 15.71 years.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONVERGENSI ANTAR PROVINSI (STUDI KASUS PULAU SUMATERA)

Jurnal Ecogen ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Arief Budiman ◽  
Hasdi Aimon ◽  
Yeniwati Yeniwati
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Transfer Payment ◽  
Sigma Convergence ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Beta Convergence

This  study aims to determine an analyze the influence of foreign direct investment, transfer payment and human development affect capita income. These three variables also used to determine convergence that happenened on the island of Sumatera. Data used from 2012 to 2017involve 10 provinces on the island of Sumatera. This data on this research is secondary data published by the Central Bureau of Statistic. The analytical method used is regression panel to estimate impact dependent variables on capita income. To determine sigma convergence use standart deviation lag of Gross Regional Domestic Income per capita. And to determine beta convergence use Generalized Method Momment (GMM). The result of this study show foreign direct investment, transfer payment and human development have significant impact on per capita income. The result of sigma convergence show the island of Sumatera have sigma convergence from 2012 to 2017. The resut of beta convergence show the island of Sumatera have beta convergence and reach half live convergence in 12 years. Keywords : Convergence, foreign direct investment, transfer payment, human development

An Examination of Per Capita Income Convergence in Emerging Market Economies

2021 ◽  
pp. 097491012110341
Author(s):  
Prakarti Sharma ◽  
Nidhi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Unconditional Convergence ◽  
Income Convergence ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Conditional Convergence ◽  
Convergence Process ◽  
Sigma Convergence ◽  
Per Capita

The study intends to examine the convergence of per capita income in emerging market economies (EMEs) toward a steady state for the post reform period (1999–2019). Cross-sectional regression analysis has been performed for unconditional convergence and a panel data regression to find the conditional convergence in EMEs. Sigma convergence has been applied to find the dispersion of income level in EMEs. In addition, to find the impact of global financial crisis on the convergence process of EMEs, unit root test with one structural break has been applied. The findings indicate that there exists unconditional convergence among EMEs toward a common steady state. Further, the results show a significant role of all control variables except education in the growth process but prove the absence of conditional convergence in selected EMEs. The results of sigma convergence find that the dispersion of per capita income is declining in EMEs, showing the sign of sigma convergence in EMEs. However, this study provides further scope to examine per capita income convergence among EMEs by including other variables and their effect on the convergence process of EMEs.

Regional economic growth in India: convergence or divergence?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryakanta Nayak ◽  
Dukhabandhu Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Conditional Beta

Purpose This paper aims to examine the convergence in per-capita income (measured as per-capita net state domestic product) of regions in India during the period 1990–1991 to 2017–2018. Two separate analyses have also been done for the sub-periods, i.e., 1990–1991 to 2003–2004 and 2004–2005 to 2017–2018, to find out the effect of the second phase of economic liberalization in India. Design/methodology/approach In a panel data study, the estimation of absolute and conditional beta (β)-convergence and sigma (σ)-convergence across 17 Indian regions have been done. To measure the dispersion of per-capita income across the regions in India, the standard deviation of logs, Gini coefficient, Mehran measure, Piesch measure, Kakwani measure and Theil index have been estimated. In addition to this, these indices have been regressed over time. Findings This study finds the presence of absolute and conditional β-convergence; the regions with low initial per-capita income have grown faster than the regions with high initial per-capita income. Further, this study finds that foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow and the availability of power enhance growth across regions. However, this study finds the presence of σ-divergence, which indicates that the economic inequality among the regions in India has widened over the periods, calling for policy interventions to promote growth in the backward regions through the promotion of FDI inflow and the availability of power. Originality/value This study highlights the rising economic inequality among the regions in India by analyzing the latest available data through appropriate econometric techniques.

The Problem of Agricultural Taxation in West Pakistan and an Alternative Solution: A Comment (Notes & Comments)

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Khan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

In the Summer 1973 issue of the Pakistan Development Review, Mr. Mohammad Ghaffar Chaudhry [1] has dealt with two very important issues relating to the intersectoral tax equity and the intrasectoral tax equity within the agricultural sector in Pakistan. Using a simple criterion for vertical tax equity that implies that the tax rate rises with per capita income such that the ratio of revenue to income rises at the same percentage rate as per capita income, Mr. Chaudhry found that the agricultural sector is overtaxed in Pakistan. Mr. Chaudhry further found that the land tax is a regressive levy with respect to the farm size. Both findings, if valid, have important policy implications. In this note we argue that the validity of the findings on intersectoral tax equity depends on the treatment of water rate as tax rather than the price of a service provided by the Government and on the shifting assumptions regard¬ing the indirect taxes on imports and domestic production levied by the Central Government. The relevance of the findings on the intrasectoral tax burden would have been more obvious if the tax liability was related to income from land per capita.

A Successful Population Policy: Potentials and Constraints (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4I) ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Hans-Rimbert Hemmer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Per Capita

The current rapid population growth in many developing countries is the result of an historical process in the course of which mortality rates have fallen significantly but birthrates have remained constant or fallen only slightly. Whereas, in industrial countries, the drop in mortality rates, triggered by improvements in nutrition and progress in medicine and hygiene, was a reaction to economic development, which ensured that despite the concomitant growth in population no economic difficulties arose (the gross national product (GNP) grew faster than the population so that per capita income (PCI) continued to rise), the drop in mortality rates to be observed in developing countries over the last 60 years has been the result of exogenous influences: to a large degree the developing countries have imported the advances made in industrial countries in the fields of medicine and hygiene. Thus, the drop in mortality rates has not been the product of economic development; rather, it has occurred in isolation from it, thereby leading to a rise in population unaccompanied by economic growth. Growth in GNP has not kept pace with population growth: as a result, per capita income in many developing countries has stagnated or fallen. Mortality rates in developing countries are still higher than those in industrial countries, but the gap is closing appreciably. Ultimately, this gap is not due to differences in medical or hygienic know-how but to economic bottlenecks (e.g. malnutrition, access to health services)

Income-Based Poverty among Non-Farm Households in Rural Punjab

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-210
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Service Category ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Per Capita

This paper focuses upon the magnitude of income-based poverty among non-farm households in rural Punjab. Based on the primary survey, a sample of 440 rural non-farm households were taken from 44 sampled villages located in all 22 districts of Punjab.The poverty was estimated on the basis of income level. For measuring poverty, various methods/criteria (Expert Group Criteria, World Bank Method and State Per Capita Income Criterion) were used. On the basis of Expert Group Income criterion, overall, less than one-third of the persons of rural non-farm household categories are observed to be poor. On the basis, 40 percent State Per Capita Income Criteria, around three-fourth of the persons of all rural non-farm household categories are falling underneath poverty line. Similarly, the occurrence of the poverty, on the basis of 50 percent State Per Capita Income Criteria, showed that nearly four-fifths of the persons are considered to be poor. As per World Bank’s $ 1.90 per day, overall, less than one-fifth of rural non-farm household persons are poor. Slightly, less than one-fourth of the persons are belonging to self-employment category, while, slightly, less than one-tenth falling in-service category. On the basis of $ 3.10 per day criteria, overall, less than two-fifth persons of all rural non-farm household categories were living below the poverty line.

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