scholarly journals Place Attachment and Collective Action Tendency

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Jaśkiewicz ◽  
Tomasz Besta

Three studies were carried out to examine how place attachment and collective action tendency are related and what role self-expansion and social interactions play in this relationship. In the first study (N = 156) we found that a more active form of attachment – place discovered – is a significant predictor of tendency to engage in collective action in favor of one’s neighborhood. In the second study (N = 197), we focused on frequency of social interactions in one’s neighborhood as the antecedent of place attachment and collective action tendencies. We found that inhabitants who declared more frequent social interactions in one’s neighborhood, expressed stronger place discovered, and this attachment is related to collective action tendencies. In the third study (N = 153), we tested if self-expansion mediates this relationship. We found that stronger place discovered was related to the feeling of self-expansion that resulted from contact with neighbors. Moreover, self-expansion was related to the tendency to engage in collective action.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Holtmann ◽  
Julia Buskas ◽  
Matthew Steele ◽  
Kristaps Solokovskis ◽  
Jochen B. W. Wolf

Abstract Cooperation is a prevailing feature of many animal systems. Coalitionary aggression, where a group of individuals engages in coordinated behaviour to the detriment of conspecific targets, is a form of cooperation involving complex social interactions. To date, evidence has been dominated by studies in humans and other primates with a clear bias towards studies of male-male coalitions. We here characterize coalitionary aggression behaviour in a group of female carrion crows consisting of recruitment, coordinated chase, and attack. The individual of highest social rank liaised with the second most dominant individual to engage in coordinated chase and attack of a lower ranked crow on several occasions. Despite active intervention by the third most highly ranked individual opposing the offenders, the attack finally resulted in the death of the victim. All individuals were unrelated, of the same sex, and naïve to the behaviour excluding kinship, reproduction, and social learning as possible drivers. Instead, the coalition may reflect a strategy of the dominant individual to secure long-term social benefits. Overall, the study provides evidence that members of the crow family engage in coordinated alliances directed against conspecifics as a possible means to manipulate their social environment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 410-433
Author(s):  
Daniel Lord Smail

Abstract This study uses an extensive body of archival evidence from Latin-Christian sources to explore economic and social interactions between Provençal Jews and Christians. Evidence discussed in section one indicates that the city’s Jewish and Christian communities interacted to a significant degree, and not just in the domain of moneylending. Data derived from a network analysis suggests that Jews were prominent in providing brokerage services. In the second section, analysis of a small sample of Jewish estate inventories indicates that the material profiles of Jewish and Christian families were very similar. In the third section, an analysis of a register of debt collection shows that Jews were involved in credit relations at a rate that was proportional to their population. Jewish moneylenders filled an economic niche by providing Christians with the liquidity to pay off structural debts generated by the political economy of rents and taxes.


2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-476
Author(s):  
Niels Selling

AbstractWhat determines whether or not firms lobby on the same policy issues? Scholars offer two broad answers to this question. Firms that are (1) similar or (2) connected through interorganizational ties target the same policy issues. In this article, I argue that the co-occurrence of these two conditions produces the opposite outcome, namely a tendency to lobby on different issues. This expectation draws on ideas from collective action theory and the literature on issue niches. From these, I derive the following assumptions: similar firms share political objectives and they should, when possible, act collectively by jointly delegating their lobbying activities. The reason for doing this is that it allows them to focus on their issue niches. However, the ability to delegate hinges on coordination and monitoring, which is facilitated by interorganizational relations. To test this proposition, I study the largest American corporations. The dependent variable is activity overlap, a measure of the extent to which firms lobby on the same issues. According to expectations, activity overlap is reduced when firms operate in the same industry and, simultaneously, enjoy favorable conditions for social interactions, such as a concentrated market structure. These results lend support to collective action theory.


Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Velez ◽  
Florian Jentsch

Robots are currently utilized by various civilian and military agencies, and are becoming more common in human environments. These machines can vary in form and function, but require an interface supporting naturalistic social interactions. Emotion is a key component of social interaction that conveys states and action tendencies, and standard design protocol is necessary to guide the research and development of emotive display systems so that reliable implementations are supported. This work suggests a framework for conveying emotion based on the analogous physical features of emotive cues and their associations with the dimensions of emotion. Sound, kinesics, and color can be manipulated according to their speed, intensity, regularity, and extent to convey the emotive states of a robot. Combinations of cues can enhance human recognition accuracy of robot emotion, but further research is necessary to understand the extent of these interactions and establish each parameter space.


Author(s):  
Žarko Đorić

Declining trust is one of the central problems in modem politics. Trust declines in collective action arrangements. Trust is one of the "big questions," and "one of the normal obligations of political life." Embedded within it are fundamental issues of politics and democratic theory. In this article, I want to discuss which different conceptions of trust (and relations to democracy). The paper  proceeds as  follows. In the first part, the conceptual and theoretical definition of trust is given. In the second part it points to one of the basic division of  trust which is present in the literature. Finally, in the third part, the relationship between trust and democracy is pointed out and appropriate argumentation is offered.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Aulia Mustika Ilmiani

AbstractOne of the lecturers in the Department of Arabic at IAIN Palangka Raya teaches the reading using newest way and innovation compared to the previous ones. The innovation contains a variety of learning materials, learning strategies and learning evaluation.From this phenomenon, the researcher concluded that in reading skill teaching as done by one of the lecturers at IAIN Palangka Raya, there are some indicators of learning that are based on Vigotsky’s social constructivism theory in which it focuses on the roles of the students and social interaction in learning between the lecturers and the students or interaction among students.The aim of this research is to describe reading skill learning performed by the third semester students of IAIN Palangka Raya in 2016-2017 Academic Year. By looking the phenomena in the field in the perspective of processes, activities and interactions during teaching and learning process.This study is classified as descriptive qualitative research using case study design at IAIN Palangka Raya in 2016-2017.Techniques of data collecton in this research include interview, observation and documentation. The data  should be examined by using triangulation.The results of the study can be explained as follows: First, the goal of the teaching reading skill to the third semester students of  IAIN Palangka Raya 2016-2017 in the perspectivesof Vygotsky’ social constructivism theory; it can be seen from lecturer’s explanations towards reading skill focusing on discussion together with her students. Discussion is a kind social interactions between the lecturer and her students and social interactions among students. Second, learning materials of learning of reading skill in the view of of Vygotsky’ social constructivism theory, can be seen also from lecturer’s explanation which are relevant to students’ everyday life and their experiences around them. The materials to be used are based on the consideration of the purpose, prior knowledge, time and available place, and the numbers of students who follow the lesson. Third, the strategy of learning in the view of Vygotsky’s social constructivism theory,  can be seen from the strategy used by the lecturer such as; cooperative learning strategy, top down processing strategy and discovery learning strategy. These three strategies stress on the roles and the activeness of students in the learning-activities. Fourth, the evaluation of learning of reading skill in the view of Vygotsky’s social constructivism theory can be seen from the learning evaluation of reading skill as applied by the lecturer. The evaluation not only tests and examines one aspect of the skill, but also covers all aspects of the shill at once. Test of reading skill, not only deal with reading skill but also it covers other skills such as speaking skill, writing skills, structure and translation.


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