scholarly journals Brain Dain, its Determinants and Solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-209
Author(s):  
Maryam Noor ◽  
Qadir Bakhsh Baloch
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Economic Instability ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
The Brain

Brain drain is an important issue that leads to losing skilled human resource ultimately results in psychosocial and economic instability of the country. The aim of the present study was to review the different studies on the phenomenon of brain drain. Studies on different issues were thoroughly reviewed which include the definition, causes, determinants, evolution and the recommendations for reducing negative consequences of brain drain. Also studies of different developing countries and of Pakistan as well were reviewed to see the negative and positive consequences of this issue. Pakistan because of its political instability and economic downfall is facing the problem of skilled trainees, doctors and professionals; therefore the present study focused the causes and effects of brain drain. Some recommendations were identified from the analysis of different research papers, which can help in the reduction of negative factors associated with the Brain drain phenomena.

scholarly journals Brain Circulation, the Phenomenon and Challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Lajda Bana
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Brain Circulation ◽  
Brain Gain ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The People ◽  
The Brain

The world of today which seeks globalization, while the economic inequality, corruption, political instability, and moreover wars prevail, it is always associated with the movement of people towards what might be called the ‘best for their future’. This movement is not just a mechanical action, but is a phenomenon associated with social, economic and political consequences not only to the country of origin but also for the host country. The departure of the people from their land is a well-known and proven phenomenon mainly of the developing countries. This phenomenon includes also the so-called brain drain emigration, the departure of skilled people, professionals and researchers from their own country to other places. The brain drain is not only a phenomenon that belongs to developing countries, or former communist states, or those countries in war, but it can also affect the developed Western countries. Brain drain does not always constitute a brain gain in the host country. In most of the cases, people who have to leave the countries in political instability or former communist countries, even if they are qualified and holders of university degrees, they are obliged to work in humble jobs which can be simply exercised by persons without university qualifications. Consequently, the brain drain phenomenon is not automatically turned into a benefit 'brain gain' for the host country; on the contrary, it might even be turned into the so-called brain-waste. A social challenge in this context remains the turn of "brain drain" into "brain gain" or "brain circulation". Therefore, one of the current priorities for governments is to create effective economic and social conditions which would enhance the integration of the graduates, researchers and professionals into their national and regional markets

scholarly journals Brain Circulation, the Phenomenon and Challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lajda Bana
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Brain Circulation ◽  
Brain Gain ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The People ◽  
The Brain

The world of today which seeks globalization, while the economic inequality, corruption, political instability, and moreover wars prevail, it is always associated with the movement of people towards what might be called the ‘best for their future’. This movement is not just a mechanical action, but is a phenomenon associated with social, economic and political consequences not only to the country of origin but also for the host country. The departure of the people from their land is a well-known and proven phenomenon mainly of the developing countries. This phenomenon includes also the so-called brain drain emigration, the departure of skilled people, professionals and researchers from their own country to other places. The brain drain is not only a phenomenon that belongs to developing countries, or former communist states, or those countries in war, but it can also affect the developed Western countries. Brain drain does not always constitute a brain gain in the host country. In most of the cases, people who have to leave the countries in political instability or former communist countries, even if they are qualified and holders of university degrees, they are obliged to work in humble jobs which can be simply exercised by persons without university qualifications. Consequently, the brain drain phenomenon is not automatically turned into a benefit 'brain gain' for the host country; on the contrary, it might even be turned into the so-called brain-waste. A social challenge in this context remains the turn of "brain drain" into "brain gain" or "brain circulation". Therefore, one of the current priorities for governments is to create effective economic and social conditions which would enhance the integration of the graduates, researchers and professionals into their national and regional markets

African Diaspora Academics

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibelius Amutuhaire
Keyword(s):  
African Diaspora ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
African Students ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Universities ◽  
The Brain

Internationalization of higher education is not new to Africa. It helped in the establishment of several African universities in the continent's post-colonial period. In addition, thousands of African students had the opportunity to study in foreign universities through various exchange programs. However, internationalization has also led to African academics migrating into the diaspora in the West and other parts of the world, leading to the phenomenon of Africa's brain drain. This chapter examined the negative consequences of the brain drain and advocates its reversal by suggesting that African diaspora academics can be mobilized to help expand capacities in African universities and education in totality. It urges African governments and university administrators to provide leadership in this regard, especially by offering sufficient incentives to African diaspora academics to help revitalize and strengthen the continent's education sector.

Compensation for the brain drain from developing countries

The Lancet ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 373 (9676) ◽  
pp. 1665-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenechukwu Agwu ◽  
Megan Llewelyn
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
The Brain

Reviews and Notice

1978 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-91 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Corporate Planning ◽  
The Brain

GENERAL: ASOKA MEHTA Reflections on Socialist Era. S. Chand GENERAL: A.K. DIXIT: Optimization in Economic Theory. GENERAL: S. VENU: Successful Management in Developing Countries: 5-Corporate Planning. GENERAL: P. VAS-ZOLTAN: The Brain Drain: An Anomaly of International Relations. GENERAL: MILENKOVITCH, DEBORAH and MICHAEL ( Ed.) : Milovan Djilas : Parts of a Lifetime.

Should a Cosmopolitan Worry about the “Brain Drain”?

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devesh Kapur ◽  
John McHale
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Many developing countries are experiencing high rates of emigration of their highly skilled citizens. This essay asks if a cosmopolitan—who we take to be generally supportive of freer international migration—should worry about the adverse effects on those remaining behind in poor countries. We document the extent of skilled outflows, discuss the causes and consequences of those outflows, and offer principles to guide a cosmopolitan policy response. We argue that skilled emigration harms long-run institutional development. The right response, however, is not to shut down the one reasonably liberal element of the international migration regime but to look for ways to make international migration work better for development.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Brain Drain Effect in Developing Countries: A Higher Education Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghav Sriram
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Skilled Immigrants ◽  
The Brain

Frédéric Docquier, professor of Economics at Université Catholique de Louvain and researcher in migration and its economic effects, defines the “brain drain effect” as the transfer and migration of highly educated individuals from developing to developed countries. While the brain drain effect does present concern for richer more developed countries in terms of the native population’s job security and employment, it has a much more detrimental effect on poorer developing countries1 Once a high-skilled professional migrates out of their developing country after the time and money put in their training, they pay no taxes back to their home country and overall contribute no economic benefit.1 Furthermore, this can lead to shortages of manpower in certain professions due to the disproportionally large population of health professionals and engineers who emigrate, undermining a country’s ability to adopt new technologies and limits a developing nation’s growth potential. In 2010 there were 27.3 million foreign-born workers with higher education living in countries part of the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) with two-thirds of these high-skilled immigrants coming from developing countries, a 70% increase in ten years. This increase comes despite developing countries efforts in establishing and investing in infrastructure and education and the promotion of incentives to attract back high-skilled immigrants to their home countries.In many Middle Eastern countries, higher education fails to address the domestic issues within its country but rather the problems in other societies leading to an unfit workforce and the migration of thousands. Seeing as the effects of brain drain in developing countries are growing each year, changes must be made within post-secondary education in developing countries in order to retain a higher percentage of high-skilled educated persons.

On modeling actual socio-economic factors and development trends in the Republic of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
K. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Strategy Of Development ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

As a result of the increased level of uncertainty and variability of the socio-economic environment, the influence of various social pathologies (for example, the COVID-19 pandemic, etc.) has grown, that have significant negative consequences for the functioning of society. Modeling the most important factors and trends in social development will help to resist the impact of modern negative changes. From the analysis of the socio-economic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, it is obvious that there exists the effect of all those factors and trends in social development that are positive and are primarily associated with STP (including the digitalization of society), as well as the effect of negative factors associated with various social pathologies. The strategy of development of the Uzbek economy is aimed at strengthening the former and limiting the latter.

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