Production Of Bioplastics From Renewable And Sustainable Feedstock Resources

10.32920/ryerson.14649030.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Chaudhry

Keyword(s):

Ralstonia Eutropha ◽

Ph Control ◽

Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽

Treatment Methods ◽

Hydrolysis Yield ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Enzyme Dosage ◽

Hydrolysis Conditions ◽

Simple Sugar ◽

Potential Opportunity

This study illustrates the potential opportunity for the utilization of hemp to produce PHB (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). The objective of the study was to optimize simple sugar availability from hemp for Ralstonia eutropha. The use of three pre-treatment methods (grinded – 5% NaOH – Autoclave at 121 oC for 60 minutes) was able to provide a better fractional insoluble solids (FIS) of ≃ 61 % that was significantly better compared to other combinations of pre-treatments studied. Optimum enzyme dosage was also determined by comparing different enzyme concentrations and found that three enzymes should contain a dose of 1.5 g /L. The optimum pretreatment and hydrolysis conditions resulted in a better enzyme hydrolysis yield of 10.9 % and PHB yield of ≃ 43 %. Results also demonstrate that sonification did not improve PHB recovery, while pH control increased PHB recovery. Keywords: Hemp, Ralstonia eutropha, PHB, Pre-treatment, Enzyme Hydrolysis

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Production, Extraction, and Characterization of Green Biodegradable Bioplastics Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHB) for Biomedical Applications

10.32920/ryerson.14640033 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jehan Yousif

Keyword(s):

Carbon Footprint ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Ralstonia Eutropha ◽

Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽

Chemical Bonds ◽

Hemp Fibers ◽

Simple Sugar

Biodegradable plastics are that kind of plastics that will decompose naturally, when environmental microorganisms metabolize and break down the chemical bonds present in the structure of biopolymer. Bio-plastics offer an advantage to earth by reducing carbon footprint and use of fossil fuel. Bio-plastics are completely biodegradable and can be recycled. The focus of the study was to produce green bioplastics by utilizing the sugar hydrolysate of Hemp fibers. Producing of Bioplastic was pursued in fermentation experiments, where HEMP was utilized as feedstock to produce PHB. Hemp fibers were initially pretreated, and then enzymatically hydrolyzed to produce PHB. Hemp can produce PHB (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) when the environmental conditions are controlled. The objective of the study was to optimize simple sugar availability from hemp for Ralstonia eutropha. Powedered hemp with the contration of 5% NaOH, and 1.5g/ L of enzyme addition was found to yield the best restluts in the production process of Bioplastics as the fractional insoluble solids (FIS) of ≃ 61 % was significantly better compared to other combinations of pre-treatments studied. The enzyme hydrolysis yield of 10.9 % and PHB yield of ≃ 43 % were also found in this study.

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Production, Extraction, and Characterization of Green Biodegradable Bioplastics Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHB) for Biomedical Applications

10.32920/ryerson.14640033.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jehan Yousif

Keyword(s):

Carbon Footprint ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Ralstonia Eutropha ◽

Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽

Chemical Bonds ◽

Hemp Fibers ◽

Simple Sugar

Biodegradable plastics are that kind of plastics that will decompose naturally, when environmental microorganisms metabolize and break down the chemical bonds present in the structure of biopolymer. Bio-plastics offer an advantage to earth by reducing carbon footprint and use of fossil fuel. Bio-plastics are completely biodegradable and can be recycled. The focus of the study was to produce green bioplastics by utilizing the sugar hydrolysate of Hemp fibers. Producing of Bioplastic was pursued in fermentation experiments, where HEMP was utilized as feedstock to produce PHB. Hemp fibers were initially pretreated, and then enzymatically hydrolyzed to produce PHB. Hemp can produce PHB (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) when the environmental conditions are controlled. The objective of the study was to optimize simple sugar availability from hemp for Ralstonia eutropha. Powedered hemp with the contration of 5% NaOH, and 1.5g/ L of enzyme addition was found to yield the best restluts in the production process of Bioplastics as the fractional insoluble solids (FIS) of ≃ 61 % was significantly better compared to other combinations of pre-treatments studied. The enzyme hydrolysis yield of 10.9 % and PHB yield of ≃ 43 % were also found in this study.

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Selective Separation of Chalcopyrite from Galena Using a Green Reagent Scheme

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11080796 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 796

Author(s):

Kaile Zhao ◽

Chao Ma ◽

Guohua Gu ◽

Zhiyong Gao

Keyword(s):

High Selectivity ◽

Sodium Sulfite ◽

Ph Control ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

Theoretical Research ◽

Depression Effect ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Pre Treatment

The study of the depression effect of non-toxic depressants on the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from galena is of great importance for both industrial applications and theoretical research. The mixed depressant (DFinal) of four common inhibitors—sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium silicate, sodium sulfite, and zinc sulfate—exhibited high selectivity during the separation of chalcopyrite from galena. Flotation tests on an industrial copper–lead bulk concentrate showed that using this depressant mixture can achieve highly efficient separation of chalcopyrite from galena at the natural pH of the pulp. Copper and lead concentrates were produced at grades of 21.88% (Cu) and 75.53% (Pb), with recoveries of 89.07% (Cu) and 98.26% (Pb). This showed a similar performance of DFinal with dichromate, which is a depressant that is widely used in industry, but without the environmental risks or the need for pH control. Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) results showed that interaction between the surface of the chalcopyrite and the mixed depressant was prevented by pre-treatment with a composite thiophosphate collector (CSU11), while the mixed depressant could expel/replace the composite thiophosphate on the surface of galena by chemical adsorption, depressing its flotation. This is the reason why this non-toxic depressant achieved the selective depression of galena from chalcopyrite, leading to efficient flotation separation.

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Research on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Whey Protein

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.3205 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 411-414 ◽

pp. 3205-3209

Author(s):

Fang Qian ◽

Lei Zhao ◽

Shu Juan Jiang ◽

Guang Qing Mu

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Whey Protein ◽

Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽

Quadratic Regression ◽

Orthogonal Regression ◽

Single Factor Analysis ◽

Verification Test ◽

Enzyme Dosage ◽

Hydrolysis Conditions ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Based on single factor analysis for the enzymatic hydrolysis of whey protein, papain was selected as the optimal enzyme and its enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were optimized by the quadratic regression orthogonal rotary test. The orthogonal regression model for degree of hydrolysis (DH) to three factors including temperature (X1), time (X2), enzyme dosage (X3) was established as follow: DH=10.40+0.22X1+0.30X2+1.31X3+0.019X1X2+0.011X1X3-0.039X2X3-0.39X12-0.16X22-0.40X32, Verification test showed a DH of 11.7% was obtained at the optimal hydrolysis condition of 56.6°C, 113.8 min and enzyme 8213.7 U /g protein, which basically consisted with the model theoretical value.

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Minimizing of foaming in digesters by pre-treatment of the surplus-sludge

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0215 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 42 (9) ◽

pp. 235-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

M. Barjenbruch ◽

H. Hoffmann ◽

O. Kopplow ◽

J. Tränckner

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Treatment Methods ◽

Foaming Agents ◽

Instance Reduction ◽

Filamentous Microorganisms ◽

Hydrophobic Substances ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Heating Up ◽

The Impact

Several reasons can lead to the emergence of foam in digesting tanks, for instance overloading or the impact of hydrophobic substances. Furthermore, the foaming is in regular periods going together with the emergence of filamentous microorganisms. Up to now, several strategies to avoid foaming have been tested out (for instance reduction of the sludge load in the activated sludge stage, lowering of the sludge level in the digestion tank, dosage of anti foaming agents), but these have been done relatively unsystematically and with more or less success. For our contribution, laboratory-scale digestion tests were run to analyse mechanical and thermal pre-treatment methods for the destruction of the surplus sludge. Whereas the disintegration by a high pressure homogeniser did only achieve a low reduction of the foam phase, the thermal pre-treatment at 121°C made for an effective subduing of the foam emergence. Both methods allowed for a cutting up of the filaments, but only the heating up effected the reduction of the hydrophobic substances; thus, the foaming is possibly caused by them.

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