scholarly journals Isolation, Separation and Identification of the Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) Protein Fraction from the Activated Sludge Floc

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Brei
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Noncovalent Interactions ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Microbial Flocs

The purpose of this study was to expand the current knowledge of the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), principally EPS proteins, and their influence on structure, stability and surface chemistry of microbial flocs in activated sludge. It was proposed that a substantial portion of EPS proteins contains glycoproteins or proteins that are strongly bound noncovalently to carbohydrates. Various buffer additives, purification and precipitation methods were employed for protein purification and several glycoprotein detection methods were utilized for glycoprotein detection in the EPS. The proteins were separated with success, with a substantial portion suggesting either a possible glycosylation or strong noncovalent interactions with carbohydrate moiety. An enzyme, oligoendopeptidase F from M3B family was tentatively identified as a major protein present. These results suggest that proteins in the activated sludge EPS may exist in a very intricate arrangement. Furthermore, the EPS peptides may get degraded by naturally present enzymes in the EPS after the protein is digested prior to mass spectrum (MS), making the identification challenging.

scholarly journals Isolation, Separation and Identification of the Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) Protein Fraction from the Activated Sludge Floc

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Brei
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Noncovalent Interactions ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Microbial Flocs

The purpose of this study was to expand the current knowledge of the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), principally EPS proteins, and their influence on structure, stability and surface chemistry of microbial flocs in activated sludge. It was proposed that a substantial portion of EPS proteins contains glycoproteins or proteins that are strongly bound noncovalently to carbohydrates. Various buffer additives, purification and precipitation methods were employed for protein purification and several glycoprotein detection methods were utilized for glycoprotein detection in the EPS. The proteins were separated with success, with a substantial portion suggesting either a possible glycosylation or strong noncovalent interactions with carbohydrate moiety. An enzyme, oligoendopeptidase F from M3B family was tentatively identified as a major protein present. These results suggest that proteins in the activated sludge EPS may exist in a very intricate arrangement. Furthermore, the EPS peptides may get degraded by naturally present enzymes in the EPS after the protein is digested prior to mass spectrum (MS), making the identification challenging.

Composition of extracellular polymeric substances in the activated sludge floc matrix

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bura ◽  
M. Cheung ◽  
B. Liao ◽  
J. Finlayson ◽  
B. C. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Microbial Flocs ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharides

The precise role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in relation to the formation and physicochemical properties of microbial floc in wastewater treatment systems is not well known. Studies were undertaken to provide more comprehensive descriptions of EPS and properties of microbial floc. Acidic polysaccharides and DNA were relatively labile components of the EPS when biomass was stored at 4°C or at −20°C, and significant losses of these components were observed within 24 hours. The composition and properties of activated sludge were found to vary between different full-scale treatment systems reflecting the importance of wastewater composition and operation conditions on microbial communities and the response to environmental conditions. The COD:N:P ratio was found to influence hydrophobicity, surface charge and the EPS composition of microbial flocs in well-controlled bench-scale sequencing batch reactors. Phosphorus depleted and P-limited conditions resulted in a decrease in surface charge but increases in acidic polysaccharides which corresponded to a strong carboxyl stretch at 1740 cm−1 when the biomass was analysed by FTIR-spectroscopy. Electron dense particles, identified by energy-dispersive spectroscopy as containing iron, phosphorus and sulfur, were observed in the fibrils of the floc matrix by transmission electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Identification of Biomolecules Involved in the Adaptation to the Environment of Cold-Loving Microorganisms and Metabolic Pathways for Their Production

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Eva Garcia-Lopez ◽  
Paula Alcazar ◽  
Cristina Cid
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Light Protection ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Function Discovery

Cold-loving microorganisms of all three domains of life have unique and special abilities that allow them to live in harsh environments. They have acquired structural and molecular mechanisms of adaptation to the cold that include the production of anti-freeze proteins, carbohydrate-based extracellular polymeric substances and lipids which serve as cryo- and osmoprotectants by maintaining the fluidity of their membranes. They also produce a wide diversity of pigmented molecules to obtain energy, carry out photosynthesis, increase their resistance to stress and provide them with ultraviolet light protection. Recently developed analytical techniques have been applied as high-throughoutput technologies for function discovery and for reconstructing functional networks in psychrophiles. Among them, omics deserve special mention, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, glycomics, lipidomics and metabolomics. These techniques have allowed the identification of microorganisms and the study of their biogeochemical activities. They have also made it possible to infer their metabolic capacities and identify the biomolecules that are parts of their structures or that they secrete into the environment, which can be useful in various fields of biotechnology. This Review summarizes current knowledge on psychrophiles as sources of biomolecules and the metabolic pathways for their production. New strategies and next-generation approaches are needed to increase the chances of discovering new biomolecules.

The responses of activated sludge to membrane cleaning reagent H2O2 and protection of extracellular polymeric substances

2021 ◽  
pp. 111817
Author(s):  
Bei Jiang ◽  
Qianzhi Zeng ◽  
Yuan Hou ◽  
Hongxin Li ◽  
Shengnan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Membrane Cleaning

Roles of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the migration and removal of sulfamethazine in activated sludge system

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (14) ◽  
pp. 5298-5306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Xu ◽  
Guo-Ping Sheng ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Long-Fei Wang ◽  
Han-Qing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Activated Sludge System

scholarly journals RT-PCR for COVID-19: Diagnosis Made Easy

BioMedica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2S) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Osheen Sajjad ◽  
Aiman Shahzad ◽  
Saqib Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Affected Person ◽  
Sampling Procedures

<p>Coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV2), is highly contagious and has been a pandemic since March 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruswhich spreadsthrough air droplets by sneezing and coughing from affected person. The diagnosis of the COVID-19 remains a challenge to the scientists since the genome of the SARS-CoV-2 was novel and varying. Various studies have reported the validated procedures for sampling and the detection method of SARS-CoV-2. This mini-review provides a brief introduction of the SARS-CoV-2 features and the current knowledge for the recommended COVID19 detection methods including sampling procedures and real time SARS-CoV-2 genome detection.</p>

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