Ventricular fibrillation detection algorithm for automated external defibrillators

Distance Measure ◽

Normal Sinus Rhythm ◽

Heart Association ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

Detection Accuracy ◽

Normal Sinus ◽

Dominant Pole ◽

Ar Modeling

The automatic external defibrillator (AED) is a lifesaving device, which processes and analyzes the electrocardiogram (ECG) and prompts a defibrillation shock if ventricular fibrillation is determined. This project investigates the possibility of developing a Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) detection algorithm based on Autoregressive Modeling (AR Modeling) and dominant poles for the use in AEDs. In particular, the ECG segment is modeled using AR modeling and the dominant poles are extracted from the model transfer function. The dominant pole frequencies were then used in classification based on the distance measure. The potential use of this method to distinguish between VF and Normal sinus rhythm (NSR) is discussed. The method was tested with ECG records from the widely recognized databases of American Heart Association (AHA) and the Creighton University (CU). Sensitivity and specificity for the new VF detection method were calculated to be 66% and 94% respectively. The proposed method has some advantages over other existing VF detection algorithms; it has a high detection accuracy, it is computationally inexpensive and can be easily implemented in hardware.

Ventricular fibrillation detection algorithm for automated external defibrillators

10.32920/ryerson.14660661 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marjan M. Kusha

Keyword(s):

Distance Measure ◽

Normal Sinus Rhythm ◽

Heart Association ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

Detection Accuracy ◽

Normal Sinus ◽

Dominant Pole ◽

Ar Modeling

Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation Analysis Based on Jensen-Shannon Divergence Analysis

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.712 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 321-324 ◽

pp. 712-715

Author(s):

Zheng Zhong Zheng ◽

Jun Chang Zhao ◽

Jun Wang

Keyword(s):

Ventricular Tachycardia ◽

Sinus Rhythm ◽

Complexity Analysis ◽

Heart Function ◽

Normal Sinus Rhythm ◽

Normal Sinus ◽

Practice Of Medicine ◽

Cardiac Sudden Death ◽

Jensen Shannon Divergence

t is an important method for using electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect and diagnose heart function in clinical practice of medicine. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are serious threats for peoples lives, they often bring about cardiac sudden death. In this paper, the complexity analysis method based on Jensen-Shannon Divergence was used to calculate the complexity of the normal sinus rhythm signals, VT, VF. The study found that the VF was highest, followed by that of VT, and that of normal sinus rhythm signals was minimum. The result can be used to assisted clinical diagnosis.

AN EFFICIENT ALGORITHM FOR R PEAKS DETECTION OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAM SIGNALS

Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1142/s0219519421500512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (07) ◽

Author(s):

SHUJUAN WANG ◽

JUNFEN CHENG ◽

FANCHUANG LI ◽

YANZHONG WANG ◽

WANG LIU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sinus Rhythm ◽

Normal Sinus Rhythm ◽

Decision Rules ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Band Pass Filter ◽

Accurate Analysis ◽

Pass Filter ◽

Ecg Signals ◽

Normal Sinus

Efficient [Formula: see text] peaks detection is the key to the accurate analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals which is a benefit to the early detection of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, many effective [Formula: see text] peaks detection methods have been proposed, however, the false detection rate is relatively high when the noisy ECG signal is involved. Based on the property of MTEO that it could enhance the features of signal, a novel [Formula: see text] peaks detection algorithm is proposed in this paper to deal with ECG signals with low SNR. The algorithm includes two stages. In the first stage, a band-pass filter is used for eliminating noise, then the first-order forward differentiation and MTEO are used to transform the ECG signals, at last, the output of MTEO is smoothed with a Moving Averaging filter. In the second stage, the adaptive thresholds method and efficient decision rules are applied to detect the true [Formula: see text] peaks. The efficiency and robustness of the proposed method are substantiated on MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database (MITDB), Fantasia Database and MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm Database. The testing of the proposed method on the MITDB showed the following results: Sensitivity [Formula: see text], Positive predictivity [Formula: see text] and Accuracy [Formula: see text]. On Fantasia Database involvement, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. On MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm Database involvement, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Compared with other [Formula: see text] peaks detection methods, the proposed algorithm is simple, efficient and robust.

Abstract 82: Awareness of Guidelines of Automated External Defibrillator Use in Children within Emergency Medical Services

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_940-d ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah E Haskell ◽

Melanie A Kenney ◽

Sonali Patel ◽

Teri L Sanddal ◽

Katrina L Altenhofen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rates ◽

Heart Association ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Medical Providers ◽

Emergency Medical ◽

One Year ◽

Hospital Protocols ◽

External Defibrillator

BACKGROUND . Ventricular fibrillation occurs in 10 –20% of pediatric cardiac arrests. Survival rates in children with ventricular fibrillation can be as high as 30% when the rhythm is identified and treated promptly. In the last five years, recommendations have been made for the use of automated external defibrillators(AED) in children 1– 8 years of age. OBJECTIVE . The goal of this study was to determine the awareness of American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines and statewide protocols concerning AED use in children ages 1– 8 among emergency medical providers after new guideline release. Availability of pediatric capable AED equipment was also assessed. METHODS . Surveys were distributed to EMS providers in Iowa and Montana within one year of the AHA advisory statement in 2003 recommending use of AEDs in children ages 1– 8, and again approximately one year after the 2005 AHA guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation were published. In Iowa, there were concentrated efforts to disseminate information about AED use in children, while there were minimal efforts in Montana. RESULTS . Awareness of AHA guidelines for use of AEDs in children was low in both states in 2003 (29% in Iowa vs 9% in Montana, p< 0.001). After release of the 2005 guidelines, awareness improved significantly in both states but was still significantly greater in Iowa (83% vs. 60 %, p < 0.002). In 2003, less than 20% of respondents in both states reported access to pediatric capable AEDs. Availability of pediatric pads and cables increased significantly in 2006 but remained low in Montana (74% in Iowa vs 37% in Montana, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS . At the present time, publication of new or interim guidelines in the scientific literature alone is insufficient to ensure that awareness among providers and that new protocols are implemented. An effective and efficient method to disseminate new pediatric out-of-hospital protocols emergency care to become standard of care in a timely matter should be developed.

Studies on transient ventricular fibrillation. I. Observations on the alterations in the rhythm of the heart preceding syncopal seizures in a patient with normal sinus rhythm

American Heart Journal ◽

10.1016/s0002-8703(34)90482-8 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 818-819

Keyword(s):

Sinus Rhythm ◽

Normal Sinus Rhythm ◽

Normal Sinus

A Case report of hemodynamic instability, cardiac arrest, and acute severe dyspnea subsequent to inhalation of crystal methamphetamine

Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research ◽

10.18502/pbr.v5i2.1585 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Farhad Gholami ◽

Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini ◽

Amirhossein Ahmadi ◽

Maryam Nabati

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Normal Sinus Rhythm ◽

Hemodynamic Instability ◽

Acute Dyspnea ◽

Crystal Methamphetamine ◽

Electrical Shock ◽

Mechanically Ventilated ◽

Normal Sinus ◽

History Of

Misuse of stimulants similar to amphetamine is a universal problem. These stimulants cause many complications in their abusers. However, myocardial infarction is rarely reported as a complication of amphetamine abuse. Herein, we report a man aged 42 years presented at the Emergency Department with the chief complaint of acute dyspnea following ice inhalation without history of dyspnea. Within the first hour and a half of admission, the patient was treated by nasal oxygen and bronchodilator aminophylline. However, he did not respond to the initial treatment and lost his consciousness; showed ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest, and hemodynamic instability. So, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was immediately initiated for him. The patient was intubated, mechanically ventilated. Also, the synchronized electrical shock was delivered 5 times (200-360 J) along with amiodarone (300 mg intravenously [IV] stat, then 1 mg/min IV infusion for 6 hours and next 0.5 mg/min for 18 hours) to treat the ventricular fibrillation. The arrhythmia was subsequently controlled, and his normal sinus rhythm was resumed. Two hours later, condition of the patient improved, and he was extubated. After two days, when the patient got stable, the echocardiography was performed, which was completely normal.

Abstract 12792: Enhancing the Accuracy of Cardiac Rhythm Analysis in Automated External Defibrillators During Ongoing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation by Applying a Deep Encoder-Decoder Filtering Model

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.144.suppl_2.12792 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 144 (Suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Shirin Hajeb Mohammadalipour ◽

Alicia Cascella ◽

Matt Valentine ◽

Ki Chon

Keyword(s):

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Normal Sinus Rhythm ◽

Motion Artifact ◽

Normal Sinus ◽

Before And After ◽

Rhythm Analysis ◽

Distinct Features ◽

Ecg Data

Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests depends on an accurate defibrillatory shock decision during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Since chest compressions induce severe motion artifact in the electrocardiogram (ECG), current automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) do not perform CPR during the rhythm analysis period. However, performing continuous CPR is vital and dramatically increases the chance of survival. Hence, we demonstrate a novel application of a deep convolutional neural network encoder-decoder (CNNED) method in suppressing CPR artifact in near real-time using only ECG data. The encoder portion of the CNNED uses the frequency and phase contents derived via time-varying spectral analysis to learn distinct features that are representative of both the ECG signal and CPR artifact. The decoder portion takes the results from the encoder and reconstructs what is perceived as the motion artifact removed ECG data. These procedures are done via multitude of training of CNNED using many different arrhythmia contaminated with CPR. In this study, CPR-contaminated ECGs were generated by combining clean ECG with CPR artifacts from 52 different performers. ECG data from CUDB, VFDB, and SDDB datasets which belong to the Physionet’s Physiobank archive were used to create the training set containing 89,984 14-second ECG segments. The performance of the proposed CNNED was evaluated on a separate test set comprising of 23,816 CPR-contaminated 14-second ECG segments from 458 subjects. The results were evaluated by two metrics: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and Defibtech’s AED rhythm analysis algorithm. CNNED resulted in the increase of the mean SNR value from -3 dB to 5.63 dB and 6.3 dB for shockable and non-shockable rhythms, respectively. Comparing Defibtech’s AED rhythm classifier before and after applying CNNED on the CPR-contaminated ECG, the specificity improved from 96.57% to 99.31% for normal sinus rhythm, and from 91.5% to 96.57% for other non-shockable rhythms. The sensitivity of shockable detection also increased from 67.68% to 87.76% for ventricular fibrillation, and from 62.71% to 81.27% for ventricular tachycardia. These results indicate continuous and accurate AED rhythm analysis without stoppage of CPR using only ECG data.

Transthoracic defibrillation in 100-kg calves with sequentially applied pulses

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1982.243.6.h982 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 243 (6) ◽

pp. H982-H989 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jerry H. Gold ◽

John C. Schuder ◽

Harry Stoeckle ◽

Wayne C. McDaniel ◽

Duane W. Moellinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sinus Rhythm ◽

Normal Sinus Rhythm ◽

Large Animal ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Single Shock ◽

Normal Sinus ◽

Adverse Influence ◽

Ventricular Defibrillation

The effectiveness of up to five 50-A, 4-ms rectangular pulses (each nominally 50% successful) followed, when required, by up to six 70-A, 6-ms pulses applied at 15-s intervals in reversing ventricular fibrillation in 100-kg calves was studied in 600 episodes in which 50-A, 6-ms; 70-A, 3-ms; 70-A, 6-ms; 70-A, 12-ms; or 100-A, 6-ms prefibrillation shocks had been delivered 5 s before the induction of fibrillation and in another 600 episodes in which the prefibrillation shock was omitted. We found that 1) there was a modest adverse influence of the prefibrillation shock upon the outcome of the 50-A, 4-ms portion of the sequential shock effort; 2) the 50-A, 4-ms shocks remained reasonably successful throughout the five-shock sequence; 3) when the prefibrillation shock was omitted, the time intervals for a return of a ventricular complex and normal sinus rhythm in the postdefibrillation electrocardiogram increased rapidly with the number of shocks required for defibrillation; and 4) if defibrillation was not achieved with the five-shock sequence, a single 70-A, 6-ms shock was about 94% successful and the sequence of up to six shocks was 100% successful. ventricular defibrillation; large-animal defibrillation; postdefibrillation arrhythmias; strength-duration success contours; sequential-shock strategy; single-shock strategy Submitted on March 31, 1982 Accepted on July 23, 1982

Do all patients with atrial fibrillation need long-term anticoagulation?

Clinics and Practice ◽

10.4081/cp.2017.955 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Munish Sharma ◽

Rohit Masih ◽

Daniel A.N. Mascarenhas

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Sinus Rhythm ◽

Normal Sinus Rhythm ◽

Oral Anticoagulants ◽

Heart Association ◽

The United States ◽

Ventricular Rate ◽

Normal Sinus ◽

Systemic Embolization

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia worldwide with an estimated number of 2.7-6.1 million cases in the United States (US) alone. The incidence of AF is expected to increase 2.5 fold over the next 50 years in the US. The management of AF is complex and includes mainly three aspects; restoration of sinus rhythm, control of ventricular rate and prevention of systemic thromboembolism. AF as a cause of systemic embolization has been well known for many years, and majority of patients are on oral anticoagulants (OACs) to prevent this. Many times, a patient may not be in AF chronically, nor is the AF burden (the amount of time patient is in AF out of the total monitored time) calculated. We present three cases of new onset transient AF triggered by temporary stressors. We were able to restore normal sinus rhythm (NSR) with chemical cardioversion. As per 2014 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations, we started all three patients on OACs based on CHA2DS2VASc score >2. However, the patients refused long term OACs after restoration of NSR and correction of the temporary enticing stressors. In any case, the decision to start OACs would have had its own risks. Here we describe how antiarrhythmic drugs were used to maintain NSR, all while they were continuously monitored to determine the need to continue OACs.

COMPLICATED ELECTRICAL ACTIVITIES IN CARDIAC TISSUE

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s0217979204025841 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (17n19) ◽

pp. 2645-2650 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

YUO-HSIEN SHIAU ◽

MING-PIN HSUEH ◽

SHU-SHYA HSEU ◽

HUEY-WEN YIEN

Keyword(s):

Ventricular Tachycardia ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Normal Sinus Rhythm ◽

Conduction Block ◽

Spiral Wave ◽

Point Of View ◽

Normal Sinus ◽

Clinical Measurements ◽

Electrical Activities

It has become widely accepted that ventricular fibrillation, the most dangerous cardiac arrhythmias, is a major cause of death in the industrialized world. Alternans and conduction block have recently been related to the progression from ventricular tachycardia to ventricular fibrillation. From the point of view in cellular electrophysiology, ventricular tachycardia is the formation of reentrant wave in cardiac tissue. And ventricular fibrillation arises from subsequent breakdown of reentrant wave into multiple drifting and meandering spiral waves. In this paper, we numerically study pulse and vortex dynamics in cardiac tissue. Our numerical results include 1:1 normal sinus rhythm, 2:1 conduction block, complete conduction block, spiral wave, and spiral breakup. All of our numerical findings can be corresponding to clinical measurements in electrocardiogram. Various electrical activities in cardiac tissue will be discussed in detail in the present manuscript.