scholarly journals An examination of responses to laboratory stressors in individuals with bulimia nervosa compared to those without a history of eating disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Linett
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Desire To Eat

The association between perceived interpersonal stress and symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) has been well documented. In line with this association, recent research is focused on better understanding common factors of BN and social anxiety (SA; e.g., fear of negative evaluation, perfectionism) that might contribute to the maintenance of BN symptomatology. Thus far, the extent to which stress affects individuals with BN and co-occurring SA has not been extensively studied, despite the high comorbidity of these two disorders. Using an experimental paradigm, the present study explored the effects of different stressor-types on individuals with BN, as well as the potential impact of SA symptoms and related factors on stress response in this population. A total of 56 females participated in this study: 28 diagnosed with BN, and 28 controls without a history of eating disorders. All participants completed self-report measures and underwent three laboratory stressors: a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (a psychosocial stressor), a carbon dioxide challenge (a physiological stressor), and a body image stressor (an eating disorder specific stressor developed for use in this study). Subjective and cardiovascular responses were measured. Contrary to hypotheses, significant between-group differences in stressor response were not consistently revealed. An examination of Cohen’s d values, however, suggested that the magnitude of group differences represented practically significant effects. Notably, participants within both groups reported decreased levels of hunger and desire to eat in response to each stressor. Also inconsistent with hypotheses was that neither SA symptoms nor associated factors consistently predicted stress reactivity in either group. Moreover, in the BN group, similar magnitudes of response were revealed across the three stressors. Implications and suggestions for further research are discussed. Although binge eating was not behaviourally measured, the finding that different stressor-types did not lead directly to increased hunger and desire to eat is notable and consistent with the cognitive behavioural theory of BN. With continued study of SA-related factors in association with BN symptomatology-- particularly in the context of stressful events-- further insight into the maintenance of this disorder might be revealed for a subset of individuals with comorbid BN and SAD.

scholarly journals An examination of responses to laboratory stressors in individuals with bulimia nervosa compared to those without a history of eating disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Linett
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Desire To Eat

The association between perceived interpersonal stress and symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) has been well documented. In line with this association, recent research is focused on better understanding common factors of BN and social anxiety (SA; e.g., fear of negative evaluation, perfectionism) that might contribute to the maintenance of BN symptomatology. Thus far, the extent to which stress affects individuals with BN and co-occurring SA has not been extensively studied, despite the high comorbidity of these two disorders. Using an experimental paradigm, the present study explored the effects of different stressor-types on individuals with BN, as well as the potential impact of SA symptoms and related factors on stress response in this population. A total of 56 females participated in this study: 28 diagnosed with BN, and 28 controls without a history of eating disorders. All participants completed self-report measures and underwent three laboratory stressors: a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (a psychosocial stressor), a carbon dioxide challenge (a physiological stressor), and a body image stressor (an eating disorder specific stressor developed for use in this study). Subjective and cardiovascular responses were measured. Contrary to hypotheses, significant between-group differences in stressor response were not consistently revealed. An examination of Cohen’s d values, however, suggested that the magnitude of group differences represented practically significant effects. Notably, participants within both groups reported decreased levels of hunger and desire to eat in response to each stressor. Also inconsistent with hypotheses was that neither SA symptoms nor associated factors consistently predicted stress reactivity in either group. Moreover, in the BN group, similar magnitudes of response were revealed across the three stressors. Implications and suggestions for further research are discussed. Although binge eating was not behaviourally measured, the finding that different stressor-types did not lead directly to increased hunger and desire to eat is notable and consistent with the cognitive behavioural theory of BN. With continued study of SA-related factors in association with BN symptomatology-- particularly in the context of stressful events-- further insight into the maintenance of this disorder might be revealed for a subset of individuals with comorbid BN and SAD.

Sexual Abuse in Patients with Eating Disorder, Patients with Depression, and Normal Controls

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Vize ◽  
Peter J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Self Report ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
History Of

BackgroundA history of sexual abuse has been widely reported in patients with eating disorders. However, the association does not appear to be specific, because a high rate of such abuse has also been found in other psychiatric patients.MethodA standardised interview method was used to elicit details of sexual abuse in a psychiatrically normal control group and samples of patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or depression.ResultsAn equally high rate of abuse was found in all three clinical samples. Among the patients with anorexia nervosa the presence of bulimic episodes was not found to be associated with reports of abuse; and among the patients with bulimia nervosa there was no relationship between abuse and a history of anorexia nervosa. Among the patients with eating disorders, borderline personality disorder, assessed by means of self-report questionnaire, was not found to be related to reports of abuse, although there was an association between abuse and both indices of impulsive behaviour and the overall level of personality disturbance.ConclusionsChildhood sexual abuse appears to be a vulnerability factor for psychiatric disorder in general and not eating disorders in particular. The way in which abuse interacts with other aetiological factors to produce different psychopathological trajectories remains to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Perilaku Makan Menyimpang pada Remaja di Jakarta

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Trulyana Tantiani ◽  
Ahmad Syafiq
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Past History ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Life Style Changes ◽  
History Of

Salah satu transisi gaya hidup yang terjadi adalah perubahan perilaku makan yang paling berdampak pada kaum perempuan untuk terlihat cantik dengan berdiet berlebihan yang menjurus pada Perilaku Makan Menyimpang (PMM). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui penyebab, mekanisme, dan proses terjadinya PMM dari persepsi penderita. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian kualitatif dilakukan pada 3 informanyang pernah mengalami PMM. Penelitian kuantitatif, dilakukan pada 397 responden yang belum mengalami PMM. Waktu pengambilan data adalah bulan Mei-Juni 2007 dengan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam untuk penelitian kualitatif dan wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner dari Sarafino dari Stice untuk penelitian kuantitatif. Studi kualitatif menemukan bahwa semua informan bermasalah dengan anggota keluarganya, terdapat pengaruh pola asuh keluarga yang cukup besar, memiliki citra tubuh dan konsep diri yang terdistorsi, dan berada di lingkungan yang tidak mendukung orang gemuk. Hasil penelitian kuantitatif menemukan prevalensi PMM yang terjadi di Jakarta dengan kuasioner Sarafino adalah 37,3% dan prevalensi anoreksianervosa dengan kuesioneri Stice adalah 11,6 % dan prevalensi kecenderungan bulimia nervosa adalah 27%.Kata kunci : Perilaku makan menyimpang, anoreksia nervosa, bulimia nervosaAbstractOne of the life style changes that occur recently is related to eating behavior that affect mostly women because of the desire to look beautiful with a thin and tall body. One way to achieve this figure is to strictly go on dieting which could lead to eating disorders. The objective of this research is to understand thecause, mechanism, and process of eating disorders. The methods in this research are both qualitative and quantitative. The subjects of the qualitative research are three persons who are willing to be the subject and have a past history of eating disorders. The quantitative subjects are 397 respondents thathave not been diagnosed with eating disorders. The research was held at May-June 2007. The information are gathered through in-depth interview for the qualitative research and by through self report questionnaire for the quantitative research. The result from qualitative research shows that all of the subjects have problems with their family, the parenting practice have a big influence in their life, they also have a distorted body image and poor self-concept, and they are living in an environment that have a negative behavior towards overweight problems. The quantitative research shows that using Sarafino questionnaire, there are 37.3% adolescents who have a tendency toward eating disorders. Using the Stice and Telch questionnaire, there are 11.6% adolescents that have a tendency towards anorexia nervosa, and 27.0% adolescents that have a tendency towards bulimia nervosa.Keywords : Eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa

The Relationship Between Core Beliefs and a History of Eating Disorders: An Examination of the Life Stories of University Students

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Sarin ◽  
John R. Z. Abela
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
University Students ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The goal of the current study was to examine the relationship between core beliefs and a history of eating disorders using a retrospective design. Sixty-three university students completed self-report measures assessing current depressive symptoms. They also completed a semistructured interview assessing current and past histories of eating disorders. The presence of core beliefs was identified through an examination of participants’ life stories. Core beliefs were associated with past histories of both anorexia and bulimia nervosa, even after controlling for current depressive symptoms and eating disorders. Further analyses revealed that core beliefs centering around themes of disconnection and rejection, other-directedness, and overvigilance and inhibition were associated with past histories of anorexia nervosa, whereas core beliefs centering around themes of disconnection and rejection, impaired limits, and overvigilance and inhibition were associated with past histories of bulimia nervosa. These findings provide preliminary support for recent theoretical models highlighting the potential importance of core beliefs in the etiology of eating disorders.

A quantitative study of body-related attitudes in patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Ben-Tovim ◽  
M. Kay Walker
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Weight And Shape Concerns ◽  
Body Attitudes ◽  
Extreme Responses ◽  
Diverse Groups

SynopsisThe Ben-Tovim Walker Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ) is a psychometrically sound self-report instrument for assessing women's attitudes towards their own bodies. The BAQ responses of a large sample of patients with eating disorders (ED) diagnosed in accordance with DSM-III-R criteria were compared with those from a normative population and from diverse groups of psychiatrically and physically ill patients. The ED group was distinct, and showed extreme responses in the area of weight and shape concerns. But a better discrimination between the ED and other populations was achieved using subscales that related to ‘body disparagement’ (an intense loathing of the body) and ‘attractiveness’, rather than to weight and shape concerns. ED patients may have a more pervasive disturbance in body-related attitudes than is currently widely accepted. Patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa showed very similar attitudes despite the symptomatic differences between the groups.

Dissociation, Abuse and the Eating Disorders: Evidence from an Australian Population

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Brown ◽  
Janice Russell ◽  
Christopher Thornton ◽  
Stewart Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Australian Experience ◽  
Report Measure

Objective: Anumber of European and Northern American studies have investigated a possible association between dissociative phenomena, eating disorders, child sexual abuse and self-mutilation. However, there has been little confirmation from other countries and cultures, and the Australian experience of these interrelationships has not previously been studied. Method: Dissociative symptomatology and self-reported history of abusive experiences, physical and sexual, were retrospectively studied in a sample of Australian eating disordered patients using a self-report measure, the Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS-Q). Results: As hypothesised, dissociative symptoms were particularly frequent in those who reported child and adult sexual abuse and in those who self-mutilated. A correlation between multiple forms of abuse and higher dissociation scores was only partially upheld. Conclusions: Interrelationships between victimisation and dissociation are discussed within the context of current knowledge in the field, and brief suggestions for therapeutic strategies are offered.

The relationship of partial syndrome eating disorders to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Dancyger ◽  
P. E. Garfinkel
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Past History ◽  
School Students ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eat 26

SYNOPSISA variety of sociocultural, familial and individual features associated with the eating disorders were examined in subjects with full syndrome (FS) and partial syndrome (PS) eating disorders and in normal high school students. The EAT-26 was administered to 995 high school students. This was followed by individual interviews with those who scored in the symptomatic range. Fifty-one students with PS eating disorders, 57 students without eating disorders (normal controls) and 30 hospital patients with FS, anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa were compared on subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory, the Diagnostic Survey for Eating Disorders and the Beck Depression Inventory. The three groups displayed statistically significant differences on dimensions of EDI subscales Ineffectiveness and Interoceptive Awareness and also with respect to depression, history of being overweight and past history of emotional problems, as well as having mothers with medical illnesses. On these characteristics, the FS subjects displayed higher levels than the PS subjects, who in turn were higher than the NC subjects. The PS subjects displayed elevations on Body Dissatisfaction (EDI subscale), past medical illnesses, and mother's over-concern with eating and weight. These data support a continuum model of the eating disorders, but a continuum of multiple associated features rather than of dieting.

Assessing the Prevalence of Eating Disorders in an Australian Twin Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Wade ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Suzanne Abraham ◽  
Susan A. Treloar ◽  
N. G. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
The World

Objective: This paper examines the prevalence of disordered eating in a female Australian twin population aged between 28 and 90 years in 1993. Method: In two waves of data collection, the eating behaviour of 3869 female twins was first assessed in 1988–1989 by self-report questionnaire and then in 1992-1993 with a telephone interview, using the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism interview. Results: It was found that about 0.4% of the women have a lifetime prevalence of anorexia nervosa and 1.8% of the group have suffered from bulimia nervosa. The incidence of bulimia nervosa but not anorexia nervosa was markedly higher for those women under 45 (2.3% bulimia nervosa) than for those women 45 years or older. Furthermore, one in three women have at some stage in their life used some extreme method of weight control. Conclusions: The levels of bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa found are commensurate with those found in smaller studies in Australia and other parts of the world. The finding of widespread use of extreme weight control methods is of concern as this behaviour is a well-recognised precursor to more serious eating disorders.

scholarly journals Risk of major adverse perinatal outcomes in women with eating disorders

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Micali ◽  
Emily Simonoff ◽  
Janet Treasure
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes

BackgroundLow birth weight, prematurity and higher miscarriage rates have previously been reported in women with eating disorders.AimsTo determine whether women with a history of eating disorders are at higher risk of major adverse perinatal outcomes.MethodsAdjusted birth weight, preterm delivery and miscarriage history were compared in those with a history of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa (n=171), bulimia nervosa (n=199) and both (n=82)) and those with other (n=1166) and no psychiatric disorders (n=10 636) in a longitudinal cohort study.ResultsThe group with bulimia nervosa had significantly higher rates of past miscarriages (relative risk ratio 2.0, P=0.01) and the group with anorexia nervosa delivered babies of significantly lower birth weight than the general population (P=0.01), which was mainly explained by lower pre-pregnancy body mass index. Preterm delivery rates were comparable across groups.ConclusionsWomen with a history of eating disorders are at higher risk of major adverse obstetric outcomes. Antenatal services should be aware of this higher risk.

Eating disorder, substance abuse and prostitution

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Cooney
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Prostitute

AbstractThe case of a 20-year old female prostitute with a five year history of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and substance abuse is described. The author was unable to find a previous reference to eating disorders occurring in a prostitute.

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