scholarly journals Kedatangan dan Perkembangan Islam ke Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-46
Author(s):  
Fauziah Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Religious Subjectivity ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
The Difference

There are several theories about the arrival of Islam in Indonesia. The diversity of theories is due to the phenomenon of complexity, i.e.  Islam does not originate from one place/country, nor is it carried by one group of people and not at the same time. Another factor influencing the diversity of theories is the difference in evidence, elements of interest, religious subjectivity, and the ideology of historians. Although there have been conclusions about the beginning of the entry of Islam into Indonesia in 1963, the process of coming and developing Islam in Indonesia is a changing study. So there is still an opportunity to correct or strengthen an existing theory. Ulama were central actors in the early arrival and development of Islam to Indonesia. Arabic scholars who work as traders are the first group to bring and develop Islam into the territory of Indonesia, then continued by preachers from the professional Sufi circles. The figure of the Sufi cleric is strongly attached to two figures: the merchant who spreads Islam through trade as well as the heartbeat of the people's economy, and to the sultan who spreads Islam through his power. These crystallized characteristics of the propagator of Islam make Islam develop effectively. Islam was developed by Ulama through three channels namely; cultural (da'wah, education, art, culture, and marriage), structural (politics and power), economy (trade routes). In other words, the process of Islamization in Indonesia is influenced by political power and the spirit of preaching.

The Threat of Suicide Terrorism

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Sophia Moskalenko ◽  
Clark McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Suicide Bombing ◽  
Suicide Terrorism ◽  
Suicide Bomber ◽  
Suicide Bombers ◽  
The Difference

This chapter evaluates the moral threat of suicide terrorism. Political and psychological resilience to the threat of suicide bombing requires understanding the difference between suicide bombers and true martyrs. A martyr’s political power comes from the indisputable evidence—the martyr’s own suffering at the hands of the powerful—that the powerful are corrupt and unjust. This evidence is tainted if the would-be martyr indulges in provocation, aggression, or retaliation. The authors offer three directions that can help boost Western political resilience in facing suicide bombers, emphasizing the importance of clearly understanding the definitions of martyr, victim, suicide bomber, and terrorist and how perceptions can be changed in the immediate aftermath of an attack or an uprising.

scholarly journals European Trade and Colonial Conquest (vol. 1)

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-107
Author(s):  
Jose Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Agrarian Change ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Indian Politics ◽  
Rural Change ◽  
Present Book ◽  
Commercial Enterprise ◽  
European Trade ◽  
Independence Era

European Trade and Colonial Conquest is authored by Biplab Dasgupta, arenowned political and social activist from Calcutta who taught economics atCalcutta University and was a member of the Parliament of India for severalyears. He has authored many books on various aspects of India’s socioeconomicand political life in the post-independence era, such as the oil industry,the Naxalite movements, trends in Indian politics, labor issues and globalization,agrarian change and technology, rural change, urbanization, and migration.The present book primarily focuses on the evolution of Bengal’s economyand society over the precolonial period, beginning from prehistoric days.Even though there are writings on Bengal’s colonial history, we know verylittle about its precolonial past except for the names of kings, the chronologyof dynasties, and scattered references to urban settlements.Dasgupta shows a specific interest in highlighting the socioeconomichistory of the last two and half centuries, from Vasco de Gama’s journey toIndia in 1498 to the battle of Palashi in 1757. The author asserts that heexplores in detail the socioeconomic and political context of Bengal thatfacilitated the transfer of power to European hands, because historians generallyignore this rather quite long and critical period. He, therefore, commentsthat this is “less a book on pre-colonial Bengal” and more a book onEuropean trade and colonial conquest (p. vii). The book explains howEuropean commercial enterprise in Bengal gathered political power throughits control over trade and gradually transformed itself into a colonial power.Although the Mughals held political power during this period, the economicpower and control of the Indian Ocean trade routes were gradually slippinginto European hands.It is believed that Clive’s victory at the battle of Palashi led to the colonialconquest of Bengal. However, focusing on Bengal’s socioeconomic ...

Localizing the Global

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
The South ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
South Central ◽  
Political Economic

By the late 19th century, a caravan trade extended from the Indian and Atlantic littorals through the hinterlands of south central Africa. Industrial commodities—guns, cloths, iron, and beads—were exchanged for ivory, slaves, beeswax, and rubber. Along the trade routes and in trading centers, words spread to describe new commodities, new peoples, new trading customs, and new forms of political power. These Wanderwörter originated in the languages of the coastal traders, in particular in Portuguese and Kiswahili. When the diverse vernaculars of the south central African interior were transcribed by colonial-era missionaries into “tribal” languages, such wandering words were incorporated into these languages, often disguised by distinctive orthographies. Other words were left out of dictionaries and political vocabularies, replaced by supposedly more authentic and archaic words. Examining these wandering words provides a window into linguistic dynamism and political-economic change prior to European conquest.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Prairie Settlement: A Case Study of Abernethy, Saskatchewan, in the 1880s

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Lyle Dick
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Organic Process ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Prairie agricultural settlement in the era of the National Policy has often been viewed as an organic process which rewarded the resourceful settlers, while punishing the unsuitable ones. To test this assumption the paper offers a detailed investigation of settlement in two districts in Saskatchewan. The three areas of analysis were the process of land acquisition, the settlers' performance during the homestead "proving- up" period, and long-term economic performance after the receipt of patent. In terms of land acquisition, both Anglo-Canadian settlers in the Abernethy district and German-speaking settlers at Neudorf chose the available lands nearest the railway. Their selection suggests an initial tendency toward commercial production among both groups. The difference was that Abernethy settlers, who generally arrived in the 1880s, claimed superior lands on the open prairie. While about half of these settlers never "proved-up" their homesteads, those who received their patents showed a fairly high degree of persistence as farmers. A close relationship between the receipt of additional quarter-sections of free grant land and long-term economic success was also observed. The German settlers at nearby Neudorf, who settled in the ¡890s on more marshy and wooded lands, showed a contrary tendency. These settlers were far less likely to cancel their homestead entries, but tended to leave their farms soon after receiving their patents. Studies of the long-term economic performance of settlers in both dis- tricts provide support for the proposition that early arrival, and the acquisition of good, cheap, accessible land were among the most powerful determinants of success in settlement.

scholarly journals The Domination of the Local Party of Aceh Parliament in Responding the Aspiration of Community

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
Sayed Amirulkamar ◽  
Ismail Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Unitary State ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Democratic Parties ◽  
Local Party ◽  
Legislative Election

The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia as a country of island diversity, culture, ethnicity, language and others which makes Indonesia political power does not adhere to the system of any country, but adopts the existence of the order of life of the Indonesian people by combining the "Trias Politica" government system, which presents by Montesquieu who was born on 18 January 1689 and died on February 10, 1755 at the age of 66, (French political thinkers) who lived in the Age of Enlightenment (English: Enlightenment) which describes power with the term "Separation of power" into three powers there are "Legislative" (Making Laws), "Executives" (Acting Laws ) and "Judicative" (Overseeing the laws) and not division of power. With this authority politically everyone understands the Legislative Election in Aceh, it different from legislative elections in various provinces in Indonesia, the difference in Aceh is that there are a number of local political parties who have competed in democratic parties since 2009. As for the legislative elections to the period 2019-2024 who have passed the verification of 4 (four) local political in the Aceh Party (PA), the Nanggroe Aceh Party (PNA), the Aceh Regional Party (PDA), and the SIRA Party who compete competitively for parliamentary seats (DPRA / DPRK).

scholarly journals KANUNISASI FIKIH JINAYAT KONTEMPORER Studi Materi Muatan Qānūn Jināyat Aceh dan Brunei Darussalam

Al-Ahkam ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Samsudin Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Difference

This article will view specifically codification of Islamic Criminal Law in `Muslim community, such as Brunei Darussalam, a country based on Islamic principles, and Aceh is a part of Indonesian territory administratively, granted special autonomy to implement Islamic Sharia. Despite having different qualities, -as a country and a province- both have in common as a political power which apply Islamic Criminal Law. Refer to both qānūn jināyat in Brunei and Aceh, the author’ll explain the substance of the criminal law in both area, while also reinforces the implementation of Islamic Criminal Law in the framework of a modern state. The article concludes that basically the application of Islamic Sharia, particularly the Islamic Criminal Law, is closely related to the situation and socio-political conditions of a community or country. The differences of political system, for example, has contributed to the difference in the output of product or policy made by a particular country or territory. On the other hand, Brunei and the Aceh case show that there has been adjustment Islamic Criminal Law specifically set forth in the books of fiqh (as illustration of the Qur'an and Sunnah) with the needs of the community itself

scholarly journals Legality, legitimacy and legitimation of political power: theoretical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 122-124
Author(s):  
Sitora Kadirova
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Difference

In this article author examines the nature of the legitimacy of power, correlates the concepts of “legitimacy” and “legality”. The author also analyzes the difference between legitimation and legitimacy and reports the factors and causes of the crisis of legitimacy of political power. The term “delegitimization” is considered, the reasons and conditions for its occurrence are specified.

Rational Choice and Political Power

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Dowding
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Structural Explanation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Rational Choice and Political Power is a classic text republished with two new chapters. It critiques the three dimensions of power showing that we can explain everything the dimensions are designed to highlight using the tools of rational choice theory. It argues power is best seen as a property of agents, and can be measured by looking at their relative resources. Breaking down power resources into five abstract categories we can see why groups of individuals can fail to secure their best interests due to the collective action problem. We can also define objective interests in through the lens of collective action. Despite power being seen as a property of agents rational choice models of power provide structural Explanation. The power and luck structure is the relationship in agential resource-holding given agents preferences. The book explains the difference between power and systematic luck – the latter is where groups, including powerful ones – can get what they want without doing anything simply because of their social location in the power and luck structure. The book engages with some feminist critiques of seeing power in rational choice terms and includes some methodological discussion of the relationship of methodological individualism and structuralism and then that the concept of power is essentially contested. This book’s unique interaction with both classical and contemporary debates makes it an essential resource for anyone teaching or studying power in the disciplines of sociology, philosophy, politics or international relations.

scholarly journals A Unique Manuscript of the Shibanid Epoch from the Fund of the Center of the Written Heritage of Tajikistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-132
Author(s):  
Lola N. Dodkhudoeva
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Political History ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Ideological Struggle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City

The article introduces the results of a preliminary study of the unique work, the Manaqib al-khulafa (The Virtues/Excellences of the Caliphs) compiled by Qawam ad-Din Muhammad al-Husaini alSanaujiradi al-Ziyaratgahi al-Harawi in 997/1588. This is a response to the protest message of the Shiites of Herat, who survived the siege and capture of the city by the Sunnis the Shibanid troops. The Manaqib recreates the early stages of the history of Islam before the split caused by the difference in the understanding of principles of the supreme political power (elective or hereditary) transfer and reveals the virtues of the four righteous caliphs. Fragments of the Quran and hadiths cited in the treatise present irrefutable evidence of the Sunnis superiority over Shiism. The treatise is an excellent example of polemical literature of bitter ideological struggle between two orthodoxies Sunni and Shiite and contains valuable information on the religious and political history of Eurasia in the premodern period.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONFLIK SOSIAL DALAM CERPEN “KETIKA CINTA TAK DIRESTUI” KARYA TARJOYO (TINJAUAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Yuti Mahrita
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstrak: Konflik merupakan pertentangan atau perbedaan antara dua orang atau kelompok.  Konflik politik terbentuk karena adanya penguasa politik.  Kekuasaan politik mempunyai cirri-ciri masyarakat secara keseluruhan sebagai objeknya. Konflik merupakan bagian kehidupan sosial, konflik sosial di latarbelakangi  oleh perbedaan ciri-ciri yang  dibawa individu dalam suatu interaksi. Konflik sosial yang terkandung dalam cerpen “Ketika Cinta Tak Direstui” karya Tarjoyo mengacu pada konflik eksternal khususnya pada konflik sosial.  Mulanya konflik ini terjadi karena adanya pertentangan antara keluarga Risky yang kaya raya dan keluarga Nana yang miskin.  Karena adanya perebedaan status sosial yang menghalangi cinta Nana dan risky yang membuat orang tua Risky tidak merestui Nana untuk mendampingi Risky.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif  kualitatif.  Data yang dihasilkan berupa kata-kata dalam bentuk kutipan-kutipan.Kata kunci: Konflik, konflik sosial, sastra, masyarakat,kekuasaan. Abstract: Conflict is dispute or contradiction between two or more people. Political conflict happened because there was political power. The character of political power is society as the object. Conflict is a part of social life which is happened because the difference of characters brought by individual when he/she has interaction. Social conflict in this short story “Ketika Cinta Tak Direstui” by Tarjoyo refers to external conflict especially social conflict. At first this conflict happens because there is contradiction of social status and social class between Rizky, the rich and Nana, the poor. Because of this status there is barrier between their love, Rizky and Nana, it makes Rizky’s parent doesn’t bless Nana to live with Rizky.This study uses qualitative descriptive method. The data are in the form of words and quotes.Key words: Conflict, political and sosial conflict, literature, society, power.

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