scholarly journals Cassava grates processing wastes as source of electrical energy

2010 ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Mark Anthony Atanacio ◽  
Daniel Leslie Tan ◽  
Felix Amestoso
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Salt Bridge ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Cross Product ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Processing Wastes ◽  
Response Surface Regression

The study aimed to generate electricity from cassava (Manihot esculenta) extract using an improvised microbial fuel cell (MFC). In the development of the MFC, screening experiment using 8-run Plackett-Burman (PB) technique and optimization procedure following response surface methodology (RSM) were employed. More cassava extract concentration significantly increased the generated voltage and the significance exhibited by salt ratio was inversely proportional to the voltage generated. One of the treatments in the 3×3 factorial experiment reached the maximum voltage of 546 mV. Response surface regression analysis of all the response studied revealed that linear, quadratic, and cross product regression of cassava extract concentration and salt ratio in the salt bridge significantly affected the voltage which further developed a regression model represented as ∆E=106+1318x-4829y-850x2-787xy+18032y2. The canonical analysis of the voltage showed minimum response at the stationary point inside the factor level space equal to 211 mV. Salt ratio level lower than 15% and cassava extract concentration not less than 60% generated a higher voltage value. T-test showed no significant difference of voltage between days, and between the predicted mean and the observed mean, which had % accuracy of 92.54, and 93.28%.“

scholarly journals Utilization of Wastewater from Different Sources as Potential Electrical Energy Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Melvin Hagonob ◽  
◽  
Leomarich Casinillo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Salt Bridge ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Different Sources

This study is about the generated electricity from wastewater using carbon electrodes with the absence/presence of salt bridge through the biofilm anode of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology. The three wastewater samples used were from a pond, an abaca pulp mill, and rice fields. Results showed that one of the abaca pulp mill treatments, using carbon rod electrodes with salt bridge presence, reached the highest mean voltage and current to 578.7 mV and 0.2022 mV, respectively. The study revealed that the number of sensible power generation days, from start to end of experimentation, has a significant difference between treatments. Throughout the 20-day fermentation process, a total count of 8.94x105 colony forming units (CFU) per ml was found and purified from the biofilm anodes from pond wastewater. Likewise, 9.14x105 CFU per ml isolates from the abaca pulp mill, and 1.65x106 CFU per ml isolates from the rice field.

Intrafollicular testosterone concentration and sex ratio in individually cultured bovine embryos

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel García-Herreros ◽  
Pablo Bermejo-Álvarez ◽  
Dimitrios Rizos ◽  
Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adán ◽  
Alan G. Fahey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Cumulus Oocyte Complex ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Embryo Sex ◽  
Follicular Size

Recent studies have suggested a relationship between bovine follicular fluid testosterone concentration and the likelihood of the oocyte being fertilised by an X- or Y-bearing spermatozoon; however, this theory has been challenged. To further test this hypothesis, follicles were dissected from the ovaries of slaughtered heifers, measured and carefully ruptured. The cumulus–oocyte complex (COC) was removed and the follicular fluid collected and testosterone concentration determined by radioimmunoassay. COCs were matured, fertilised and cultured in an individually identifiable manner; all cleaved embryos (2- to 4-cell stage, n = 164) had their sex determined by PCR. Testosterone concentrations were positively skewed. There was no significant difference between follicular fluid testosterone concentrations in male and female embryos (mean ± s.e.m. 51.5 ± 5.59 and 49.5 ± 7.42 ng mL–1, respectively). Linear, quadratic and cubic logistical regression showed that follicular testosterone concentration could not reliably predict the sex of the embryo with odds ratios of 1.001, 1.013 and 1.066, repectively, and coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.0003, 0.0126 and 0.0567, respectively. Follicular size and testosterone concentration were not related (R2 = 0.087). Finally, follicular size had no influence on embryo sex determination (P = 0.70). In conclusion, under the conditions of the present study, the likelihood of an oocyte being fertilised by an X- or Y-bearing spermatozoon was not affected by the size of the follicle from which it was derived, nor by the testosterone concentration in the follicular fluid.

scholarly journals The mortality effect of castor bean (Ricinus communis) extract on Aedes aegypti larvae

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
TRI NUGROHO WIBOWO ◽  
DARUKUTNI DARUKUTNI ◽  
SUTARTINAH SRI HANDAYANI
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Mortality Effect ◽  
Significant Difference

Wibowo TN, Darukutni, Handayani SS. 2010. The mortality effect of castor bean (Ricinus communis) extract on Aedes aegypti larvae. Biofarmasi 8: 77-81. The aim of this research was to determine the mortality effect of Ricinus communis L. extract on Aedes aegypti L. larvae. This research was an laboratory experimental, with a post-test only controlled group design, and used 750 larvae Instar III of A. aegypti L. that divided into 6 groups (control group, and five treatment groups consisted of 0.10% extract, 0.25% extract, 0.50% extract, 0.75% extract and 1% extract). The sampling technical was a purposive sampling method. The larvae were put into 25 ml experimental liquid for 24 hours. The observation was counting a number of dead larvae in 24 hours. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA test continued with Least Significant Difference (LSD) using SPSS for Windows Release statistically with a significance level p<0.05 then continued with a probit analysis. There were 0 larva death at negative control, 23.8 (95%) larvae death at 0.10% extract concentration, 24.6 (98%) larvae death at 0.25% extract concentration, 25.0 (100%) larvae death at 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% extract concentration. There was a significant difference in larvae death of A. aegypti in all groups. The LC50 of R. communis extract was 0.01036% (103.6 ppm), therefore it could be concluded that R. communis extract had a mortality effect to A. aegypti larvae.

State-Space Dynamic Performance Preview-Predictive Controller

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej W. Ordys ◽  
Masayoshi Tomizuka ◽  
Michael J. Grimble
Keyword(s):  
State Space ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Preview Control ◽  
Predictive Controller

The paper discusses state-space generalized predictive control and the preview control algorithms. The optimization procedure used in the derivation of predictive control algorithms is considered. The performance index associated with the generalized predictive controller (GPC) is examined and compared with the linear quadratic (LQ) optimal control formulation used in preview control. A new performance index and consequently a new algorithm is proposed dynamic performance predictive controller (DPPC) that combines the features of both GPC and preview controller. This algorithm minimizes the performance index through a dynamic optimization. A simple example illustrates the features of the three algorithms and prompts a discussion on what is actually minimized in predictive control. The DPPC algorithm, derived in this paper, provides for a minimum of the predictive performance index. The differences and similarities between the preview control and the predictive control have been discussed and optimization approach of predictive control has been explained.

A Controllability-Based TO Approach for the Piezoelectric Actuator Design Considering Multimodal Vibration Control

2020 ◽  
pp. 2043009
Author(s):  
Juliano F. Gonçalves ◽  
Emílio C. N. Silva ◽  
Daniel M. De Leon ◽  
Eduardo A. Perondi
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Control ◽  
Active Vibration Control ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Linear Quadratic Regulator ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Material Interpolation

This paper addresses the design problem of piezoelectric actuators for multimodal active vibration control. The design process is carried out by a topology optimization procedure which aims at maximizing a control performance index written in terms of the controllability Gramian, which is a measure that describes the ability of the actuator to move the structure from an initial condition to a desired final state in a finite time interval. The main work contribution is that independent sets of design variables are associated with each modal controllability index, then the multi-objective problem can be split into independent single-objective problems. Thus, no weighting factors are required to be tuned to give each vibration mode a suitable relevance in the optimization problem. A material interpolation scheme based on the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) and the Piezoelectric Material with Penalization (PEMAP) models is employed to consider the different sets of design variables and the sensitivity analysis is carried out analytically. Numerical examples are presented by considering the design and vibration control for a cantilever beam and a beam fixed at both ends to show the efficacy of the proposed formulation. The control performance of the optimized actuators is analyzed using a Linear-Quadratic Regulator (LQR) simulation.

Evaluation of Tumor Measurements in Oncology: Use of Film-Based and Electronic Techniques

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2179-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Schwartz ◽  
Michelle S. Ginsberg ◽  
Douglas DeCorato ◽  
Lawrence N. Rothenberg ◽  
Steven Einstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Interobserver Variability ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Cross Product ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Tumor Measurements

PURPOSE: To evaluate the variability in bidimensional computed tomography (CT) measurements obtained of actual tumors and of tumor phantoms by use of three measurement techniques: hand-held calipers on film, electronic calipers on a workstation, and an autocontour technique on a workstation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three radiologists measured 45 actual tumors (in the lung, liver, and lymph nodes) on CT images, using each of the three techniques. Bidimensional measurements were recorded, and their cross-products calculated. The coefficient of variation was calculated to assess interobserver variability. CT images of 48 phantoms were measured by three radiologists with each of the techniques. In addition to the coefficient of variation, the differences between the cross-product measurements of tumor phantoms themselves and the measurements obtained with each of the techniques were calculated. RESULTS: The differences between the coefficients of variation were statistically significantly different for the autocontour technique, compared with the other techniques, both for actual tumors and for tumor phantoms. There was no statistically significant difference in the coefficient of variation between measurements obtained with hand-held calipers and electronic calipers. The cross-products for tumor phantoms were 12% less than the actual cross-product when calipers on film were used, 11% less using electronic calipers, and 1% greater using the autocontour technique. CONCLUSION: Tumor size is obtained more accurately and consistently between readers using an automated autocontour technique than between those using hand-held or electronic calipers. This finding has substantial implications for monitoring tumor therapy in an individual patient, as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of new therapies under development.

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