Monitoring of heavy metals and arsenic in bottom sediments of water bodies

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
B. Korzhenevsky ◽  
Gleb Tolkachev ◽  
Nikolay Kolomiycev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Toxic Pollution ◽  
Large Water ◽  
Color Scheme

The study of contamination of sediments of water bodies with chemical elements continues to be one of the important problems of geoecology. The lack of a formal normative base for these indicators has led to different and diverse approaches and methods to solve this problem. The selection of the territory of a large water body on the example of the Volga river basin is made. There are four different hierarchical levels of research objects. The questions of location in time and space of observation points for the change of pollution of the river sediments and reservoirs are considered and justified. Theoretical and methodical substantiation of sampling of these deposits, the allocation of silt fraction less than 0.020 mm, which allows to bring samples containing different size components to the «common denominator» in laboratory studies. The choice of geoaccumulation index as an indicator of the level of pollution of the studied objects is justified. It is recommended at the present stage to use the total index of toxic pollution to assess the total technogenic pressure on the studied area. The assessment of complex pollution of the sediments can also be carried out on the basis of the total toxic pollution. The necessity to use the same permanent set of seven heavy metals Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni and As in solving the problem is substantiated. To present the results of field and laboratory studies, along with traditional tables, diagrams and graphs, it is recommended to use a color scheme map, where the technogenic pressure is displayed from the blue to the green and yellow to the red – the most dangerous. To assess the quality of the sediments for areas of water bodies experiencing anthropogenic load from the 1st – 2nd city-forming enterprises, can be carried out on the mono-element schematic maps or diagrams.

scholarly journals Heavy metals in the ground waters of Prisamarya Dniprovske

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
O. V. Kotovych
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Background Values ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Iron And Manganese

In conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure on the objects of the natural environment, an objective assessment of the hydrochemical state of water bodies is necessary, taking into account background values of heavy metals, the presence of which is associated only with natural factors. Therefore, the aim of our studies was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in groundwater lying in different geological and geomorphological conditions in a territory remote from the large industrial centers – Dnipro and Pavlograd. As a result of the carried out researches it was possible to establish the qualitative and quantitative composition of microelements that are contained in the ground waters of Prisamarya Dniprovske. The most common microelements from those that were determined were zinc, strontium, iron and manganese. In the groundwater of the floodplain of the Samara River the most common are zinc, strontium, iron and manganese. A distinctive feature of the groundwater of the first above-terrace is the presence of a large amount of iron – an average of 2 mg/l3, while this is not observed in the groundwater of the floodplain and steppe areas. This can be attributed to the chemical characteristics of forest litter from needles which has an acidic pH reaction. In turn, with acid reaction, iron passes from the bound state to the free state and, together with the descending streams of water, migrates from the soil to the groundwater. Among the microelements of the second above-the-top terrace, zinc, copper, iron and manganese predominate. Other trace elements from those that were determined are absent, or their number is below the sensitivity limit of the device. With a deep bedding of groundwater (22 m) and their slow water exchange with surface waters among the microelements, zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron and manganese predominate. The direction of the migration of microelements in the system soil ↔ groundwater can be determined by calculating the concentration of chemical elements in the soil and groundwater contained. The concentrations obtained for lead, copper, nickel and manganese in the majority of the investigated objects turned out to be less than one, which indicates the predominance of processes of removal of microelements from soil to groundwater. At the same time for groundwaters of the first above-the-top terrace there is accumulation of such microelements as copper and manganese. Here the maximum value of the clark concentration for copper is 18.14, for manganese 14.66. Considering the absence of close proximity to the territory of the research of large industrial facilities and highways with intensive traffic, the indicators obtained by us can be used as background values in complex biogeocenological studies. In addition, the values obtained can be useful for assessing the hydrochemical and toxicological state of natural waters, as well as for the integrated ecohydrological assessment of water bodies in this region.

Heavy Metals in Fresh Waters of Kazakhstan and Methodological Approaches to Developing a Regional Water Quality Classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
E. Krupa ◽  
◽  
S. Barinova ◽  
S. Romanova ◽  
M. Aubakirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Toxic Pollution ◽  
Water Quality Classification

The study aimed to define the classes in the Heavy Metals Section of the Regional Environmental Ranking System based on long-term data (1997-2017). When distinguishing water quality classes, the following factors were taken into account: background content of heavy metals, content of heavy metals in water bodies exposed to different levels and character of anthropogenic pollution, and response of biological communities to toxic pollution of their natural habitats. According to the proposed classification, the non-contaminated water of Сlass 1 contains the following: Cd<0.2, Cu<2.5, Zn<4, Pb<3, Cr<0.5, and Ni<0.5 μg dm-3. Class 2 water is characterized by Cd<0.5, Cu<6, Zn<6, Pb<7, Cr<1, and Ni<2 μg dm-3 content. Moderately polluted water of Class 3 contains Cd<3, Cu<10, Cr<10, Ni<10, Zn<20, and Pb<20 μg dm-3. Concentrations of all heavy metals increase proportionally and exceed 30-100 μg dm-3 in the most polluted water of Class 6. The proposed methodological approach assesses not only the local content of heavy metals in water bodies of Kazakhstan but also the degree of toxic pollution of their vast catchment basins. The proposed methods are applicable to other arid regions with similar physical and climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Enrichment of sediments in urban rivers by heavy metals

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Urban Rivers

<div> <p>The heavy metals contained in sediments may be responsible for constant degradation of rivers&rsquo; water quality, which circulate in an urban environment. Therefore, this study shows the pollution index and enrichment factor for each of these elements in river sediments. It was used the optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) and total organic carbon (TOC) by dry combustion. The enrichment factor of sediments were normalized by aluminium concentration. From the point of view of toxicology, the elements Ba, Cr, Pb and Zn, and the macro chemical elements Fe, Mg and Na showed to be more significant. When used the references of local background, the enrichment percentages for Ba, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mg and Na respectively were 39.3%, 44.3%, 56.3%, 18.6%, 140.2%, 18.4% and 295%. The percentage of TOC did not exceeded the limit of 1% at any of the points of sampling. According to the main worldwide guidelines, the obtained concentrations for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn in the majority of the points of sampling, are rates from which can be expected adverse effects in the aquatic environment. This occur due to theirs capacities to release these elements in the flowing. Therefore, this study are relevant scientific data to indicate the water quality of urban rivers.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals FEATURES OF HEAVY METALS DISTRIBUTION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE RIVERS OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
N. G. Lyuta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Metallogenic Province ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Background Content

The chemical composition of bottom sediments is an important indicator of the ecological state of both water systems and watershed areas, since contaminated bottom sediments are a potential source of secondary pollution of aquatic systems. The analysis of recent publications shows that great attention has been paid to the chemical composition of bottom sediments, however, as a rule, these studies are of a local nature, that is, they cover very small areas. This often raises the issue of criteria for assessing the ecological and geochemical status of bottom sediments, since a small number of samples does not allow correctly determining the local geochemical background. In addition, generally accepted norms, for example, the maximum allowable concentrations, do not exist for bottom sediments. In these conditions, data on regional geochemical backgrounds of pollutants are needed. The need for the implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Ukraine, which requires the introduction of water management basin-based, necessitates the determination of the geochemical characteristics of bottom sediments within the river basin territories. To study the distribution of heavy metals and determine their regional backgrounds in the bottom sediments, a database of environmental and geochemical information was used in the GIS, one of the blocks of which is information on the content of chemical elements and compounds in the bottom sediments of watercourses and water bodies of Ukraine, and the electronic map of river basins of Ukraine. Based on the analysis in the GIS of information on the chemical composition of the bottom sediments of the rivers of Ukraine (about 8,1 thousand samples), regional geochemical background of lead, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel and cobalt have been determined. The main regularities of distribution of chemical elements in bottom sediments in the territory of Ukraine are established. For the chemical elements in question, a gradual increase in their content in soils from north to south, that is, from the river basins of the Polissya zone to the basins of the Steppe landscape-climatic zone, is consistent with the geochemical features of the soil cover of the catchment areas. The increased background content of chemical elements in bottom sediments often spatially coincides with the spread of soil differences in the catchment areas, which also have a high content of these elements. The maximum background content of most heavy metals in bottom sediments is naturally clearly recorded within the Carpathian-Crimean metallogenic province. Thus, despite the long and intensive technogenic impact on the surface water bodies of Ukraine, it is necessary to note the priority of natural factors in the formation of the chemical composition of bottom sediments, at least for the heavy metals considered above.

The main principles and results of pollution monitoring of sediments in the river basin

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
B. Korzhenevsky ◽  
Gleb Tolkachev ◽  
Nikolay Kolomiycev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Volga River Basin ◽  
Ivankovo Reservoir ◽  
Selection Of

The problems of modern geological ecology associated with the study of pollution of sediments of water bodies by heavy metals are considered. The Volga River basin is quite heterogeneous, both in geomorphological and hydrological terms, and in thechnogenical development and usage. A fourrank taxonomy is presented for the selection of sites for monitoring, based on a combination of natural, landscape, climatic and thechnogenical factors. To the largest – the highest taxon – sites of the Ist category – bowls of reservoirs with the slopes and the urban zones, industrial and agricultural structures located within them are carried. Within these areas are allocated to smaller taxa, areas category IInd are the industrial and urban zones, areas category IIIrd are the small rivers without significant contamination and areas category IVth to conduct special observations. The examples of special observations in the study of the annual migration of heavy metals in the system «bottom sediments – water column» on the Ivankovo reservoir are highlighted. The investigations were carried out under the conditions of the standard flow rate for this reservoir and in the conditions of slow water exchange.

GROWTH OF PIKE-PERCH SANDER LUCIOPERCA (L., 1758) (PERCIDAE) IN RESERVOIRS OF K. SATPAYEV’S CHANNEL

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Saule Zhangirovna Asylbekova ◽  
Kuanysh Baibulatovich Isbekov ◽  
Vladimir Nickolaevich Krainyuk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Trophic Resources ◽  
Pike Perch ◽  
The Amur River ◽  
Back Calculation ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

Pike-perch is an invader for the water basins of Central Kazakhstan. These species have stable self-reproductive populations in the regional waters. Back calculation method was used to investigate pike-perch growth rates in reservoirs of K. Satpayev’s channel. For comparison, the data from the other water bodies (Vyacheslavsky and Sherubay-Nurinsky water reservoirs) were used, as well as literature data. Pike-perch species from the investigated waters don’t show high growth rates. The populations from the reservoirs of K. Satpayev’s channel have quite similar growth rates with populations from the Amur river, from a number of reservoirs in the Volga river basin and from the reservoir in Spain. Sexual differences in growth have not been observed. Evaluating possible influence of various abiotic and biotic factors on the growth rate of pike-perch in the reservoirs of K. Satpayev’s channel was carried out. It has been stated that the availability of trophic resources cannot play a key role in growth dynamics because of their high abundance. Morphology of water bodies also does not play a role, as well as chromaticity, turbidity and other optical water indicators. It can be supposed that the main factor influencing growth of pike perch is the habitat’s temperature. This factor hardly ever approaches optimal values for the species in reservoirs of K. Satpaev’s channel. The possible influence of fishing selectivity on pike-perch growth rates was also evaluated. Currently, there has been imposed a moratorium on pike-perch catch. However, pike-perch is found in by-catches and in catches of amateur fishermen. It should be said that such seizures have an insignificant role in the dynamics of growth rates.

Risk of infestation of population by opisthorchiasis causative agent in the middle and lower current of the Iset river. influence of loimopotential of the focus of infestation on the risk values

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
A.V. Ushakov ◽  
R.G. Fattakhov ◽  
T.F. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Opisthorchis Felineus ◽  
Large Water

The risk of infestation of the population by the opisthorchiasis causative agent in the middle and lower reaches of the Iset River was estimated. Areas with the highest risk of peoples infection by Opisthorchis felineus’ metacercaria are identified. These territories are confined to the zones of removal of the opisthorchiasis causative agent, which are river beds and large water bodies that constantly connect with rivers. Steady risk of infection of the population is determined by the loimopotential of the opisthorchiasis natural focus. The general infestation of juveniles fishes in the middle and lower current of the Iset River made 9,9 %, annuals – 21,5 %, two-year-olds – 19,5 %.

Sorption of DDTs on biofilms, suspended particles and river sediments: effects of heavy metals

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deming Dong ◽  
Zhiyong Guo ◽  
Xiuyi Hua ◽  
Ying Lan ◽  
Jinting Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Suspended Particles
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