Renewable-Resource Technologies in Mining and Metallurgical Enterprises Providing Environmental Safety

The article addresses the issue of mining and industrial waste stored in tailings and heaps in mining areas, and it explores the existing, as well as new, ways of reducing its harmful impact on the environment. On the basis of the Russian experience in mining industry in Ural, it presents a process which makes it possible to eliminate the amassed hazardous waste, retrieve the valuable material (metals) stored in it, and use the remaining waste as backfill in order to both: store it underground (and not on the surface) and prevent the disasters caused by the collapse of the abandoned shafts, thus prolonging the functioning of the mining areas. The process includes preliminary activation treatment of materials found in industrial waste in a disintegrator to protect the environment from toxic pollution. The promising results of the experiment have been discussed, taking into account the complexities of economic evaluation of the idea.

Global distribution and coincidence of pollution, climate impacts, and health risk in the Anthropocene

Previous research demonstrates that low-income countries face higher risks than high-income countries from toxic pollution and climate change. However, the relationship between these two risks is little explored or tested, and efforts to address the risks are often independent and uncoordinated. We argue that the global risks from toxic pollution and climate change are highly correlated and should be jointly analyzed in order to inform and better target efforts to reduce or mitigate both risks. We provide such analysis for 176 countries and found a strong (rs = -0.798;95%CI -0.852, -0.727) and significant (p<0.0001) relationship between the distribution of climate risk and toxic pollution. We also found that inequities in pollution production, economic status, and institutional readiness are interconnected and exacerbate risk for countries already in the highest risk categories for both toxic and non-toxic (greenhouse gas) pollution. The findings have policy implications, including the use of the proposed Target assessment to decide where best to address toxic and non-toxic pollution simultaneously, based on the need to minimize human suffering and maximize return on effort.

Greens IOT and its Green enabling Environment

Internet of Thing has modified the way we work and live in the era of incredible technology development. There are various advantages of Internet of Thing that enriching our organization, it should be provoked that the Internet of Thing also consumes energy, comprises toxic pollution and E-waste. These places new hassle on the environments and smart sphere. The way of increase the profits and reduce the harm of Internet of Thing, there is an increasing craving to move toward green Internet of Thing. The future of IoT is seen in Green Internet of Thing that is environmentally friendly. To achieve that, it is very much important to put various measures to diminish carbon footprint, conserve fewer resources, and promote proficient techniques for energy usage. The main aim of green Internet of Thing, that moving headed to the machines, communications, sensors, clouds, and internet are alongside energy effectiveness and reducing carbon emission. This paper represents a thorough analysis of the contemporary continuing research work and probable technologies of green Internet of Thing with an objective to provide some clues for future green research.

Heavy Metals in Fresh Waters of Kazakhstan and Methodological Approaches to Developing a Regional Water Quality Classification

The study aimed to define the classes in the Heavy Metals Section of the Regional Environmental Ranking System based on long-term data (1997-2017). When distinguishing water quality classes, the following factors were taken into account: background content of heavy metals, content of heavy metals in water bodies exposed to different levels and character of anthropogenic pollution, and response of biological communities to toxic pollution of their natural habitats. According to the proposed classification, the non-contaminated water of Сlass 1 contains the following: Cd<0.2, Cu<2.5, Zn<4, Pb<3, Cr<0.5, and Ni<0.5 μg dm-3. Class 2 water is characterized by Cd<0.5, Cu<6, Zn<6, Pb<7, Cr<1, and Ni<2 μg dm-3 content. Moderately polluted water of Class 3 contains Cd<3, Cu<10, Cr<10, Ni<10, Zn<20, and Pb<20 μg dm-3. Concentrations of all heavy metals increase proportionally and exceed 30-100 μg dm-3 in the most polluted water of Class 6. The proposed methodological approach assesses not only the local content of heavy metals in water bodies of Kazakhstan but also the degree of toxic pollution of their vast catchment basins. The proposed methods are applicable to other arid regions with similar physical and climatic conditions.

The ecological preferences of Eurytemora affinis (Poppe, 1880) in the water bodies of Kazakhstan (Central Asia) and some notes about Eurytemora caspica Sukhikh & Alekseev, 2013

The purpose of this work is to analyse the influence of external factors on quantitative variables of Eurytemora affinis in water bodies of Kazakhstan. In 1997-2018, more than 150 water bodies located in various regions of the country were surveyed. The results obtained and analysis of the published literature showed that E. affinis primarily inhabits small shallow water bodies of Central and Eastern Kazakhstan. Populations from the North-Eastern Caspian Sea, originally identified as “Eurytemora affinis”, could be attributed to the recently described species Eurytemora caspica. In the water bodies examined, E. affinis was found at water temperatures from 12 to 25°C and at salinities from 0.2 to 7.1 g/dm3. The highest abundance of Eurytemora was recorded at 21-22°C and a salinity of 1.0-3.0 g/dm3. The optimum temperature range in the water bodies examined in an extreme continental climate is higher than the values given for E. affinis in water bodies in a moderately temperate climate. The optimal TDS [Total Dissolved Solids] value (1.0-3.0 g/dm3) has shifted towards more truly fresh waters than was stated for E. affinis collected from the sea (6.2-8.2), and this was confirmed in experiments (from 3.0-10.0 to 10.0-15.0). In the majority of the examined water bodies of Kazakhstan, males dominated the Eurytemora populations. Male dominance in E. affinis populations might be due to the adverse effect of elevated temperature on the lifespan of females, and it was also connected with the level of toxic pollution of the water bodies. It seems that E. affinis endures a relatively high content of heavy metals, but it does not inhabit water bodies with very high toxic pollution. The revealed features of E. affinis’ biology in Kazakhstan water bodies might be associated with both the heterogeneity of its populations from different parts of the range, and the existence of a complex of closely related species that at present is collectively named “Eurytemora affinis”.

Large Data Technology-Based Analysis Method of Sudden Eco-Environmental Toxic Pollution

Sudden environmental toxic pollution accidents occur from time to time at home and abroad, seriously affecting the safety of the ecological environment. Different environmental factors affect the use of manual inspection and analysis methods, causing inaccurate results of inspection and analysis. In view of this problem, a large data technology-based analysis of sudden ecological environmental toxic pollution is proposed. Method. The genome and proteome in different environments were analyzed, and the target organisms were strictly defined to determine the effect of the molecular toxicity of pollution factors on the ecological environment. According to the molecular toxicity, the sudden eco-environmental toxicity pollution was analyzed using large data technology. Under the action of different particle sizes, dosages, and adsorption times of activated carbon, the experiments confirmed that the results of large data technology analysis are more accurate, which have provided necessary means for the protection of the ecological environment.

Monitoring of heavy metals and arsenic in bottom sediments of water bodies

The study of contamination of sediments of water bodies with chemical elements continues to be one of the important problems of geoecology. The lack of a formal normative base for these indicators has led to different and diverse approaches and methods to solve this problem. The selection of the territory of a large water body on the example of the Volga river basin is made. There are four different hierarchical levels of research objects. The questions of location in time and space of observation points for the change of pollution of the river sediments and reservoirs are considered and justified. Theoretical and methodical substantiation of sampling of these deposits, the allocation of silt fraction less than 0.020 mm, which allows to bring samples containing different size components to the «common denominator» in laboratory studies. The choice of geoaccumulation index as an indicator of the level of pollution of the studied objects is justified. It is recommended at the present stage to use the total index of toxic pollution to assess the total technogenic pressure on the studied area. The assessment of complex pollution of the sediments can also be carried out on the basis of the total toxic pollution. The necessity to use the same permanent set of seven heavy metals Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni and As in solving the problem is substantiated. To present the results of field and laboratory studies, along with traditional tables, diagrams and graphs, it is recommended to use a color scheme map, where the technogenic pressure is displayed from the blue to the green and yellow to the red – the most dangerous. To assess the quality of the sediments for areas of water bodies experiencing anthropogenic load from the 1st – 2nd city-forming enterprises, can be carried out on the mono-element schematic maps or diagrams.