scholarly journals Evaluation of rice straw for purification of lovastatin

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 711-717
Author(s):  
WEN-TA SU ◽  
CHIN-CHUAN YI
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Coa Reductase

Cholesterol synthesis in the human body can be catalyzed by the coenzyme HMG-CoA reductase, and lovastatin, a key enzyme inhibitor, can reduce hypercholesterolemia. Lovastatin can be obtained as a secondary metabolite of Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542. In this study, rice straw of lignocellulose was used in aeration and agitation bath fermentation in a 1-L flask, and a maximal crude extraction rate of 473 mg/L lovastatin was obtained. The crude extract was treated with silica gel (230–400 mesh) column chromatography. Ethyl acetate/ethanol (95%) was used as the mobile phase, and isolation was performed through elution with various ethyl acetate/ethanol ratios. The highest production rate of 153 mg/L was achieved with ethyl acetate/ethanol in a ratio of 8:2. The lovastatin gained from the crude extract was added to 12 fractions treated with 0.001 N alkali, and acetone was then added. After 24 h of recrystallization at 4°C, the extract underwent high-performance liquid chromatography. The purity had increased from 25% to 84.6%, and the recovery rate was 65.2%.

scholarly journals Development of an Efficient Protocol for Cimifugin Isolation from Peucedanum schottii and Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitory Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Ewelina Kozioł ◽  
Ilkay Erdogan Orhan ◽  
F. Sezer Senol ◽  
Kalina Alipieva ◽  
Milen Georgiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Counter ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Counter Current ◽  
First Time ◽  
Analytical Scale

The dichloromethane (DCM) extract of the fruits of Peucedanum schottii Besser ex DC. (Apiaceae) was subjected to high-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) for the efficient and fast separation (30 min) and isolation of cimifugin using an ethyl acetate: water (1:1 v/v, K = 1.01) system. The analytical scale-optimized separation was easily scaled to semi-preparative conditions. Cimifugin (11.25% yield, 96.5% purity) was isolated for the first time from P. schottii and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Cimifugin and the crude DCM extract were evaluated using ELISA microtiter assays for their inhibitory potential against the cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase - AChE and butyrylcholinesterase - BChE), and tyrosinase (TYR), which are key enzymes for the treatment of some neurodegenerative diseases, i.e. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The crude extract exhibited a weak inhibitory activity against AChE, BChE, and TYR (4.2, 35.5, and 0% at 100 μg mL−1 and 10.3, 40.0, and 12.2% at 200 μg mL−1, respectively), while cimifugin displayed low to moderate inhibition towards AChE and BChE (3.1 and 21.6%, respectively) at 200 μg mL−1.

Chromatographic behaviour of some porphyrins and their complexes with Zn, Pd(II) and Cu(II)

2000 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. UVAROVA ◽  
G. D. BRYKINA ◽  
O. A. SHPIGUN
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Zinc Complexes ◽  
Acetate Concentration ◽  
Hydrophobic Compounds ◽  
Retention Parameters

In this work the influence of the porphyrin structure and of the nature of the mobile phase upon retention parameters is examined by means of reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Acetonitrile–ethyl acetate and other mixtures were used as eluents. An increase in the retention of azo- and benzosubstituted porphyrins as well as of those containing a large number of carbon atoms as substituents of macrocycles may be noted. A variation in the polarity of the mobile phase affects the retention of the ligands more than that of their zinc complexes. The retention of the most hydrophobic compounds may be well described in coordinates lg k'– lg M. For less hydrophobic porphyrins these dependences are close to linear only within limited intervals of mobile phase ethyl acetate concentration. The best separation of zinc complexes was achieved with acetonitrile as the eluent. The detection limit of porphyrin ligands and complexes with metals is n × 10-8 M.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity of crude extract and different fractions of Chlorella vulgaris axenic culture grown under various concentrations of copper ions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman A. El-fayoumy ◽  
Sanaa M. M. Shanab ◽  
Hanan S. Gaballa ◽  
Mohamed A. Tantawy ◽  
Emad A. Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Isolated Compound

Abstract Background Chlorella vulgaris is a microalga potentially used for pharmaceutical, animal feed, food supplement, aquaculture and cosmetics. The current study aims to study the antioxidant and prooxidant effect of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated under various conc. of copper ions. Methods The axenic green microalgal culture of Chlorella vulgaris was subjected to copper stress conditions (0.00, 0.079, 0.158, 0.316 and 0.632 mg/L). The growth rate was measured at OD680 nm and by dry weight (DW). Moreover, the Antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radical, pigments and phytochemical compounds of the crude extracts (methylene chloride: Methanol, 1:1) were evaluated. The promising Cu crude extract (0.316 mg/L) further fractionated into twenty-one fractions by silica gel column chromatography using hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate as a mobile phase. Results The obtained results reported that nine out of these fractions exhibited more than 50% antioxidant activity and anticancer activity against Hela cancer cell lines. Based on IC50, fraction No. 7 was found to be the most effective fraction possessing a significant increase in both antioxidant and anticancer potency. Separation of active compound (s) in fraction No 7 was performed using precoated silica gel plates (TLC F254) with ethyl acetate: hexane (9:1 v/v) as mobile phase. Confirmation of active compound separation was achieved by two-dimensional TLC and visualization of the separated compound by UV lamp. The complete identification of the separated active compound was performed by UV- Vis- spectrophotometric absorption, IR, MS, H1-NMRT C13-NMR. The isolated compound ((2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecenol) have high antioxidant activity with IC50 (10.59 μg/ml) against DPPH radical assay and comparable to the capacities of the positive controls, Butylated hydroxy toluene [BHT] (IC50 11.2 μg/ml) and Vitamin C (IC50 12.9 μg/ml). Furthermore, pure isolated compound exhibited a potent anticancer activity against Hela cell line with IC50 (4.38 μg/ml) compared to Doxorubicin (DOX) as synthetic drug (13.3 μg/ml). In addition, the interaction of the pure compound with Hela cancer cell line and gene expression were evaluated. Conclusions The authors recommend cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in large scale under various stress conditions for use the crude extracts and semi purified fractions for making a pharmaco-economic value in Egypt and other countries.

scholarly journals Detection of flavonoids in Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. leaves using high-performance liquid chromatography

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P. Victório ◽  
R.M. Kuster ◽  
C.L.S. Lage
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Alpinia Purpurata ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The species Alpinia purpurata is scarcely cited as to ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry. This study aimed to analyze bioactive compounds through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hydroalcoholic crude extract was obtained from A. purpurata dried leaves. Folin-Ciocalteau method was used to quantify total phenols, using gallic acid as standard. The obtained result was 15.6 mg GAE g-1. The crude extract was partitioned with the solvents ethyl acetate and butanol, followed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and HPLC. The flavonoids kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide and rutin were detected at a higher concentration in ethyl acetate and butanolic extracts. The butanolic extract contains the highest flavonoid percentage (94.3%). A. purpurata presents important flavonoids of therapeutic use, already verified for A. zerumbet. This is the first study verifying the presence of flavonoids in A. purpurata extracts.

Determination of Cimetidine, Famotidine, and Ranitidine Hydrochloride in the Presence of Their Sulfoxide Derivatives in Pure and Dosage Forms by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography and Scanning Densitometry

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadiga M Kelani ◽  
Azza M Aziz ◽  
Maha A Hegazy ◽  
Laila Abdel Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Ranitidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A selective, precise, and accurate method was developed for the determination of cimetidine (C), famotidine (F), and ranitidine hydrochloride (R·HCI)in the presence of their sulfoxide derivatives. The method involves quantitative densitometric evaluation of mixtures of the drugs and their derivatives after separation by high-performance thin-layer chromatography on silica gel plates (10 × 20 cm) with ethyl acetate–isopropanol–20% ammonia (9 + 5 + 4, v/v) as the mobile phase for both C and F and ethyl acetate–methanol–20% ammonia (10 + 2 + 2, v/v) as the mobile phase for R·HCI; Rf values for C, F, and R·HCI and their corresponding derivatives were 0.85 and 0.59, 0.73 and 0.41, and 0.56 and 0.33, respectively. Developing time was approximately 20 min. For densitometric evaluation, peak areas were recorded at 218, 265, and 313 nm for C, F, and R·HCI, respectively. The relationship between concentration and the corresponding peak area was plotted for the ranges of 5–50 μg/spot for C and 2–20 μg/spot for F and R·HCl. Mean recoveries were 100.39 ± 1.33, 99.77 ± 1.30, and 100.09 ± 0.69% for C, F, and R·HCI, respectively. The proposed method was used successfully for stability testing of the pure drugs in the presence of up to 90% of their degradates, in bulk powder and dosage forms. The results obtained were analyzed statistically and compared with those obtained by the official methods.

scholarly journals Flavonoid isolation and identification of mother-in-law’s tongue leaves (sansevieria trifasciata) and the inhibitory activities to xanthine oxidase enzyme

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 03011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah ◽  
Angelina ◽  
Mauhibah Yumna ◽  
Rita Arbianti ◽  
Tania Surya Utami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme ◽  
Antioxidant Agent

Hyperuricemia is a disease that is characterized by high uric acid levels, in which the number of victim increase year by year in the worldwide. Flavonoid is an active compound with inhibitory activity towards Xanthine Oxidase Enzyme which is a compound that plays a role in the formation of uric acid in the body. Sansevieria trifasciata is an ornamental plant which is also useful as a source of antibacterial and antioxidant agent. Studies of S. trifasciata as Xanthine Oxidase Enzyme inhibitor have not been reported. This research isolate flavonoid compounds using open column chromatography from crude extract of S. trifasciata leaves that extracted by sonication method. There are six eluent used to isolate flavonoid which are methanol : ethyl acetate, chloroform : ethyl acetate, chloroform : ethyl acetate : methanol. Wilstater test is used to select the fraction that rich of flavonoid. The best result from isolation step that contains flavonoid is assessed the inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase. It is analyzed qualitative using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS). The inhibition percentage showed that fraction 3 was potential to inhibit XO by 85.48 %. LC-MS chromatogram can show that crude extract and positive fraction of isolation were containing falvonoid.

scholarly journals Lovastatin inAspergillus terreus: Fermented Rice Straw Extracts Interferes with Methane Production and Gene Expression inMethanobrevibacter smithii

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi ◽  
Juan Boo Liang ◽  
Yin Wan Ho ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
Yong Meng Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Coa Reductase

Lovastatin, a natural byproduct of some fungi, is able to inhibit HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3methyl glutaryl CoA) reductase. This is a key enzyme involved in isoprenoid synthesis and essential for cell membrane formation in methanogenic Archaea. In this paper, experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that lovastatin secreted byAspergillus terreusin fermented rice straw extracts (FRSE) can inhibit growth and CH4production inMethanobrevibacter smithii(a test methanogen). By HPLC analysis, 75% of the total lovastatin in FRSE was in the active hydroxyacid form, andin vitrostudies confirmed that this had a stronger effect in reducing both growth and CH4production inM. smithiicompared to commercial lovastatin. Transmission electron micrographs revealed distorted morphological divisions of lovastatin- and FRSE-treatedM. smithiicells, supporting its role in blocking normal cell membrane synthesis. Real-time PCR confirmed that both commercial lovastatin and FRSE increased (P<0.01) the expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene (hmg). In addition, expressions of other gene transcripts inM. smithii. with a key involvement in methanogenesis were also affected. Experimental confirmation that CH4production is inhibited by lovastatin inA. terreus-fermented rice straw paves the way for its evaluation as a feed additive for mitigating CH4production in ruminants.

STUDIES ON HPTLC AND RP-HPLC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF TADALAFIL IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (01) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Z. G Khan ◽  
◽  
S. J. Surana ◽  
A. A. Shirkhedkar
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Aluminum Sheets ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Type

Tadalafil is a selective phosphodiesterase Type 5 enzyme inhibitor. Simple and sensitive High Performance Thin - Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and Reversed - Phase High - Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods have been developed for estimation of tadalafil in pharmaceutical dosage form. Separation of tadalafil was achieved on HPTLC aluminum sheets of silica gel 60 F254 with mixture of toluene: methanol (7.2: 2.8 V/V) as the mobile phase. tadalafil obeyed linearity in the concentration range of 300 - 800 ng/band with correlation coefficient (r2) 0.9994. Detection was performed densitometricaly at 284 nm with Rf 0.50 ± 0.02. RP-HPLC separation was achieved using Qualisil C18 column on mixture of methanol: water (75: 25 % V/V) as the mobile phase. Linearity was plotted in range of 2 – 12 μg/mL and (r2) value as 0.9998. The retention time was found to be 4.82 ± 0.02 min. The developed HPTLC and RP-HPLC methods have been successfully applied for the determination of tadalafil in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. Both these methods were statistically compared.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF ANNONACYN COMPOUND BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ON THE EXTRACT OF Annona muricata LINN SEED FOR PESTICIDE FORMULA

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freddy L Wurangian
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Limit Detection

Determination of annonacyn grade, a main insecticide compound has been done in the ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts produced by soxhletation, and ethyl acetate extract produced by fractionation of ethanolic extract to find out the most active extract to be used as raw material of pesticide formulae. Analysis method used the reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with column of Novapack ODS C-18 (waters; 3.9 x 150 nm), mobile phase was the mixture of acetonitrile-water. The result of this research showed the optimum condition as follows: the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (60:40), flow rate of 0.2 mL min-1, injection volume of 5.0 L, detector UV, wavelength () at 220 nm with AUFS of 1.00. The limit detection of annonacyn was 0.01 g, annonacyn grade in ethanolic extract produced by soxhletation: 0.0405 + 0.0021%, in ethyl acetate extract produced by soxhletation: 0.0293 + 0.0009%, in ethyl acetate extract produced by fractionation of ethanolic extract: 0.1003 + 0.0018%. The precision and accuracy of annonacyn in this research were respectively obtained 8.89% - 1.92%, and 4.91% - 7.28%, at the concentration of 5.00 g mL-1 - 25.00 g mL-1. The sensitivity was 0.75

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