scholarly journals Mechanical modification of softwood pulp fibers using a novel lightweight vertical bar plate

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-251
Author(s):  
HO-GYUNG GU ◽  
BYUNG-GUL MIN ◽  
JI-YOUNG LEE ◽  
SEE-HAN PARK ◽  
MIN-SEOK LEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Steel Alloy ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Sand Cast ◽  
Softwood Pulp ◽  
Insertion Method ◽  
Draft Angle

Refiner plates made using sand casting have a draft angle, which results in a trapezoidal bar shape. These trapezoidal bar plates have a limited throughput compared to the vertical bar plates, and eventually the edges of the bars become dull, resulting in longer time to reach the target freeness and shorter service life. The new light-weight refiner plate with a bar insertion method into a plate base was developed by selecting an aluminium-based alloy as the plate base material and a stainless steel alloy with high wear resistance as the bar material. The light-weight plate with sharp bar edges was very effective in reducing refining energy by reaching the target freeness faster than the sand-cast bar plate. Finally, the lightweight sharp bar plate, which weighed only about half the weight of the cast bar plate, was expected to significantly contribute to easy replacement, improved paper quality, and larger throughput without excessive loss of fiber length.

scholarly journals New technology for developing a lightweight refiner plate for hardwood kraft pulp fibers

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9128-9142
Author(s):  
Byeong-Geol Min ◽  
Ji-Young Lee ◽  
Chul-Hwan Kim ◽  
See-Han Park ◽  
Min-Seok Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Draft Angle ◽  
Reducing Energy

Sand casting makes it difficult to manufacture a fine bar plate for low intensity refining. This study introduced a novel technology for manufacturing lightweight fine bar plates and compared the effects to traditional bar plates. The lightweight fine bar plate base was manufactured using a lightweight aluminum alloy and stainless-steel. Because the bars were inserted into the plate vertically without the draft angle, the stock throughput was improved by approximately 27% compared to the sand-casted bar plates. Additionally, the lightweight fine bar plate maximized internal and external fibrillation while minimizing fiber length loss. In conclusion, the lightweight fine bar plate was shown to be more effective in improving the strength properties of paper and reducing energy consumption.

scholarly journals Tensile Strength and Dispersibility of Pulp/Danufil Wet-Laid Hydroentangled Nonwovens

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3931
Author(s):  
Chao Deng ◽  
R. Hugh Gong ◽  
Chen Huang ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Xiang-Yu Jin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Sewage Systems

Wet-laid hydroentangled nonwovens are widely used for disposable products, but these products generally do not have good dispersibility and can block sewage systems after being discarded into toilets. In this study, both pulp fibers and Danufil fibers are selected as we hypothesize that the high wet strength and striated surface of Danufil fibers would allow us to produce nonwovens with better dispersibility while having enough mechanical properties. The wet strength and dispersibility of nonwovens are systematically studied by investigating the influence of the fiber blend ratio, fiber length, and water jet pressure. The results indicate that the percent dispersion could be as high as 81.3% when the wet strength is higher than 4.8 N, which has been improved greatly comparing the percent dispersion of 67.6% reported before.

scholarly journals Alkali Extraction of Kraft Pulp Fibers: Influence on Fiber and Fluff Pulp Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155892501200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Lund ◽  
Karin Sjöström ◽  
Harald Brelid
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Fiber Network ◽  
Alkali Extraction ◽  
Flexible Fiber ◽  
Softwood Pulp ◽  
Softwood Kraft Pulp ◽  
Patent Literature ◽  
Network Strength ◽  
Birch Kraft Pulp

The importance of hemicelluloses for the papermaking properties of pulp fibers is well documented. In the patent literature, it can be seen that there is also an interest in this type of modification of pulp fibers for use in absorption products. In this study, a Scandinavian softwood kraft pulp and a birch kraft pulp were alkali extracted at 3 different concentrations of NaOH (2%, 4% and 8% NaOH in the suspension). The alkali extraction removed a large part of the hemicelluloses from the pulp fibers and decreased the content of the charged groups. After extraction, the pulps were dried in the form of sheets (approx. 600 g/m2). The alkali extracted pulp fibers exhibited a greater decrease in swelling when re-wetted than untreated pulp. A significant increase in the curl index after extraction with 4% and 8% NaOH was also noted. The tensile strength index of the formed sheets increased at the lowest concentration of NaOH and, at the higher concentrations, a decrease was observed. The pulp sheets were dry defibrated at different defibration intensities and the performance of the resulting pulps in fluff pulp applications was studied. The air-laid fiber networks of softwood pulp fibers showed higher network strength than the networks of birch pulps. The birch pulp extracted at the highest alkali level tended to give the highest network strength. The results from the network strength tests also indicated that the increased curl of the fibers from the softwood pulp extracted at the highest alkali level rendered a more flexible fiber network. In water absorption tests, the alkali treated softwood fibers tended to give networks with a somewhat enhanced water holding capacity under pressure.

Influence of the Steel Fiber Length on the Properties of Lightweight Concrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 739 ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
Ru Jie Huang ◽  
Chen Shi ◽  
Guo Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Earthquake Resistance ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Aggregate Concrete

Lightweight aggregate concrete has lower density and lower elasticity modulus, so it has better earthquake resistance. But the low strength limited the application of lightweight concrete. Steel fiber can improve the strength of lightweight aggregate concrete. In this paper, the influences of different lengths of steel fiber on the slump, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and antiflex cracking strength are investigated. The results show that adding steel fiber reduces the workability of the concrete mixture, but it improved the each strength of light weight concrete and different lengths have the different regularity of effects.

The Low-Cycle Fatigue Strength of Laser-Welded Ultra-High-Strength Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku Keskitalo ◽  
Kari Mäntyjärvi ◽  
Toni Kiuru
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Weld Seam ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Design Strength

The UUltra -high -strength (UHS) steels are used in booms, transport vechicles and other light weight structures. It is well -known that it is possible to achieve a strong weld statically, as the base material, by using laser welding as a weld method [1]. The design strength of the light weight structure is often rather high. In the case of booms and transport vechilevehicles, there can be very high dynamic forces in the structure. Therefore it is necessary to study how much fatigue stress the weld seam can resist and at the same time find the optimal welding parameters. The 4 mm bainitic-martensitic UHS steel was welded with laser without filler material to lasercut seam edges by using different weld parameters. Argon gas was blown by pipe onr coaxial nozzle near the key hole and through a 60 mm gas nozzle after the keyhole. Also, the root side of the weld was shielded with argon. The welds were tested by using the bending fatigue test. The test stresses were 800 MPa and 700 MPa. The fatigue strength results showed that with the laser welded seams, the number of cycles wereas about three times lower than with the base material. The fatigue strength was slightly better in welds which were welded with lower energy input. In the case of the weld seam which was welded with lowest energy input by using 300 mm optics, there was some incomplete penetration due to tooexcessively high surface roughness ofat the weld seam edges.

Wear Resistance and XRD Analyses of CNiCrSiBO Coatings Obtained by Thermal Deposition on OLC45 Substrate

2014 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petru Avram ◽  
Marius Stelian Imbrea ◽  
Bogdan Istrate ◽  
Sorin Iacob Strugaru ◽  
Iulian Cucos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Thermal Deposition ◽  
High Durability ◽  
New Material ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
The Impact

In army industry are some of machine elements that are subjected to wear solicitations and must have a high wear resistance. The impact of their damage and also their maintenance costs are very high, that is why we proposed to improve their performances. Researches in surface engineering allow the obtaining of new systems of materials by coating the base material surface with other material having superior properties. In order to improve the machine elements durability, we proposed to obtain a new system of materials by thermal deposition. We have chosen the steel type OLC45 as base material and we coated it with CNiCrSiBO. We made the samples which we have analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction and we obtained the quality of the coating. The results showed that the new material has a better structure than the base material, and we can estimate a high durability of the machine elements coated.

scholarly journals Tensile Properties of Bagasse Fiber Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-511
Author(s):  
Sheraz Hussain Siddique ◽  
Dr. Saira Faisal ◽  
Bilal Zahid ◽  
Chunhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Cane Juice ◽  
Sugar Cane Juice ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Bagasse Fiber ◽  
Bagasse Waste

Bagasse is a waste generated in abundance from the sugarcane industry. This investigation was planned to convert bagasse waste into a useful composite. For this purpose the bagasse waste was obtained from sugar cane juice producer. In this study, the extraction of bagasse fibers was done manually and they were treated with sodium hydroxide. The treated bagasse fibers had higher tensile properties as compared to untreated ones, so the alkali treated fibers were used as reinforcement for making composites. Hand lay-up technique was used to manufacture bagasse composite samples. The fiber length (1 inch and 2 inch) and fiber weight percentage (10 wt% and 20 wt%) were considered as variables. It was found that better tensile properties were obtained with higher fiber length (2 inch) and weight percentage (20 wt%). Bagasse-cotton fabric composites were also produced using cotton fabric as a base material and the bagasse fibers were sandwiched between a printed and plain cotton fabric. The idea was to consider these composites useful for sun-shades or for decorative purposes. It was also found that bagasse-cotton fabric reinforced composites had higher tensile strength and strain; however the modulus had reduced due to higher elongation of cotton fabrics. With the increase in the weight percentage the tensile properties had reduced this might be because during the composite manufacturing the epoxy resin had to pass through the fabric to wet the bagasse fiber out and they were not wetted out properly. This phenomenon needs further investigation.

scholarly journals High-carbon steel: microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of heat affected zone after welding with fast cooling

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
M. Brykov ◽  
◽  
V. Efremenko ◽  
M. Osipov ◽  
A. Kapustyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Initial Structure ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Fast Cooling

The goal of this work is to estimate the abrasive wear resistance of heat affected zone (HAZ) after welding high-carbon low-alloy steel 120Mn3Si2 with fast cooling. The following benchmark data were used: microstructures of HAZ of 120Mn3Si2 steel after welding with cooling in water; abrasive wear resistance of different microstructure constituents of 120Mn3Si2 steel in two-body abrasive wear conditions. It is shown that high abrasive wear resistance of material in HAZ is provided in the vicinity of fusion line. The reason is unstable retained austenite which appears in HAZ as a result of quenching at fast cooling right after welding. The wear resistance of material in HAZ is altered by microstructural changes from austenite to austenite+martensite and finally martensite. The martensitic zone is about 0.5 mm wide and it is followed by zone of tempering of initial structure of steel. Zone of tempering is 1.5-2.0 mm wide and is the only zone of low abrasive wear resistance in HAZ of 120Mn3Si2 steel welded with fast cooling. Welding of 120Mn3Si2 steel with fast cooling in water results in welding joints which have as high wear resistant as the base material or even higher. This enables manufacturing flat welded elements with high wear-resistance and large surface area

scholarly journals In-process detection of fiber cutting in low consistency refining based on measurement of forces on refiner bars

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Harirforoush ◽  
J. Olson ◽  
P. Wild
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Scale Parameter ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Normal Forces ◽  
Process Detection

A major drawback of low consistency refining is the degradation of mechanical properties due to fiber cutting at high refining energies. Conventional strategies to avoid fiber cutting are based on post-refining measurement of pulp properties and, typically, this does not enable rapid adjustment of refiner operation in response to the onset of fiber cutting. The objective of this study is to detect the onset of fiber cutting by using custom-designed piezoelectric force sensors that measure shear and normal forces applied to pulp fibers by the refiner bars. Trials are performed in an AIKAWA/Advanced Fiber Technologies Inc. 16-in. single-disc low consistency refiner. The trials are run using mechanical softwood SPF (spruce, pine, and fir) pulp with 378 ml CSF at 2.5% and 3.5% consistency at rotational speeds of 800 rpm, 1000 rpm, and 1200 rpm. Distributions of the peak normal and shear forces and peak coefficient of friction are determined for each operating condition, and a two-parameter Weibull function is fit to each of these distributions. The scale parameter, which is one of the key parameters of the Weibull function, is calculated, and length-weighted fiber length is plotted as a function of this parameter. The results show that the onset of fiber cutting consistently corresponds to a distinct transition in the plot of length-weighted fiber length versus scale parameter. This transition is believed to be caused by a fundamental transition in the fiber-bar interaction. Moreover, frequency analysis of the sensor data shows that the magnitude of the dominant frequency remains relatively constant while the plate gap is reduced, up to a threshold value, which corresponds to the onset of fiber cutting. These results suggest that these sensors have potential to be used for in-process detection of the onset of fiber cutting.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document