scholarly journals World War II and its Impact on French Canadians

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 182-185
Author(s):  
Daniela-Elena Duralia
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Social Life ◽  
World War ◽  
French Canadians ◽  
Canadian French ◽  
Traditional Lifestyle

This research takes the perspective of a Romanian-born philologist after having lived, studied, and taught in the Quebec public educational system for nearly 12 years. The main purpose of this study is to discuss the important influences World War II had on the evolution of Quebec society. Examining Quebec's social life and culture from a historic standpoint is a primordial step for immigrants and their integration into Quebec's society. An analysis of the corpus selected for this study, namely, Roch Carrier's La guerre, yes sir!, Jean Jules Richard’s Neuf jours de haine, Jean Vaillancourt’ s Les Canadians errants, and Gabrielle Roy’s Bonheur d’ occasion, reveals that World War II marked in different ways the disturbance of the traditional, pastoral, and agrarian life, which triggered some modernist influences in people’s lives. For instance, the war changed women’s condition. When Canadian French men were shipped out to Europe to fight in the war, women were employed in Quebec’s factories and plants. Even though they were paid less than men, they became independent and autonomous. Another example is the presence of British soldiers in Quebec, which disturbed the traditional lifestyle of French Canadians. It was difficult for English soldiers to understand the locals’ culture, who in turn, perceived them as dangerous and responsible for the war. Nowadays, Quebecers’ mentality is influenced by the various cultures they are surrounded by, yet, they still preserve some values which are originated during World War II.

scholarly journals Polityka oświatowa władz w procesie instalowania nowego ładu społecznego (1944–1948)

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Edyta Kahl
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Educational System ◽  
The Political ◽  
School Structure ◽  
World War ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
Post War ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
Teachers Training ◽  
Social Debate

The problems discussed in the article concern the educational policy in Poland in the first years after World War II (1944-1948). The article presents the educational concepts and postulates of different political fractions and teachers’ circles, which already before the end of the War had formulated their own educational programmes. The discussions about the shape of the post-war educational system, particularly the organization of schools, the school structure, the ideological foundations, the syllabus, school handbooks and teachers’ training, were carried out, among others, between the representatives of the National Democrats, Christian-national groups, political parties, teachers’ organizations and school administration. Their attitudes to many problems varied considerably, and thus, the situation required social debate and confrontation of opinions. The quality of those discussions, the style in which the educational problems were solved as well as the direction of the structural and ideological transformations in the post-war educational system, were significantly influenced by the geopolitical post-war conditions and a strong position of the Left, consolidated by the Soviets, in the policy of the Polish state. In the expansive struggle for the political leadership in Poland, the Left used different forms of pressure and terror in order to eliminate the opposition. To achieve social legitimization for its pseudo-democratic activities, the Left undertook attempts to encourage other groups to co-operate. Particularly, the communists tried to attract cultural elites, including teachers, who they wanted to use to start the process of rebuilding social consciousness according to the rules of the ideology of Marxism and Leninism. These monopolistic ambitions, in the first years after World War II, were reflected in the destruction of the underground state and the development of administrative structures of the totalitarian system. As far as the educational system is concerned, the policy of the Left was manifested in more and more apparent actions taken to subordinate school to the communists’ interests, thus including education into the process of the transformation of the political system. All those activities, were part of the phenomenon of structural Sovietization, formed the foundations for the ideological offensive, planned by the communists and conducted on a massive scale after the formation, in 1948, of the monopolistic Stalinian party - PZPR (Polish United Workers’ Party).

Niemcy w Warszawie po raz pierwszy. Nowsze opracowania na temat niemieckiej okupacji 1915–1918

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1 (464)) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Maciej Górny
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World War ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
The Many ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Great War

The article describes the newer works devoted to the occupation of Polish lands, especially of Warsaw during World War I. Recently, this subject, so far neglected, has drown the attention of numerous scientists, both from Poland and from abroad. Their point of view is different not only from the older perspectives, but also from the perspectives of slightly newer works on the other occupied areas and emphasizing the connection between the experience of the Great War and genocide during World War II. In the most precious fragments, the new historiography gives a very wide image of social life, in which the proper place is taken by previously marginalised social groups. Differently from the older works, the policy of the occupants on the Polish lands is not treated only as a unilateral dictate, but rather as a dynamic process of negotiation, in which the strength and position of each of the (many) sides has been changed. And, this change is accompanied by the new arrangements concerning almost all aspects of the German policy and the conditions of living during World War I.

The Émigré Walt Whitman: Songs of Mourning, 1943–1948

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
Lawrence Kramer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
Paul Hindemith ◽  
Collective Trauma ◽  
World War ◽  
Boer War ◽  
Musical Settings ◽  
The Us

Musical settings of Walt Whitman’s poetry were ‘beyond the nation’ from the very beginning. The first of them was composed in 1880 by an Alsatian immigrant to the US, Frédéric Louis Ritter, and until around 1930 the majority of Whitman settings came from German and British composers. The majority of those settings, in turn, dealt with war and its aftermath in mourning. Whitman’s poetry of the American Civil War provided a template for grappling musically with later conflicts, from the Boer War to World War I to World War II. The years 1942 and 1948 saw major war-themed settings from four German and German-émigré composers: Kurt Weill and Paul Hindemith in America, and Hans Werner Henze and Karl Amadeus Hartmann in Germany. A common thread among these pieces, exemplified most explicitly in Weill’s setting of ‘Come Up from the Fields, Father’, is the question of whether and how the act of transposed mourning can make the collective trauma of war ‘livable’ – in a sense of the term derived from T. W. Adorno and Judith Butler, for whom ‘livability’ is measured by the power of publicly avowed mourning to integrate trauma into the symbolic systems on which social life depends.

CHEMICAL SCHOOL IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Krzysztof CYGAN
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
World War ◽  
New School ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

In the current paper, the creation and development of the chemical school which as a completely new institution functioned since 1919 is presented. Despite the numerous transformations and under various names the school operated till the outbreak of the World War II. It was not only the new school but also relatively new military branch, which survived to the contemporary times. The established school had neither the tradition nor the history, however, by providing the services it managed to educate competent and professional commanders. Its educational system enabled the staff to train according to their positions or military specialties.

scholarly journals How the Female Subject was Tempered. An Instructive History of 8 March and Its Media Representation in Naša Žena (Our Woman)

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-43
Author(s):  
Paula Petričević
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Female Subject ◽  
Media Representation ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Socialism ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Abstract The author explores the socialist emancipation of women in Montenegro during World War II and its aftermath, using the example of the 8 March celebrations. The social life of this ‘holiday of the struggle of all the women in the world’ speaks powerfully of the strength and fortitude involved in the mobilization of women during the war and during the postwar building of socialist Yugoslavia, as well as the sudden modernization and unprecedented political subjectivation of women. The emancipatory potential of these processes turned out to be limited in the later period of stabilization of Yugoslav state socialism and largely forgotten in the postsocialist period. The author argues that the political subjectivation of women needs to be thought anew, as a process that does not take place in a vacuum or outside of a certain ideological matrix, whether socialist or liberal.

scholarly journals Educational contexts of migration. The case of East Prussia / Warmia and Mazury in 1945

2021 ◽  
pp. 268-285
Author(s):  
Izabela Lewandowska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
World War ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Museum Exhibitions ◽  
Post War ◽  
East Prussia

Millions of people were forced to emigrate when World War II came to an end in 1945. Migration processes were particularly pronounced in East Prussia, the German territory that was partitioned between Poland and the USSR after the war. Germans fled from East Prussia, and their farms were settled by newcomers from central Poland and the Eastern Borderlands that had been ceded to the Soviet Union. This article discusses the narrative surrounding the wave of post-war migration in Polish and German academia, museums and informal education. An analysis of textbooks and academic scripts revealed that this topic has received broad coverage in the German educational system. Museum exhibitions focusing on emigration from East Prussia and the Eastern Borderlands were also examined, and the results of the analysis indicate that German museums displayed a greater interest in the topic.In the last step, websites dedicated to migration issues were compared as a form of informal education. The comparison revealed a similar number of websites as well as similar levels of activity in Polish and German websites.

scholarly journals Latin American Popular Art in a Museum: How Things Become Art

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-89
Author(s):  
Olaya Sanfuentes
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
World War ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Popular Art ◽  
The People ◽  
Latin American Culture

In 1943 when Universidad de Chile celebrated its centennial all Latin American nations were invited to participate in the commemorative events. One of the most interesting was the Exhibition of American Popular Art at the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes(National Museum of Fine Arts) which brought together the objects from participating countries. The Universidad de Chile´s invitation asked countries to send functional objects that were part of the people´s daily lives. The exhibition was very successful, critically acclaimed, and highly attended. But above all, it planted the seed for what was to become the Museo de Artes Populares Americanas(American Popular Art Museum) functioning to this day.In this essay I would like to highlight a series of contexts, actors and institutions behind the phenomena: specific incarnations of Pan Americanism during the Second World War; the Latin American perspective in general and in particular, the Chilean perspective of the university´s role in society; the new value of Latin American arts since the 20thcentury. These contexts and events are useful to shed light on the “social life” of the objects that were part of the exhibition and they also help us to understand a dynamic definition of art which emerged from the recognition of craft in use as worthy of exhibition in a National Fine Arts Museum and then to remain at the permanent collection of a popular art museum.The radical importance of this essay is that it constitutes an example of a thing which represents not just art but also other values. In a midst of the World War II, Latin American Popular Art represented peace. The objects of the exhibition were seen as incarnations of Latin American cultural identity and historiography has gone on to view Latin American culture as a specific contribution to peace effort.

scholarly journals The Siege. From Pereiaslav to the Present

2019 ◽  
pp. 818-821
Author(s):  
Yuri Bohaievsky
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
World War ◽  
Foreign Missions ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Personal Reflections

In the article, the author analyses the book of memoirs of a veteran of the diplomatic service, Volodymyr Chornyi. “The siege from Pereiaslav to this day” – under this significant name, with the assistance of the Directorate-General for Rendering Services to Foreign Missions and the creative team of the Advertising and Publishing Department of the “Mediacenter” Directorate, the long-awaited book was published. The book presents author’s reflections on the difficult past and present not only of our Ukraine and its people, but also of an individual who has suffered and cooled down over many years. The author claims that this work of his colleague is impossible to read without accompanying personal reflections and memories. It is noted that the book started with a story about Volodymyr Chornyi’s native village – Ivanhorod in Cherkasy region – which then goes into the context of Ukrainian history. The book contains many unknown or little-known facts. The author claims that the book pays great attention to the sad and tragic periods of social life in Ukraine in different years – wars and famines. Volodymyr Chornyi also mentions the negative consequences of a strategic partnership with post-Soviet Russia. It is noted that under the leadership of the current President, the Russian Federation is increasingly becoming an outspoken successor of the totalitarian ideology of the former Soviet “Evil Empire”. The author of the article described the publication as a collection of memoirs, interviews and documents about the Soviet reality from the personal Latvian, Kazakh and Yakut experience of the author of the book. It is important that the book presents for the first time all available lists of victims of political repression, the Second World War and the Holodomor of 1932-1933. It is mentioned that the lead in the story has an opinion about the extremely important role of parents in everything that the author has achieved over the long years of his life. He dedicated this book to them and his countrymen. Keywords: Volodymyr Chornyi, memories, Ukraine, World War II, Holodomor.

scholarly journals To commemorate the 75th anniversary of Victory in the World War II: how has digitalization changed our attitude to history

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Olga V. Lvova
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Life ◽  
State Level ◽  
World War ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation

Problem and goal. The actual problem of digitalization means, degree and consequences of influence on fostering public and personal opinion in society is considered in the article. The purpose of the study was to show that digitalization is qualitatively changing some aspects of social life. Methodology. Determination of digitalization means, degree and consequences of influence on some aspects of social life was carried out by analysis of work results of some sites/portals devoted to events of World War II. Results. Digitalization nowadays is a process being quickly spread all around the world. It covers a wide range of human activities: business, industry, agriculture, education, healthcare, culture and social life. The process being very new, complex and challenging demands developing of a high (state) level strategy such as Industrie 4.0 - one of ten projects for State Hi-Tech Strategy of Germany up 2020 or Digital Economy of the Russian Federation. Moreover it becomes obvious that digitalization influences not only production but also society. In 2016 Japan released concept Society 5.0 - a large plan of social transformations. Interesting and remarkable results in fostering some aspects of social life were also reached in the Russian Federation during preparation of Great Victory 75th anniversary celebration. Conclusion. It is demonstrated that massive digitalization of personal archives (photos, documents, family/participant of events stories, eyewitness accounts) as well as access to archived data of state institutions and possibility to translate all information for free has fostered qualitatively new personal and social attitude to remarkable historical events.

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