scholarly journals The Relative Contribution of Patterns of Exposure to Community Violence in Predicting Aggressive Behaviours and Fear Among a Sample of Children in The Age (4-5 Years)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Mansour Mohammed Ali Bopaeda
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Total Degree ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
High Level

This study aims to identify the relative contribution of patterns of exposure to community violence in predicting aggressive behavior and fear among a sample of children in the age (4-5) years, on a sample of (200) children from the Riyadh kindergarten, including (94) males and females. (106) Female The researchers used the scale of exposure to community violence, the modified version prepared by Fox, & Leavitt (1995). To measure the level of exposure to violence and the scale of aggression and anxiety derived from the list of behavioral problems for children. The results indicated a high level of exposure to community violence among children, and there were differences between males and females in the level of exposure to community violence, and a significant relationship was found between exposure to community violence, aggressive behavior and anxiety, and exposure to community violence as a victim predicted at a significance level (0.01) of aggressive behavior and fear. Both the total degree and exposure to violence as a witness do not predict aggressive behavior and fear, and therefore it can be said that the greatest contribution to influencing aggression and fear in children comes from exposure to violence as a victim.

Effortful control, exposure to community violence, and aggressive behavior: Exploring cross-lagged relations in adolescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concetta Esposito ◽  
Dario Bacchini ◽  
Nancy Eisenberg ◽  
Gaetana Affuso
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence

scholarly journals Identify the most prevalent behavioral problems among orphaned children from the point of view of supervisors in the light of some variables in the center of child care in Muscat Governorate

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Mohammed Abdullah Al Attar
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Orphaned Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Males And Females

The aim of this study was to identify the most prevalent behavioral problems among orphaned children from the point of view of supervisors in the light of some variables in the center of child care in Muscat Governorate, and the number of the sample (44) supervisor and supervisor. The researcher used the measure of behavioral problems in children deprived of the family environment by the preparation of Hoywa (2016). The research followed the descriptive approach, and the research found that the most common behavioral problems in orphaned children is the problem of lying and then the problem of hyperactivity followed by the problem of aggressive behavior and in the latter came the problem of aggressive behavior. The study also showed no statistically significant differences between males and females in behavioral problems.

Individual Differences in Patterns of Community Violence Exposure and Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051986714
Author(s):  
Sharon F. Lambert ◽  
Rachel M. Tache ◽  
Sabrina R. Liu ◽  
Karen Nylund-Gibson ◽  
Nicholas S. Ialongo
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Adjustment ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Youth community violence has been linked with depressive and anxious symptoms, and aggressive behavior; however, little research has examined different combinations of emotional and behavioral adjustment among community-violence-exposed youth, or individual characteristics that may account for different patterns of emotional and behavioral adjustment in community-violence-exposed youth. This research used person-centered methods to examine how gender, temperament characteristics, and prior exposure to community violence were linked with classes of community violence exposure and internalizing and externalizing adjustment among a sample of urban African American youth. Participants were 464 African American adolescents (46.7% female; mean age = 14.83, SD = .43) who reported their community violence exposure in Grade 9 and for whom reports of depressive and anxious symptoms, and aggressive behavior were available. Latent class analysis identified four classes of adolescents distinguished by their exposure to community violence exposure and internalizing and externalizing behavior. The two classes with high community violence exposure were characterized by internalizing symptoms or aggressive behavior; the two classes with low community violence exposure had low internalizing symptoms with moderate aggression or had all moderate symptoms. These community violence adjustment classes were distinguished by gender, history of community violence exposure, behavioral inhibition, and fight–flight–freeze systems. Findings highlight heterogeneity in internalizing and externalizing responses of community-violence-exposed youth and suggest factors that explain community violence exposure, repeat exposure, and responses to community violence exposure.

The role of exposure to community violence and developmental problems among inner-city youth

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBORAH GORMAN–SMITH ◽  
PATRICK TOLAN
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence

While research has well documented that urban youth are exposed to increasing rates of community violence, little is known about what increases risk for violence exposure, what protects children from exposure to violence, and what factors reduce the most negative outcomes associated with witnessing violence. This study expands on current research by evaluating the relations between exposure to violence, family relationship characteristics and parenting practices, and aggression and depression symptoms. Data were drawn from a sample of 245 African-American and Latino boys and their caregivers from economically disadvantaged inner-city neighborhoods in Chicago. Rates of exposure could not be predicted from family relationship and parenting characteristics, although there was a trend for discipline to be related. Exposure to community violence was related to increases in aggressive behavior and depression over a 1-year period even after controlling for previous status. Future studies should continue to evaluate the role of exposure to violence on the development of youth among different neighborhoods and communities. Implications for intervention and policy are discussed.

Differences in Abuse, Neglect, and Exposure to Community Violence in Adolescents With and Without PTSD and Depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 4357-4383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Nöthling ◽  
Sharain Suliman ◽  
Lindi Martin ◽  
Candice Simmons ◽  
Soraya Seedat
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence

South African adolescents are exposed to high levels of violence and trauma, including community violence, abuse, and neglect. Violence and trauma are associated with negative mental health outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Demographic characteristics, additional exposure to trauma, community violence, and types of childhood abuse and neglect may place adolescents at greater risk of developing PTSD. This study aimed to first assess the weighted contribution of demographic factors, trauma load, community violence, and types of abuse and neglect in predicting PTSD symptom severity. Second, we aimed to determine group differences in demographic factors, trauma load, community violence, and types of abuse and neglect among participants with no disorder, PTSD only, PTSD and depression, and depression only. Participants were 215 adolescents identified with emotional and/or behavioral problems and referred to an adolescent trauma clinic from schools in the Western Cape region of South Africa. Clinical assessments were undertaken to assess community violence exposure; physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; physical and emotional neglect; and a clinical diagnosis of PTSD and comorbidity. Trauma-exposed adolescents with PTSD and depression reported significantly higher levels of emotional abuse and community violence exposure in comparison with trauma-exposed adolescents without a disorder. Emotional abuse, community violence exposure, and female gender were significant predictors of PTSD in regression analysis. These findings underscore the contribution of different types of trauma in the development of PTSD. Interventions focused on preventing trauma, PTSD, and depression should be multifaceted and be targeted at various levels, for example, individual/interpersonal level (reduce abuse in the household and immediate environment) and community/societal level (reduce crime rates in communities and strengthen conviction policies). Traumatized youth should routinely be screened for a history of abuse and particularly exposure to community violence, given their strong association with PTSD.

scholarly journals Psychosocial adolescent psychosocial adjustment in Brazil – perception of parenting style, stressful events and violence

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Pereira Da Cruz Benetti ◽  
Cristian Schwartz ◽  
Glaucia Roth Soares ◽  
Francis Macarena ◽  
Marco Pascoal Pattussi
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Control Study

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between measures of exposure to violence, stressful events, family socialization practices, and demographic characteristics in a group of adolescents from a Southern region of Brazil. Three hundred adolescents were investigated in a case-control study. The results showed that adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems had significant higher stressful events, violence exposure, and negative parental practices, compared with controls. However, exposure to violence was the most deteriorating condition associated with the adolescents’ clinical internalization and externalization behaviors. Findings suggest the benefit of targeting actions geared to strengthen the quality of family interactions as well as to implement preventive programs to reduce community violence impact and to enhance support in the community.

scholarly journals Kecenderungan dan Perubahan Hujan Ekstrem Harian di Pulau Madura

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nur Akma Juangga Fura ◽  
Retno Utami Agung Wiyono ◽  
Indarto Indarto
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Random Processes ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Rainfall Trend ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Crossing Test

Madura subject to a high level of flood hazard. One of the main causes of flood is extreme rainfall. Global warming generates changes in the amount of extreme rainfall. This research is conducted to identify and to analyze the trends, changes, and randomness of 24-hour extreme rainfall data on Madura Island. The method used is a non-parametric method which includes the Median Crossing test, the Mann-Kendall test, and the Rank-Sum test at the significance level of α =0.05. The analysis was carried out on 31 rain gauge stations. The recording period observed is between 1991-2015. The results of the analysis show that based on the Median Crossing test, most rainfall stations have data originating from random processes. The result shows also that the maximum 24-hour extreme rainfall trend is significantly decreased in a few locations, while for the majority of other stations have no experience a significant trend.

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