EVALUATION OF WALNUT SHELL ABRASIVE SANDPAPER

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
Sunday Gbenga Borisade ◽  
Olatunde Ajani Oyelaran ◽  
James Abioye
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Binding Effect ◽  
Abrasive Properties

This study is focused on development of an eco-friendly abrasive sandpaper using walnut shell (WS) with the binding effect of epoxy resin on WS, iron oxide and silica, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and pulverized graphite. The method of mixing and mould compression using a hydraulic press matrix composite with five varying composition was used. The compositions were made by varying  the weight of WS, epoxy resin with that of iron oxide and silica, calcium carbonate and pulverized graphite were left constant expressed in percentage weight The abrasive properties investigated were density, compressive strength and wear resistance and water and oil absorption rate. The results reveals obtained that the density, wear resistance rate and compressive strength of the tested composition decreases with increasing WS content despite the fact the rate water absorption increases with increasing WS. The result of obtained reveals that WS can be utilized in the production of abrasive sandpaper

scholarly journals Production of Abrasive Sandpaper using Periwinkle Shells and Crab Shells

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
YUSUF LANRE SHUAIB-BABATA ◽  
Ibrahim Owolabi Ambali ◽  
Lawal Babatunde Abdulqadir ◽  
Hassan Kobe Ibrahim ◽  
Ishaq Na’allah Aremu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Binding Effect ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Abrasive Properties ◽  
Periwinkle Shell

In this study, the abrasive properties of periwinkle shell and crab shell grains with the binding effect of polyester resin at high concentration were evaluated. The abrasive properties considered were the hardness, compressive strength and wear resistance. The shells were processed into grit standards by crushing, grinding and then sieving using ASTM E11 set of sieves into grain sizes of P40 and P60. Furthermore on, the grits were developed into polymer matrix composite with particles varying from 96 wt.% to 92 wt.% and resin 3 wt.% to 7 wt.% with 1 wt.% each of cobalt naphthalene and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide hardener respectively by mixing and mold compression using a hydraulic press. It was found that, with an increase in polyester resin content, the hardness and compressive strength increased, while the wear rate decreased. The composition with most improved abrasive properties was 92 wt.% periwinkle shell grains to 7 wt.% polyester resin.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Compounds Modified with Calcium Carbonate and Carbon after Hygrothermal Exposure

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5439
Author(s):  
Anna Rudawska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Shock Chamber ◽  
Modified Epoxy ◽  
Thermal Shocks

The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of hygrothermal exposure on the mechanical properties of epoxy compounds modified with calcium carbonate or carbon fillers. In addition, comparative tests were carried out with the same parameters as hygrothermal exposure, but the epoxy compounds were additionally exposed to thermal shocks. The analysis used cylindrical specimens produced from two different epoxy compounds. The specimens were fabricated from compounds of epoxy resins, based on Bisphenol A (one mixture modified, one unmodified) and a polyamide curing agent. Some of the epoxy compounds were modified with calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The remainder were modified with activated carbon (C). Each modifying agent, or filler, was added at a rate of 1 g, 2 g, or 3 g per 100 g of epoxy resin. The effect of the hygrothermal exposure (82 °C temperature and 95% RH humidity) was examined. The effects of thermal shocks, achieved by cycling between 82 °C and −40 °C, on selected mechanical properties of the filler-modified epoxy compounds were investigated. Strength tests were carried out on the cured epoxy compound specimens to determine the shear strength, compression modulus, and compressive strain. The analysis of the results led to the conclusion that the type of tested epoxy compounds and the quantity and type of filler determine the effects of climate chamber aging and thermal shock chamber processing on the compressive strength for the tested epoxy compounds. The different filler quantities, 1–3 g of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or activated carbon (C), determined the strength parameters, with results varying from the reference compounds and the compounds exposure in the climate chamber and thermal shock chamber. The epoxy compounds which contained unmodified epoxy resin achieved a higher strength performance than the epoxy compounds made with modified epoxy resin. In most instances, the epoxy compounds modified with CaCO3 had a higher compressive strength than the epoxy compounds modified with C (activated carbon).

The influence of the addition of ground olive stone on the thermo-mechanical behavior of compressed earth blocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Samia Djadouf ◽  
Nasser Chelouah ◽  
Abdelkader Tahakourt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Olive Stone ◽  
Compressed Earth Blocks ◽  
Clay Matrix ◽  
Earth Blocks

Sustainable development and environmental challenges incite to valorize local materials such as agricultural waste. In this context, a new ecological compressed earth blocks (CEBS) with addition of ground olive stone (GOS) was proposed. The GOS is added as partial clay replacement in different proportions. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of GOS levels on the thermal properties and mechanical behavior of CEB. We proceeded to determining the optimal water content and equivalent wet density by compaction using a hydraulic press, at a pressure of 10 MPa. The maximum compressive strength is reached at 15% of the GOS. This percentage increases the mechanical properties by 19.66%, and decreases the thermal conductivity by 37.63%. These results are due to the optimal water responsible for the consolidation and compactness of the clay matrix. The substitution up to 30% of GOS shows a decrease of compressive strength and thermal conductivity by about 38.38% and 50.64% respectively. The decrease in dry density and thermal conductivity is related to the content of GOS, which is composed of organic and porous fibers. The GOS seems promising for improving the thermo-mechanical characteristics of CEB and which can also be used as reinforcement in CEBS.

A method for measuring the in-plane compressive strength and the compression behavior of coating layers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
TEEMU PUHAKKA ◽  
ISKO KAJANTO ◽  
NINA PYKÄLÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Mineral Coatings ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Cracking at the fold is a quality defect sometimes observed in coated paper and board. Although tensile and compressive stresses occur during folding, test methods to measure the compressive strength of a coating have not been available. Our objective was to develop a method to measure the compressive strength of a coating layer and to investigate how different mineral coatings behave under compression. We used the short-span compressive strength test (SCT) to measure the in-plane compressive strength of a free coating layer. Unsupported free coating films were prepared for the measurements. Results indicate that the SCT method was suitable for measuring the in-plane compressive strength of a coating layer. Coating color formulations containing different kaolin and calcium carbonate minerals were used to study the effect of pigment particles’ shape on the compressive and tensile strengths of coatings. Latices having two different glass transition temperatures were used. Results showed that pigment particle shape influenced the strength of a coating layer. Platy clay gave better strength than spherical or needle-shaped carbonate pigments. Compressive and tensile strength decreased as a function of the amount of calcium carbonate in the coating color, particularly with precipitated calcium carbonate. We also assessed the influence of styrene-butadiene binder on the compressive strength of the coating layer, which increased with the binder level. The compressive strength of the coating layer was about three times the tensile strength.

COLMONOY No. 83 PTA

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Powder Metal ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Plasma Transferred Arc ◽  
Transferred Arc ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract COLMONOY No. 83 PTA is a nickel-base hard surfacing alloy containing tungsten carbide. The application method is plasma transferred arc and the application is designed to protect extrusion screws. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, tensile properties, and compressive strength. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as machining and powder metal forms. Filing Code: Ni-493. Producer or source: Wall Colmonoy Corporation.

ABK METAL

Alloy Digest ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Brake Shoe ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Chromium Cast Iron

Abstract ABK Metal is a nickel-chromium cast iron with excellent wear resistance, recommended for severe abrasive service. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive strength. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CI-4. Producer or source: American Brake Shoe Company.

COMPAX

Alloy Digest ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Toughness ◽  
Steel Corporation

Abstract COMPAX is a chromium-molybdenum shock-resistant tool steel characterized by high toughness, good wear resistance, good through hardening and good dimensional stability during hardening. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and compressive strength. It also includes information on heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: TS-488. Producer or source: Uddeholm Steel Corporation.

CIRCLE M

Alloy Digest ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Production ◽  
Red Hardness

Abstract CIRCLE M is a molybdenum-tungsten high-speed steel containing 9.0% cobalt. It is adapted to high production applications where increased speeds and heavy cuts necessitate unusual red-hardness and wear resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and compressive strength. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-10. Producer or source: Firth Sterling Corporation.

GRAPH-AIR

Alloy Digest ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company

Abstract GRAPH-AIR is an air hardening, non-deforming tool steel with outstanding wear resistance and toughness. it contain uniformly distributed graphic particles for good machinability and non-seizing characteristics. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, tensile properties, and compressive strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-75. Producer or source: Latrobe Steel Company. Originally published October 1958, revised April 1984, June 1991.

AISI TYPE M2

Alloy Digest ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Aisi Type

Abstract AISI TYPE M2 is a molybdenum-tungsten high-speed steel with a balanced analysis which produces properties applicable to all general-purpose high-speed uses. It has an excellent balance between toughness and wear resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and compressive strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-240. Producer or source: Tool steel mills.

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