scholarly journals ENERGY SAVING APPROACH TO CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCK INTO SORPTIVE MATERIALS

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
N.V. Sych ◽  
S.I. Trofymenko ◽  
M.M. Tsyba ◽  
V.M. Vikarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽  
Pore Size Distributions

High porous activated carbons were prepared by microwave-induced phosphoric acid activation of lignocellulosic raw material. It was established that the parameters of porous structure of carbons obtained are increased with increasing of treatment duration and reach maximum under 3–5 min staying. Maximum BET surface area achieved during the microwave treatment with energy load 120 Wt.min/(g.mL) is 1085 m2/g. Total pore volume reaches almost 0,7 cm3/g. Pore size distributions indicates that carbons consists of micropores (0.9–1.1 nm) and mesopores with size 4 nm. Obtained carbons have high adsorption capacity towards copper ions from aqueous solutions at pH £ 4. The results proved that this process is rapid, power-efficient and economic. Bibl. 10, Fig. 3, Tab. 1.

Wood-based activated carbons for supercapacitors with organic electrolyte

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Dobele ◽  
Aleksandrs Volperts ◽  
Galina Telysheva ◽  
Aivars Zhurinsh ◽  
Daria Vervikishko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Electrolyte ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Ohmic Losses

Abstract The thermocatalytical synthesis conditions required for the activation of wood charcoal with NaOH in terms of the formation of pores in its structure were investigated. The present study was conducted to explore the potential application of activated carbons as electrodes in supercapacitors with organic electrolyte. The total pore volume and micro- and mesopore ratio were controlled by the activation temperature and alkali addition rate. The working characteristics of carbon electrodes (e.g., specific capacity and ohmic losses) in supercapacitors are strongly influenced by the properties of the pores in their structures. Herein, the optimal ratio of raw material to activator and activation temperature are established: an increase in the ratio of NaOH to carbonizate rate by a factor of 2 and setting the synthesis temperature at 700°C positively influence the electrochemical characteristics of supercapacitors and provide them with specific capacities of up to 160 F g-1.

scholarly journals Characterization and comparison of walnut shells-based activated carbons and their adsorptive properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 450-463
Author(s):  
Xiya Li ◽  
Jieqiong Qiu ◽  
Yiqi Hu ◽  
Xiaoyuan Ren ◽  
Lu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Walnut Shells ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The production of low-cost biologically activated carbons (BACs) is urgent need of environmental protection and ecological sustainability. Hence, walnut shells were treated by traditional pyrolysis, direct KOH impregnation and combined activation composed of hydrothermal carbonization and two-step H3PO4- and pyrolysis-activation process to obtain porous carbon with high adsorption capacity. It was found that the best adsorption capacity for iodine and organic dye methylene blue (MB) can be obtained using the KOH impregnation at impregnation ratio of 1:1 or combined activation comprising of 2 h H3PO4 activation and 1 h pyrolysis activation at 1000°C. The produced KOH, H3PO4/pyrolysis activated BACs at the optimum conditions are superior to that of commercial ACs, 9.4 and 1.3 times for MB removal, 4 and 4.5 times for iodine number respectively. Characterization results demonstrated their porous structure with very good textural properties such as high BET surface area (1689.1 m2/g, 1545.3 m2/g) and high total pore volume (0.94 cm3/g, 0.96 cm3/g). The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm of H3PO4/pyrolysis activated hydrochar suggested the co-existence of micro and meso-pores. Moreover, they are more effective for the removal of Fe(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution than the commercial AC, suggesting a promising application in the field of water treatment.

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Reedy Grass Leaves by Chemical Activation with KOH

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhi Chen ◽  
Dong Xu Miao ◽  
Xiao Jie Feng ◽  
Jian Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Dta Analysis

Activated carbons (AC) were produced by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) at 800°C from chars that were carbonized from reedy grass leaves at 450°C in N2atmosphere. The effects of the weight ratio of KOH/char ( impregnation ratio), activation temperature and duration time were examined. Adsorption capacity was demonstrated with iodine number. BET surface area, pore volume and pore size of activated carbons were characterized by N2adsorption isotherms. The maximum surface area and iodine number of the AC was 1100 m2/g and 1080 mg/g produced at 800°C for2h and impregnation ratio is 4:1.The characteristics of activated carbons were determined by Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal gravimetry (TG/DTA) analysis of raw material was carried out.

scholarly journals Structure formation in binary systems hydrolysis lignin – oil product and thermochemical transformations of composites on their basis

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Reznikov ◽  
Tatyana A. Savitskaya ◽  
Dmitry D. Grinshpan
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
Diffusion Limited Aggregation ◽  
Industrial Oil

Rheological properties of hydrophobized hydrolysis lignin dispersions in tank oil, diesel fuel, and industrial oil were under study. It was found that at the hydrolysis lignin content of more than 20 wt. %, a coagulation-thixotropic structure with a pseudoplastic flow pattern is formed. The parameters of structure formation calculated within the theory of elastic flocks made it possible to characterize dispersions in diesel fuel as least structured. In accordance with the theory of diffusion-limited aggregation, a computer model of the aggregate of hydrolytic lignin particles in diesel fuel was calculated and its internal structure was established using the proposed method of computer analysis of digital photographs. Machine learning was used to predict the optimal conditions for the production of mesoporous activated carbons from hydrolysis lignin. Experimentally obtained carbons are characterized by total pore volume of (0.95 ± 0.05) cm3/g and BET surface area of (1700 ± 85) m2/g, that corresponds to the predicted parameters.

scholarly journals Carbonization Temperature Effect over Activated Carbon Porosity Derived from Industrial Processing Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1205-1209
Author(s):  
Hasan Sayğılı
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Industrial Processing

The influence of carbonization temperature (CT) on pore properties of the prepared activated carbon using lentil processing waste product (LWP) impregnated with potassium carbonate was studied. Activated carbons (ACs) were obtained by impregnation with 3:1 ratio (w/w) K2CO3/LWP under different carbonization temperatures at 600, 700, 800 and 900 oC for 1h. Activation at low temperature represented that micropores were developed first and then mesoporosity developed, enhanced up to 800 oC and then started to decrease due to possible shrinking of pores. The optimum temperature for LWP was found to be around 800 oC on the basis of total pore volume and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. The optimum LWPAC sample was found with a CT of 800 oC, which gives the highest BET surface area and pore volume of 1875 m2/g and 0.995 cm3/g, respectively.

Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Herbicide Using Bio-Based Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1435-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam ◽  
Sushil Adhikari ◽  
Hyungseok Nam ◽  
Vivek Patil
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Sorption Ability

HighlightsGlyphosate sorption using bio-based adsorbents was investigated in this study.Biochars showed poor sorption of glyphosate in comparison to the activated carbons.Total pore volume of bio-based adsorbents played a key role in sorption of glyphosate.Abstract. This study examined the glyphosate sorption ability of different bio-based materials, including biochars and activated carbons synthesized from Douglas fir, kraft lignin, and mixed wood pellets. All the biochars showed poor sorption of glyphosate in comparison to the activated carbons derived from biochars and the commercial powdered activated carbon (PAC) investigated in this study. All the biochar-derived activated carbons produced in the laboratory showed comparable glyphosate sorption in comparison to PAC. The activated carbons synthesized from Douglas fir biomass showed the highest glyphosate sorption among the activated carbons investigated. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to describe the adsorption kinetics of glyphosate onto activated carbons. Adsorption capacity showed better correlation (R2 = 0.989) with the total pore volume in comparison to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and microporosity. The results of batch desorption tests indicated that the biochar-derived activated carbons and PAC showed >60% glyphosate retention. The results of this study indicate that activated carbons derived from biochars produced with thermochemical conversion processes could effectively sorb herbicide such as glyphosate similarly to commercial activated carbon and could be used either as a replacement for PAC in water treatment plants or for on-site treatment of agricultural runoff water. Keywords: Adsorption, Desorption, Herbicides, Kraft lignin, Model isotherms, Pore volume.

Characterization of Rambutan Seed (Nephelium lappaceum) as Natural Adsorbent for Wastewater Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 408-411
Author(s):  
Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim ◽  
Siti Fatimah Zahra Mohd Sarif ◽  
Roshazita Che Amat ◽  
Shamshinar Salehuddin ◽  
Nur Liza Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Nephelium Lappaceum ◽  
Two Factors

Activated carbons were prepared from rambutan seed with impregnation of zinc chloride as dehydrating agent. In order to find its characteristics, different zinc chloride to rambutan seed ratio (0.5 and 2) and activation temperature (450 and 650 °C) was employed. The carbonization occurred in a tube furnace with flow of nitrogen gas at 0.5 L/min. The results showed that at higher impregnation ratio and carbonization temperature produced a wider BET surface area of activated carbon that was 9.8761 m2/g. Total pore volume also increased with increases of these two factors. However activation yield was decreased with increasing of carbonization temperature.

scholarly journals OBTAINING QUALITATIVE SORBENT FROM RICE WASTE AND OIL SLUDGE

Neft i gaz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3-4 (117-1118) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
N.O. APPAZOV¹, ◽  
◽  
B.M. BAZARBAYEV¹, ◽  
N.I. AKYLBEKOV¹*, ◽  
R.U. ZHAPPARBERGENOV¹, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Adsorption Activity

Co-thermolysis of rice husk and straw with oil sludge was carried out in order to obtain a widely used adsorbent – activated carbon. Carbonization was carried out in a tubular furnace made of stainless steel at a temperature of 500°C and the activation of carbonization was carried out with water vapor at a temperature of 800°C. The influence of the ratio of the initial components of the raw material (husk / straw:oil sludge) on the properties of the product was studied. The ЭКОЛОГИЯ 172 НЕФТЬ И ГАЗ 2020. 3–4 (117–118) optimal ratio for co-thermolysis of the husk: oil sludge is 9:1 (by weight), respectively. The optimal condition for the production of activated carbon by co-thermolysis of rice straw and oil sludge is a carbonization temperature of 500°C with a duration of 100 min, activation of the carbonizate at a temperature of 850°C and with a ratio of water:carbonizate = 2:1. Indices such as iodine adsorption activity, total pore volume in water, mass fraction of moisture, and bulk density were studied. The microstructures of the obtained activated carbons were studied on a scanning scanning electron microscope. Activated carbon obtained by the joint processing of rice husk and oil sludge in a ratio of 9:1 corresponds to activated carbon brand DAK. The resulting product based on rice straw and oil sludge corresponds to the activated carbons BAU-MF, BAU-A and BAU-Ats.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED BIOCHAR OF CÁSSIA FISTULA L. LEAVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Fabíola Tomassoni ◽  
Elisângela E. Schneider ◽  
Cristiane L. Giroletti ◽  
Maria Eliza Nagel-Hassemer ◽  
Maria Angeles Lobo Recio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Activated Biochar ◽  
Negative Surface

A new activated biochar was produced by carbonizing Cássia fistula L. leaves and its characterization was performed. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) images of the activated biochar showed morphology with numerous irregular cavities and pores. BET surface area and total pore volume of produced adsorbent were 192 m².g-1 and 0.108 cm3.g-1, respectively. Mean porous diameter of the produced biochar was 2.263 nm, characterizing a mesoporous material. Crystallinity and functional groups of the adsorbent were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses, respectively. The pH of zero charge point (pHzcp) observed was equal to 10, demonstrating that the activated biochar has a negative surface, which facilitates the adsorption of positively charged compounds in water and wastewater treatment. Tree leaves of Cássia fistula L. represent a promising raw material for activated biochar production, given their availability and characteristics of the adsorbent produced. The use of tree leaves for activated biochar production can reduce the operational costs of adsorption process, besides providing the use of a residue for a more noble purpose. 

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of bio-based activated carbon from fish scales

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 614-621
Author(s):  
Qingsong Ji ◽  
Haichao Li ◽  
Jingjing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature

The object of this study was to prepare activated carbons containing nitrogenous functional groups by a chemical method from nitrogen-containing raw materials. Fish (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) scales were impregnated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and activated at varied temperatures. The adsorption ability, structural characteristics, surface chemistry, and morphology of the activated carbons were characterized by methylene blue and iodine values, nitrogen adsorption, the Boehm method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The total alkaline groups content of the activated carbon produced from fish scales was 0.4330 mmol/g, the total acidic groups was 1.68 mmol/g, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area was 501 cm2/g, and the total pore volume was 0.284 cm3/g. The average pore diameter was 1.94 nm under an activation temperature of 550 °C, an activation time of 1 h, and an impregnation ratio of 2. As a result of this study, nitrogenous functional groups that contained acid-base amphoteric adsorbent were produced.

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