scholarly journals Tradycja rękopiśmienna Kroniki dwudziestu czterech generałów Zakonu Braci Mniejszych na ziemiach polskich – nowe rękopisy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 185-210
Author(s):  
Paulina Pludra-Żuk
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
National Library ◽  
Textual Tradition ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
Northern Group ◽  
State Of Research

The article presents the state of research on the Franciscan Chronicle of the Twenty-Four Generals, composed during the second half of the fourteenth century by the Minister General of Aquitaine Arnald of Sarrano. The author pays particular attention the textual tradition, supplementing the information concerning the sixteen medieval copies of the chronicle hitherto discussed in the historical literature, with the presentation of further two manuscripts, both of which are of Polish provenance. These manuscripts, preserved at the Polish National Library in Warsaw (call nos.: BOZ 1114 and BN 8084), came into being towards the end of the fifteenth century, respectively in the Observantist monasteries of Koło and Sambor. A complete codicological description is furnished with analyses of text variations, which demonstrate that both the copies in question belong to the so called „northern” group, composed chiefly of manuscripts from Halle, Lviv, Vienna, and the copy preserved in the Bibliothèque Municipale in Strasbourg, but executed in Cracow. The presented evidence also demonstrates that the chronicle was popular among the Observantists, who in Poland were known as the Bernardines.

scholarly journals Construction of the Irkutsk-Baikal section of the trans-Baikal railway: state of research

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 00037
Author(s):  
Valery V. Tretyakov ◽  
Yuri A. Petrushin ◽  
Anastasia V. Nekludova ◽  
Elena A. Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Railway Construction ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
Transportation Service ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Construction ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Available Information

The article considers the problems of railway construction in Russia in the 19th and early 20th centuries and finds out the available information on one of the fragments of this grandiose construction in the historical literature. Attention is focused on the construction history of one of the important sections of the Trans-Siberian railway – the Irkutsk-Baikal branch railway, which became the foundation of the Circumbaikal railway. This part of the Great Siberian Railway proved to be a very technically complex construction facility and required significant investments from the state. However, it was not easy to approach to its construction. Its creation was preceded by the work of numerous research teams, selfless labour of designers, engineers, technicians and workers. Thanks to their efforts, our country ultimately managed to establish a continuous rail transportation service and unite the western and eastern parts of Russia, which made it possible to maintain the country’s defense capability during the sudden outbreak of the Russian-Japanese War of 1904–1905. The authors specify the main problems that arise when studying the history of the construction and operation of the Irkutsk-Baikal line. They define the range of sources put into circulation by researchers of the designing and construction processes of this road. It is emphasized that the largest number of sources relate to the creation of the line, while the sources which deeply reflect the line operation are few and fragmented.

The terms "Uzbek" and "Uzbekistan" are used in written sources

Infolib ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Shamsiddin Kamoliddin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Written Sources

The article discusses the use of the term “Uzbek” and the toponym “Uzbekistan” in medieval written sources. The name Uzbek is first encountered in the sources of the 12th century; this name was borne by some of the Turkic rulers of the Near and Middle East. The origin of the toponym Uzbekistan is associated with the name of the ruler of the Golden Horde, Uzbekkhan. In the fourteenth century. the name of Uzbekistan was understood as the Golden Horde. In the fifteenth century. after the collapse of the Golden Horde into several khanates, the name Uzbekistan was attached to the Uzbek Ulus, i.e. the state of nomadic Uzbeks, formed in the eastern part of the Golden Horde. From the beginning. XVI century the toponym Uzbekistan began to be applied to the whole of Central Asia, on the territory of which the state of the Shaybanids was formed. This name was used as a synonym for the place names Turan and Turkestan up to 1865, when Central Asia was conquered by the Russian Empire. Based on these data, we have every reason to believe that the toponym Uzbekistan, used for 365 years (from the beginning of the 16th century to 1965) in relation to the whole of Central Asia, was one of the historical names of the region.

Studies of Islam, Economics, and Governance

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-70
Author(s):  
Florence Eid
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ford Foundation ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Islamic Values

IntroductionThis paper is a report on the state of research in two areas of Islamicstudies: Islam and economics and Islam and governance. I researched andwrote it as part of my internship at the Ford Foundation during the summerof 1992. On Discourse. The study of Islam in the United States has moved far beyondthe traditional historical and philological methods. This is perhapsbest explained by the development of analytically rigorous social sciencemethods that have contributed to a better balance between the humanisticconcerns of the more traditional approaches and efforts at systematizingthe study of Islam and classifying it across boundaries of communities,religions, even epochs. This is said to have s t a d with the developmentof irenic attitudes towards Islam, which changed the direction of westemorientalist writings from indifference (at best) and often open hostility toand contempt of Islamic values (however they were understood) to phenomenologicalworks by scholars who saw the study of Islam as somethingto be taken seriously and for its own sake, which is best exemplifiedby Clifford Geertz's Islam Observed.The work of Edward Said contested this evolution, and the publicationof his Orientalism has been described as "a stick of dynamite"' that,despite its impact in mobilizing a reevaluation of the field, was unwarrantedin its pessimism. In any case, the field has continued to evolve,with the most powerful force moving it being the subject itself. Thephenomenological/orientalist approach, if we can point to one today, ...

Anthology of texts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven N. Dworkin
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Don Juan ◽  
Alfonso X ◽  
Conde Lucanor ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
General Estoria

This short anthology contains extracts from three Castilian prose texts, one from the second half of the thirteenth century (General estoria IV of Alfonso X the Wise), one from the first half of the fourteenth century (El conde Lucanor of don Juan Manuel), and one from near the mid-point of the fifteenth century (Atalaya de las corónicas of Alfonso Martínez de Toledo, Arcipreste de Talavera). These passages illustrate in context many of the phonological, orthographic, morphological, syntactic, and lexical features of medieval Hispano-Romance described in the body of this book. A linguistic commentary discussing relevant forms and constructions, as well as the meaning of lexical items no longer used or employed with different meanings in modern Spanish, with cross references to the appropriate sections in the five main chapters, accompanies each selection.

scholarly journals The Czech Nobility's Use of the Right of Patronage on Behalf of the Hussite Reform Movement

Slavic Review ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
European History ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Southern France ◽  
The Right ◽  
Instrumental Role

Throughout European history the aristocracy has been involved in reform movements which undermined either ecclesiastical or monarchical power structures. Thus the nobles of southern France in the twelfth century granted protection to the Cathars, and in fourteenth-century England lords and knights offered aid to the Lollards. The support of German princes and knights for Lutheranism is well known, as is the instrumental role played by the French aristocracy in initiating the constitutional reforms which gave birth to that nation's eighteenth-century revolution. The fifteenth-century Hussite reform movement in Bohemia similarly received aid from the noble class. Here, when the Hussites were under attack in 1417 from the authorities, especially the archbishop, sympathetic lords protected Hussite priests on their domains.

The state of research

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth van Houts
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Of Research
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