scholarly journals Construction of the Irkutsk-Baikal section of the trans-Baikal railway: state of research

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 00037
Author(s):  
Valery V. Tretyakov ◽  
Yuri A. Petrushin ◽  
Anastasia V. Nekludova ◽  
Elena A. Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Railway Construction ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
Transportation Service ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Construction ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Available Information

The article considers the problems of railway construction in Russia in the 19th and early 20th centuries and finds out the available information on one of the fragments of this grandiose construction in the historical literature. Attention is focused on the construction history of one of the important sections of the Trans-Siberian railway – the Irkutsk-Baikal branch railway, which became the foundation of the Circumbaikal railway. This part of the Great Siberian Railway proved to be a very technically complex construction facility and required significant investments from the state. However, it was not easy to approach to its construction. Its creation was preceded by the work of numerous research teams, selfless labour of designers, engineers, technicians and workers. Thanks to their efforts, our country ultimately managed to establish a continuous rail transportation service and unite the western and eastern parts of Russia, which made it possible to maintain the country’s defense capability during the sudden outbreak of the Russian-Japanese War of 1904–1905. The authors specify the main problems that arise when studying the history of the construction and operation of the Irkutsk-Baikal line. They define the range of sources put into circulation by researchers of the designing and construction processes of this road. It is emphasized that the largest number of sources relate to the creation of the line, while the sources which deeply reflect the line operation are few and fragmented.

scholarly journals Polish Dialectal Phrasematics – the State of Research (for the Five-year Period 2015–2020), Methods and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-241
Author(s):  
Maciej Rak
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
The Third ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
North And South

The article has three goals. The first is to present the history of research on Polish dialectal phrasematics. In particular, attention was paid to the last five years, i.e. the period 2015–2020. The works in question were ordered according to the dialectological key, taking into account the following dialects: Greater Polish, Masovian, Silesian, Lesser Polish, and the North and South-Eastern dialects. The second goal is to indicate the methodologies that have so far been used to describe dialectal phrasematics. Initially, component analysis was used, which was part of the structuralist research trend, later (more or less from the late 1980s) the ethnolinguistic approach, especially the description of the linguistic picture of the world, began to dominate. The third goal of the article is to provide perspectives. The author once again (as he did it in his earlier works) postulates the preparation of a dictionary of Polish dialectal phrasematics.

The Desert Fayum in the twenty-first century

Antiquity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (361) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Simon Holdaway ◽  
Rebecca Phillipps ◽  
Joshua Emmitt ◽  
Veerle Linseele ◽  
Willeke Wendrich
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Agricultural Origins ◽  
North Shore ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Academic Debate

From 1924–1928, Gertrude Caton-Thompson and Elinor Gardner surveyed and excavated Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic sites across the Fayum north shore in Egypt, publishing a volume entitled The Desert Fayum (1934). Since then, a number of researchers have worked in the Fayum (e.g. Wendorf & Schild 1976; Hassan 1986; Wenke et al. 1988; Kozłowski & Ginter 1989), and most recently the UCLA/RUG/UOA Fayum Project. The long history of research in the area means that the Fayum is a testament to changing archaeological approaches, particularly regarding the Neolithic. Caton-Thompson and Gardner's study is recognised as one of the most progressive works on Egyptian prehistory, and their research provided the foundation for many subsequent studies in the region (e.g. Wendrich & Cappers 2005; Holdaway et al. 2010, 2016; Shirai 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016a; Emmitt 2011; Emmitt et al. 2017; Holdaway & Wendrich 2017). A recent article in Antiquity, however, uses Caton-Thompson and Gardner's preliminary interpretations of their excavations at a stratified deposit in the Fayum, Kom W, to generate a series of speculative statements concerning agricultural origins in the region (Shirai 2016b). The majority of these statements are very similar to conclusions initially made by Caton-Thompson and Gardner in the first half of the twentieth century, and new data and theory needed to reassess earlier conclusions are not considered. Recently published studies concerning the Fayum north shore and adjacent regions provide a different view of the state of research in this region and the Egyptian Neolithic in general. Here we acquaint Antiquity readers with current archaeological approaches to the Fayum north shore Neolithic, with the intent of stimulating academic debate.

scholarly journals ABOUT THE STATE SOIL MAP OF KAMCHATKA AT 1: 1 000 000 SCALE

2014 ◽  
pp. 63-84
Author(s):  
N. I. Belousova ◽  
S. F. Khokhlov
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
Paper Version ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Available Information

A semi-centennial history of compiling the State soil map of Kamchatka is described; the reasons for its correcting and partial alterating are shown including new data about soils and regularities in the soil  development in this peninsula, particular ashes distribution in the region, available satellite imagery of  high resolution. The map was compiled in traditional paper version by using multizonal aerospace Landsat  images, geological maps at 1:1 000 000 and 1: 5 000 000 scales, a hypsometric map at 1: 1 000 000 scale,  the published materials about soils, the vegetation cover and the soil-ash mantle. In general, Kamchatka and its separate regions have been so far examined insufficiently and the compilation of the State soil map assumes an expert character being based upon the comprehensive analysis of different available information on soils. As an example the swampy West-Kamchatka (Pre-Okhotsk) lowland is considered. A list of soils demonstrating on this map is given to show 26 soils, 4 grades according to the particle-size distribution and 2 grades according to the lithologic-mineralogical composition of compacted soil-forming rocks and their genesis.

Weiterführende Fragen zur Erforschung der preußischen Reformationsgeschichte

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
Janusz Małłek
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Church Discipline ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Western Influences ◽  
Confessional Identity ◽  
State Of Research

ABSTRACT In this article, the author characterizes the state of research on the history of the Reformation in ducal and in royal Prussia and formulates research questions for the future. He takes up the organization of the “new” church; the pastorate and elders; church discipline; the culture of confession; the Polish and Prussian Reformations; and confessional identity and confessionalization. He expresses reservations concerning the view that domestic Prussian theology was dominant and points to western influences. He studies the causes for the loose ties between Protestants in both parts of Prussia and the Polish crown despite their common interests.

scholarly journals Tradycja rękopiśmienna Kroniki dwudziestu czterech generałów Zakonu Braci Mniejszych na ziemiach polskich – nowe rękopisy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 185-210
Author(s):  
Paulina Pludra-Żuk
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
National Library ◽  
Textual Tradition ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
Northern Group ◽  
State Of Research

The article presents the state of research on the Franciscan Chronicle of the Twenty-Four Generals, composed during the second half of the fourteenth century by the Minister General of Aquitaine Arnald of Sarrano. The author pays particular attention the textual tradition, supplementing the information concerning the sixteen medieval copies of the chronicle hitherto discussed in the historical literature, with the presentation of further two manuscripts, both of which are of Polish provenance. These manuscripts, preserved at the Polish National Library in Warsaw (call nos.: BOZ 1114 and BN 8084), came into being towards the end of the fifteenth century, respectively in the Observantist monasteries of Koło and Sambor. A complete codicological description is furnished with analyses of text variations, which demonstrate that both the copies in question belong to the so called „northern” group, composed chiefly of manuscripts from Halle, Lviv, Vienna, and the copy preserved in the Bibliothèque Municipale in Strasbourg, but executed in Cracow. The presented evidence also demonstrates that the chronicle was popular among the Observantists, who in Poland were known as the Bernardines.

Participation of the Battalions of the 11th Marching Regiment in the Battles for the Control of the Fortified Positions in the Area of the Town of Machin in January 1917

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-370
Author(s):  
Manush Hristov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
The State ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Good Basis ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Town

The study is devoted to little-known facts related to the participation and contribution of the troops of the 11th Marching Regiment to the victory achieved in the battles for control of the heavily fortified area in the Machin. The data presented come to fill the gap in the researches regarding the participation of the marching formations and in particular of the 11th Marching Regiment in the battles as part of the 3rd Army. The presented information helps to clarify and supplement the general picture of the events on the front, by revealing specific details of the course of the hostilities, which so far have not fallen within the scope of attention of the scientific community. Also, a good basis is created for the formation of reasonable conclusions about the significance of the achieved victory. Archival materials have been put into circulation, which reveal new facts about the battles in the Dobrudzha region. The presented brief information about the marching regiments and the combat history of the regiment helps to clarify the nature and purpose of these units, taking into account the fact that the available information about them is more than modest and insufficient. The presented data are entirely based on materials from the State Military Historical Archives – Veliko Tarnovo.

FROM THE HISTORY OF COMMERCIAL RELATIONS IN THE STATE OF AMIR TEMUR AND THE CHINESE (MIN) EMPIRE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Sardor N. Kenzhaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The State ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trade Route

This article discusses trade relations with China during the reign of Amir Temur, a blow to the northern trade route bypassing the people of the Chigatay ulus and the wider participation of southern cities in world trade and economic relations between the state of Amir Temur and the Chinese (Minsk) dynasty, relations were carried out in mainly through East Turkestan, the trade routes passing through this region and the characteristics of the roads were analyzed. Also, a comparative analysis of historical literature data highlights the main trade products related to the value of silk, tea, porcelain in the state of Amir Temur's horses in China

Researching and Writing about Poverty in Slovakia

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kusá
Keyword(s):  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The State ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Orientation ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research

The paper gives some insights into the state of research and public debate abot poverty in Slovakia. It suggests that the idea of personal responsibility and the diminution of the state, and the practical need to rduce the public expenditures frame the public debate and the research orientation substantially, and that there is the tendency both of the poor families and politicians to avoid the discussion about everyday livelihood troubles of those living on social support. The author introduces some findings of the family history research History of Poverty in Slovakia that was the part of the international project designed and co-ordinated by Julia Szalai to present survival strategies of poor households and discusses the outcomes of their tendency to veil their poverty and include themselves by trying to pretend major consumption standards.

History of Photography: The State of Research

2001 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Nickel
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research

A Reappraisal of the Sources of Inca History: The Works of Ake Wedin

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Magnus Mörner
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
American History ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Latin American History ◽  
Inca Empire ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Thick Layers

A. Wedin’s Works in General Although the history of the Inca empire has received more attention from scholars and laymen than almost any other aspect of Latin American history, the state of research is far from satisfactory. The writings of generations of students of Inca history have deposited thick layers of myths. It is urgently required that these layers be removed before any serious historical reconstruction can be undertaken. However, the task is risky. Perhaps only quagmire is to be found beneath.

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