Persistent throat symptoms should not be treated with pills that reduce stomach acid

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Acid

Synthesis, Characterization and in-vitro drug release studies of a macromolecular prodrug of Didanosine.

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Agrawal ◽  
M.J. Chandrasekar ◽  
U.V. Sara ◽  
Rohini A.
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Level ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Alkaline Environment ◽  
Stomach Acid ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Macromolecular Prodrug

A macromolecular prodrug of didanosine (ddI) for oral administration was synthesized and evaluated for in-vitro drug release profile. Didanosine was first coupled to 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) through a succinic spacer to form HEMA-Suc-ddI monomeric conjugate which was subsequently polymerized to yield Poly(HEMA-Suc-ddI) conjugate. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, Mass and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The prodrug was subjected for in-vitro drug release studies in buffers of pH 1.2 and 7.4 mimicking the upper and lower GIT. The results showed that the drug release from the polymeric backbone takes place in a sustained manner over a period of 24 h and the amount of drug released was comparatively higher at pH 7.4 indicating that the drug release takes place predominantly at the alkaline environment of the lower GIT rather than at the acidic environment of the upper GIT. This pH dependent sustained drug release behavior of the prodrug may be capable of reducing the dose limiting toxicities by maintaining the plasma drug level within the therapeutic range and increasing t1/2 of ddI. Moreover, the bioavailability of the drug should be improved as the prodrug releases ddI predominantly in the alkaline environment which will reduce the degradation of ddI in the stomach acid.

Role of stomach acid in gastric cancer

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Clare Sansom
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Stomach Acid

scholarly journals Does the possession of virulence factor genes mean that those genes will be active?

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S19-S28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Edberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Stomach Acid ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Virulence Factor Genes

There are a number of relationships the host can establish with the microbes we ingest. For the vast majority of microbes, they have a short-lived liaison with the human host. Either they are destroyed by the stomach acid or bile, or can not establish even a temporary residency in the gastrointestinal tract. Early in life the mucosal surfaces of the body establishes a resident, and generally stable, normal flora. These normal flora microbes, the majority of which are bacteria, have specific receptors for specific areas of the alimentary tract. If the foreign microbe can establish residency, it then may transiently or permanently become part of the normal flora. However, in order to produce disease, it must possess an additional set of virulence factors. While some of these are known, many are not. Those that are known include enzymes, such as protease, lipase, and esterase. Accordingly, VFAR may not be associated with human disease and its presence or absence has no public health meaning.

scholarly journals Kajian Kajian Subtitusi Pati Garut (Maranta arundinacea) Alami Dan Termodifikasi Pada Karakteristik Roti Manis Dengan Penambahan Tepung Kacang Merah

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Aldi Riyansah ◽  
Desiana Nuriza Putri ◽  
Damat Damat
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Stomach Acid ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Red Bean

The current pattern of public consumption leads to practical food products in the presentation, such as noodles, bread, and other snacks. This consumption pattern has resulted in increased demand for starch-based foodstuffs. The use of wheat flour that makes Indonesia continues to increase the percentage of imported food every year. The use of natural and modified starch is functioning as a substitute for wheat flour. The starch has a resistant starch. Resistant starch is a starch that can not be digested by digestive enzymes and resistant to stomach acid so it can reach the large intestine to be fermented by probiotic bacteria. This study aims to determine the effect of substitution of natural and modified starch by adding red bean flour to the physical-chemical characteristics of sweet bread. The research was conducted by using Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) two factors. The factor I is the composition of wheat flour and garut starch with 6 levels of natural garut starch 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%: 30% and modified starch 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%: 30%. Factor II is the added red kidney bean flour with 2 levels is 5% and 10%. The parameters of this research are texture, pore uniformity, proximate analysis, and organoleptic test.

Medical Consequences of Purging

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Pamela K. Keel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Severe Loss ◽  
Stomach Acid ◽  
Insulin Dependent

For anyone purging in pursuit of a “healthy” weight, the medical complications of purging eliminate the notion that this could make anyone healthier. All purging methods cause severe loss of bodily fluid because water is the primary component of matter expelled from the body. Dehydration contributes to low blood pressure, slow and irregular heartbeat, and kidney problems. Purging also contributes to electrolyte imbalances, which negatively impact heart and kidney function and can trigger seizures, muscle weakness, and breakdown of muscle tissue. Stomach acid from vomit causes sores in the mouth and erodes teeth. Laxative misuse can trigger uncontrollable diarrhea and constipation. In insulin-dependent diabetics, reducing or omitting insulin increases blood sugar concentrations, which can lead to blindness, kidney failure, nerve damage, cardiovascular disease, amputation, coma, and death. Individuals who purge should seek medical care, and physicians should follow published guidelines for evaluating medical status.

scholarly journals Drosophila β Spectrin Functions Independently of α Spectrin to Polarize the Na,k Atpase in Epithelial Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald R. Dubreuil ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Steve Dahl ◽  
John Lee ◽  
Lawrence S.B. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Membrane Domains ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Sorting Machine ◽  
Assembly Pathway ◽  
Stomach Acid ◽  
And Function ◽  
Early Larval Development ◽  
Striking Effect

Spectrin has been proposed to function as a sorting machine that concentrates interacting proteins such as the Na,K ATPase within specialized plasma membrane domains of polarized cells. However, little direct evidence to support this model has been obtained. Here we used a genetic approach to directly test the requirement for the β subunit of the αβ spectrin molecule in morphogenesis and function of epithelial cells in Drosophila. β Spectrin mutations were lethal during late embryonic/early larval development and they produced subtle defects in midgut morphology and stomach acid secretion. The polarized distributions of αβH spectrin and ankyrin were not significantly altered in β spectrin mutants, indicating that the two isoforms of Drosophila spectrin assemble independently of one another, and that ankyrin is upstream of αβ spectrin in the spectrin assembly pathway. In contrast, β spectrin mutations had a striking effect on the basolateral accumulation of the Na,K ATPase. The results establish a role for β spectrin in determining the subcellular distribution of the Na,K ATPase and, unexpectedly, this role is independent of α spectrin.

Design of Stomach Acid-Stable and Mucin-Binding Enzyme Polymer Conjugates

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 576-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad S. Cummings ◽  
Alan S. Campbell ◽  
Stefanie L. Baker ◽  
Sheiliza Carmali ◽  
Hironobu Murata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Conjugates ◽  
Stomach Acid ◽  
Acid Stable

scholarly journals Influence of Gastric Acid on Susceptibility to Infection with Ingested Bacterial Pathogens

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Tennant ◽  
Elizabeth L. Hartland ◽  
Tongted Phumoonna ◽  
Dena Lyras ◽  
Julian I. Rood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Stomach Acid ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Intraperitoneal Infection ◽  
Resistance To Infection

ABSTRACT Despite the widely held belief that gastric acid serves as a barrier to bacterial pathogens, there are almost no experimental data to support this hypothesis. We have developed a mouse model to quantify the effectiveness of gastric acid in mediating resistance to infection with ingested bacteria. Mice that were constitutively hypochlorhydric due to a mutation in a gastric H+/K+-ATPase (proton pump) gene were infected with Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Citrobacter rodentium, or Clostridium perfringens cells or spores. Significantly greater numbers of Yersinia, Salmonella, and Citrobacter cells (P ≤ 0.006) and Clostridium spores (P = 0.02) survived in hypochlorhydric mice, resulting in reduced median infectious doses. Experiments involving intraperitoneal infection or infection of mice treated with antacids indicated that the increased sensitivity of hypochlorhydric mice to infection was entirely due to the absence of stomach acid. Apart from establishing the role of gastric acid in nonspecific immunity to ingested bacterial pathogens, our model provides an excellent system with which to investigate the effects of hypochlorhydria on susceptibility to infection and to evaluate the in vivo susceptibility to gastric acid of orally administered therapies, such as vaccines and probiotics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document