scholarly journals Evaluation of Automated Enforcement Program in Amman

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Naghawi ◽  
Bushra Al Qatawneh ◽  
Rabab Al Louzi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Crash Frequency ◽  
Red Light Running ◽  
Red Light Cameras ◽  
Percent Confidence Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traffic Violations

This study aims, in a first attempt, to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Automated Enforcement Program (AEP) to improve traffic safety in Amman, Jordan. The evaluation of the program on crashes and violations was examined based on a “before-and-after” study using the paired t-test at 95 percent confidence level. Twenty one locations including signalized intersections monitored by red light cameras and arterial roads monitored by excessive speed cameras were selected. Nine locations were used to study the effectiveness of the program on violations, and twelve locations were used to determine the effectiveness of the program on frequency and severity of crashes. Data on number and severity of crashes were taken from Jordan Traffic Institution. Among the general findings, it was found that the AEP was generally associated with positive impact on crashes. Crash frequency was significantly reduced by up to 63%. Crash severities were reduced by up to 62.5%. Also, traffic violations were significantly reduced by up to 66%.  Finally, drivers’ opinion and attitude on the program was also analyzed using a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire survey revealed that 35.5% of drivers are unaware of AEP in Amman, 63.9% of drivers don’t know the camera locations, most drivers knew about excessive speed and red light running penalties, most drivers reduce their speed at camera locations, 44.4% of drivers think that the program satisfies its objective in improving traffic safety and 52% of drivers encourage increasing the number of camera devices in Amman.

Using Focus Groups to Investigate Issues of Red Light Running

2000 ◽  
Vol 1734 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne M. Wissinger ◽  
Joseph E. Hummer ◽  
Joseph S. Milazzo
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Red Light ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red Light Running ◽  
Grace Period ◽  
The Public ◽  
Red Light Cameras

Red light running (RLR) has been an important issue among transportation officials seeking to make intersections safer for drivers and pedestrians. Many cities in the United States have started programs aimed at reducing the number of red light violations, and many of these programs include the use of automated enforcement utilizing a camera to record violations. Previous research on such enforcement has quantified the rate of its public acceptance through surveys; however, little research has been performed probing the reactions and concerns of the public toward red light cameras. For this study, focus groups were used to investigate the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of the public toward RLR and red light cameras. Fifteen focus groups were held throughout North Carolina with representatives from organizations interested in and knowledgeable about traffic safety, traffic engineering, and traffic law enforcement, as well as with people not professionally involved in law enforcement or traffic engineering. Some of the focus group discussions involved such issues as determining an appropriate RLR grace period, developing an educational campaign, addressing financial issues, and determining appropriate penalties for RLR violations. Participants voiced their opinions on both sides of the issues; for instance, many participants said they strongly believed there should be some sort of grace period with automated enforcement, whereas others said they felt a zero-tolerance policy should be used. Also, many participants voiced their unequivocal support for automated enforcement, whereas others expressed concerns.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Public Technology-Based Traffic Enforcement Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11966
Author(s):  
Gila Albert ◽  
Dimitry Bukchin ◽  
Tomer Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Traffic Enforcement ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Red Light Running ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Police Enforcement ◽  
Simple Technology

While police enforcement is a well-known means of reducing traffic violations, it is also recognized that other agents should be involved in creating sustainable deterrence. This paper describes and evaluates the Israeli Road Guards program, a new and unique type of traffic enforcement, which enables simple technology-based enforcement of traffic violations by citizens. In its 24 months of operation, more than 3400 volunteers who submitted over 64,000 violation reports were involved in this program. Each report went through a rigorous evaluation process. More than 80% of the submitted reports were rejected in the various stages of the procedure. In 13.7% of the cases a notice letter was sent, and in 4.3% of cases (reflecting the most severe offenses) a citation was issued by the police. The monthly rate of report submission by the volunteers was at its highest initially, then decreased and stabilized after about six months at 1.4 reports per month. The proportion of active volunteers also decreased over time to a level of 0.26 at the end of the study period. The violation types reported within the program differed substantially from those captured by police enforcement. These differences are likely due to the manner in which each mode of enforcement was performed. The most common violations reported by volunteers were lane deviations, red light running and driving on the roads’ shoulders, which are easily documented by means of video recordings. They are also associated with higher crash risks. Thus, the results show that such public technology-based traffic enforcement, which can be carried out during regular daily driving and does not require anyone to make extra trips, may efficiently complement traditional police enforcement.

scholarly journals Comparison of Red-Light Running (RLR) and Yellow-Light Running (YLR) traffic violations in the cities of Enna and Thessaloniki

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Campisi ◽  
Giovanni Tesoriere ◽  
Antonino Canale ◽  
Socrates Basbas ◽  
Panagiotis Vaitsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Yellow Light ◽  
Red Light Running ◽  
Traffic Violations

scholarly journals Investigating Different Types of Red-Light Running Behaviors among Urban e-Bike Rider Mixed Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Chenchen Kuai ◽  
Huitao Lv ◽  
Wenhao Li
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Red Light Running

The red-light running (RLR) behaviors of urban mixed e-bike groups (delivery and ordinary e-bike) have become the main cause of traffic accidents at signalized intersections. The primary purpose of this study is to identify influencing factors of e-bike riders’ RLR behaviors, focusing on the role of delivery e-bike riders in mixed e-bike rider groups. Crossing behaviors of 4,180 e-bike samples (2006 delivery e-bikes and 2174 ordinary e-bikes) at signalized intersections are observed in Xi’an, China. The random parameter multinomial logit model is employed to capture the unobserved heterogeneous effects, and the effects of interaction terms are also considered. The results indicate that delivery e-bike riders are more likely to run red lights than ordinary e-bike riders. E-bike type, riders’ age, waiting position, traffic volume, traffic light type, and time of day are associated with crossing behaviors in urban mixed e-bike groups. In addition, the variable of traffic light status is found to account for unobserved heterogeneity. Findings are indicative to the development of effective implications in improving e-bikes’ traffic safety level at signalized intersections.

Effectiveness of Automated Speed-Monitoring Cameras in Kuwait

1997 ◽  
Vol 1595 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Ali ◽  
O. Al-Saleh ◽  
P. A. Koushki
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Driver Education ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
The Difference

In 1994 the General Traffic Department installed automatic radar cameras to monitor traffic speed at a number of strategic roadway locations in Kuwait. The aim was to lower the number of high-speed violations and thus reduce road accidents. Recent traffic safety records point to an increase in both the number of violations and the occurrence of road accidents. It is argued in this paper that without live enforcement support and active follow-up of camera-recorded violations, the effectiveness of these cameras in improving road safety is insignificant at best, particularly in the undisciplined driving environment of the oil-rich nations in the Middle East. The speed of traffic was simultaneously measured via radar instruments both at the automatic camera site and at sections approximately 1 km before or after or before and after the cameras at eight camera locations. Measurements were recorded for six 1/2-hr periods at each site for a total of 72 hr over a period of 3 months, so that morning, afternoon, and after-dark hours, as well as different days of the week and roadway types, were covered. Analysis of the speed data showed that for the three daily periods and various roadway types, traffic speeds were consistently higher in sections before or after or before and after the automatic camera at the camera site. Statistical tests indicated that the difference in speed measured at and away from the cameras was at the 99 percent level. The findings demonstrate that in a traffic environment characterized by poor driving behavior, inconsistent and piecemeal driver education programs, and insufficient presence of law enforcement officials, reliance on automatic cameras alone to reduce traffic violations is doomed to fail.

Change and Clearance Interval Design on Red-Light Running and Late Exits

2003 ◽  
Vol 1856 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerrie L. Schattler ◽  
Tapan K. Datta ◽  
Colleen L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
The United States ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Red Light Running ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Oakland County ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clearance Interval ◽  
Before And After Study

Red-light violations (RLV) have been an ongoing concern to many engineering professionals, because a large portion of crashes that occur at signalized intersections involve red-light running and such crashes often result in injuries and fatalities. It has been estimated that in the United States, about 260,000 traffic crashes occur per year that involve drivers who run red lights, of which 750 are fatal. A before-and-after evaluation of the impacts in terms of RLV and late exits at signalized intersections was performed with a change and clearance interval calculated according to ITE guidelines. The study included three signalized intersections located in Oakland County, Michigan. RLV data were collected with video cameras at intersection approaches before and after implementation of the change, and clearance intervals were calculated according to ITE guidelines. The results of the before-and-after study on RLV indicated mixed results. At one of the study intersections, the RLV rates were reduced after the modified change and clearance intervals were installed. However, at the other two study locations, no significant differences were found in RLV rates in the before and after periods. The rates of late exits significantly decreased after installation of the test change and clearance intervals at all three study intersections. Therefore, the effects of implemented all-red clearance intervals were effective in reducing the opportunity and risk of late-exiting vehicles being exposed to oncoming traffic at the three study intersections.

scholarly journals Crossing at a Red Light: Behavior of Cyclists at Urban Intersections

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobao Yang ◽  
Mei Huan ◽  
Bingfeng Si ◽  
Liang Gao ◽  
Hongwei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Red Light Running ◽  
Normal Crossing ◽  
Unfavorable Condition ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Relationship

To investigate the relationship between cyclist violation and waiting duration, the red-light running behavior of nonmotorized vehicles is examined at signalized intersections. Violation waiting duration is collected by video cameras and it is assigned as censored and uncensored data to distinguish between normal crossing and red-light running. A proportional hazard-based duration model is introduced, and variables revealing personal characteristics and traffic conditions are used to describe the effects of internal and external factors. Empirical results show that the red-light running behavior of cyclist is time dependent. Cyclist’s violating behavior represents positive duration dependence, that the longer the waiting time elapsed, the more likely cyclists would end the wait soon. About 32% of cyclists are at high risk of violation and low waiting time to cross the intersections. About 15% of all the cyclists are generally nonrisk takers who can obey the traffic rules after waiting for 95 seconds. The human factors and external environment play an important role in cyclists’ violation behavior. Minimizing the effects of unfavorable condition in traffic planning and designing may be an effective measure to enhance traffic safety.

Red-Light Running and Sensible Countermeasures: Summary of Research Findings

1998 ◽  
Vol 1640 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Retting ◽  
Allan F. Williams ◽  
Michael A. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Traffic Signals ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Red Light Running ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Red Light Cameras ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Research Findings

Deliberate running of red lights is a common and serious violation that contributes substantially to the more than 1 million motor vehicle collisions that occur at traffic signals each year. Urban-based highway safety research has examined various aspects of the red-light running problem, including the contribution of red-light violations to motor vehicle crashes, the frequency of red-light running, characteristics of red-light runners, and the influence of signal timing on red-light running behavior. A brief summary of recent research efforts to examine the problem of red-light running is provided, and the use of countermeasures, including red-light cameras, to reduce the problem is discussed.

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

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