scholarly journals The Importance of Artificial Rearing of Chironomidae Insect (Blood Worm) as Fish and Shrimp Food

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
The World ◽  
Larva Feed

The chironomidae family is related to Order of Diptera. They are called non biting midges. Females will lay egg masses in water. The larva feed on organic material such as organic debris and algae. Due to having hemoglobin in their larval blood, they are called bloodworm. They are able to live in a complete absence of oxygen for several hours. Hemoglobin molecules in the blood bind and hold a reserve supply of oxygen. Chironomus as indicators of organic pollution in aquatic environment. Chironomids were important in the diets of all fish species as well as shrimps. Bloodworms are harvested from mud flats and sold to fisherman or as a food source for domestic pets. In the world there are several centers for artificial rearing of this insect. There are different formulations of blood form which is prepared by different companies in the world. Rearing and artificial culturing this insect is important resource for fishes and shrimps which are the mina important food of human being.

Pigeonpea as an important food source

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Salunkhe ◽  
J. K. Chavan ◽  
S. S. Kadam ◽  
N. R. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Important Food Source

scholarly journals Diseases of Gastropoda

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle F. O’Brien ◽  
Sarah Pellett
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
The World ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
World Organisation

Gastropods (class Gastropoda) form the largest of the classes in the phylum Mollusca and inhabit terrestrial, fresh water and marine environments. A large number of these species are of major conservation importance and are an essential component of ecosystems. Gastropods may be deemed as pests, having a negative impact in horticulture and agriculture, whereas others may be used as a food source for human consumption and therefore are beneficial. Gastropods are susceptible to primary diseases and also act as intermediate hosts for diseases which affect other animals, including humans. The diseases described include two that are notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE): Xenohaliotis californiensis and Abalone viral ganglioneuritis caused by Haliotid herpesvirus-1 (HaHV-1). Research into the diseases of gastropods has often focused on those species that act as intermediate disease hosts, those that are used in research or those cultured for food. In this paper we review the viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic and miscellaneous conditions that have been reported in gastropods and mention some of the factors that appear to predispose them to disease. The pathogenicity of a number of these conditions has not been fully ascertained and more research is needed into specifying both the etiological agent and significance in some of the diseases reported.

scholarly journals Chironomidae: Biology, Ecology and Systematics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerguine Karima
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Important Family ◽  
Theoretical Synthesis ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Holarctic Region

The family of Chironomidae is a group of Diptera insects belonging to the suborder of Nematocera, commonly called “non-biting midges” in the adult stage and “bloodworms” in the larval stage. The Chironomidae are often the most abundant group of macroinvertebrates, in number of species and individuals, encountered in all aquatic environments of freshwater, brackish, terrestrial and even the sea. Likewise, Chironomidae occur in all the continents. The Chironomidae family is divided into 11 sub-families that have diffrent ecological statues. Despite the wealth of data on Chironomidae in the Holarctic region, other parts of the world are poorly studied and few guides to identifying Chironomidae have been produced. This chapter includes a theoretical synthesis on the Chironomidae, it deals with the Biology (life cycle and description of different stages), description of all subfamilies and the ecology of this important family of Diptera.

Evaluation of By-Products of Potato Peel as Food Additive

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferhat Yuksel ◽  
Aysun Durmaz
Keyword(s):  
Food Additives ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Potato Peel ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
The World ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Important Food Source ◽  
By Products

: The potato plant is an important food source produced all over the world and it provides a significant portion of daily energy intake in nourishment. In addition, a significant rate of vitamins, fibre, mineral matters, protein, and fat can be obtained by consuming potato. In this study, the production, consumption, and usage areas of potato, a crucial source of our diet, and the possibilities of using it as food additives with the nutritional properties of its peel have been investigated. Generally, potato is consumed after its peel is removed in the homes and industrial areas and many of these peels are disposed off as wastes. Studies show that potato peel has a high content of dietary fibre, protein, carbohydrate, mineral matters, vitamin, phenolic, and antioxidant. The use of potato peel as food additives have also been discussed in this study.

scholarly journals Fruit ontogeny of Garcinia gardneriana (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Eglaé Camargo Asinelli ◽  
Maria Conceição de Souza ◽  
Káthia Socorro Mathias Mourão
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Fruit Type ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Important Food Source ◽  
Structural Aspects ◽  
Yellowish Orange ◽  
Secretory Ducts

Garcinia gardneriana (Clusiaceae) is a small to medium-sized tree that usually occurs on the floodplains of the Paraná River and it is an important food source for the local inhabitants. The fruit itself is consumed in natura, and juices and sweets are made from it. The purpose of this study was to describe morphological and structural aspects of fruits and seeds of this species in order to classify the fruit type and the pulpy layer which involves the seeds. The material analyzed consisted of ovary and fruits in different stages of development, collected from five plants from Aurélio Island, Baía River (MS, BR) and the description was done according to standard procedures in anatomy. The fruit is a yellowish-orange spherical berry ("bacóide" type). The smooth, coriaceous skin consists of the lignified exocarp. The endocarp cell layers are derived from the activity of an adaxial meristem that undergoes radial elongation. The edible sweet white pulp is formed by the endocarp, as well as the spongy mesocarp, in which the secretory ducts lose their function. The unitegmic anatropous ovules develop into anatropous exalbuminous seeds with a collapsed and undifferentiated testa. The embryo is hypocotylar. The features here described generally occur in Clusioideae-Garcinieae and Symphonieae.

Prescribed burning in a Eucalyptus woodland suppresses fruiting of hypogeous fungi, an important food source for mammals

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1333-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Trappe ◽  
A.O. Nicholls ◽  
Andrew W. Claridge ◽  
Steven J. Cork
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Hypogeous Fungi ◽  
Important Food Source

Diet composition and food habits of Diplodus puntazzo (Sparidae) from the Gulf of Gabès (Central Mediterranean)

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 2257-2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Chaouch ◽  
Olfa Ben Abdallah-Ben Hadj Hamida ◽  
Mohamed Ghorbel ◽  
Othman Jarboui
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Gulf Of Gabes ◽  
Diplodus Puntazzo ◽  
Gulf Of Gabès ◽  
Important Food Source

The diet and feeding habits of the sharpsnout seabream, Diplodus puntazzo, from the Gulf of Gabès were investigated using stomach contents of 490 specimens ranging from 12.6 cm to 26.1 cm total length in size and from 29.95 g to 230.83 g in weight collected from commercial catches between April 2008 and March 2009. Of the total number of examined stomachs, 279 were empty (%VI = 56.94). This percentage varied significantly with months, attaining a maximum in spring (74.88%) and a minimum in autumn (37.38%). Eight major taxa were identified (Plantae, Spongia, Tunicata, Echinodermata, Crustacea, Annelida, Mollusca and Teleostei) in stomach contents of D. puntazzo. Plants were the most important food source, constituting 89.88% of the total Index of relative importance. The other groups, such as teleosts, molluscs, crustaceans and annelids represented accessory food. Significant differences in diet were observed in relation to season. Plants were the most important food source item in all seasons, especially during the autumn. The estimation of trophic level gave an average of 2.57 ± 0.2 for the whole population of D. puntazzo in the Gulf of Gabès. Based on the composition of its diet, this species may be considered as an omnivorous fish with a preference for vegetable material, and showing specialist feeding strategy.

scholarly journals An Overview: Distribution, Production, and Diversity of Local Landraces of Buckwheat in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dol Raj Luitel ◽  
Mohan Siwakoti ◽  
Pramod Kumar Jha ◽  
Ajay Kumar Jha ◽  
Nir Krakauer
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
The World

Buckwheat is a sixth staple food crop after rice, wheat, maize, finger millet, and barley in Nepal. It is considered as an alternate cereal and poor man’s crop, representing an important food supply in remote places of Himalayas. It is the best crop in higher altitude in terms of adaptation to different climatic variables and easily fitted to different cropping patterns due to short duration. It is cultivated on marginal land in 61 out of 75 districts of Nepal from some 60 m to 4500 m asl, especially hilly and mountain districts like Rukum, Rolpa, Jajarkot, Dolpa, Humla, Jumla, Kalikot, Kavre, Dolakha, and Okhaldhunga. Sweet buckwheat varieties are generally grown in midhill and Terai but Tartary buckwheat varieties are grown in higher altitude. There are altogether 19 local landraces of sweat buckwheat and 37 for Tartary buckwheat listed from Nepal. The largest producers are China, USA, and Russia and Japan is principal user of global buckwheat grown in the world. In Nepal, it is cultivated in 10510 ha area with production of 10355 t/yr and yield of 0.983 t/ha. It has also medicinal value used in different forms including all its parts so the demand of buckwheat is increasing.

scholarly journals Morphophysiology of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Response to Drought Stress: Paving the Way Forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Hill ◽  
David Nelson ◽  
John Hammond ◽  
Luke Bell
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Stem Type ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Potato Yields

The cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is currently the third most important food crop in the world and is becoming increasingly important to the local economies of developing countries. Climate change threatens to drastically reduce potato yields in areas of the world where the growing season is predicted to become hotter and drier. Modern potato is well known as an extremely drought susceptible crop, which has primarily been attributed to its shallow root system. This review addresses this decades old consensus, and highlights other, less well understood, morphophysiological features of potato which likely contribute to drought susceptibility. This review explores the effects of drought on these traits and goes on to discuss phenotypes which may be associated with drought tolerance in potato. Small canopies which increase harvest index and decrease evapotranspiration, open stem-type canopies which increase light penetration, and shallow but densely rooted cultivars, which increase water uptake, have all been associated with drought tolerance in the past, but have largely been ignored. While individual studies on a limited number of cultivars may have examined these phenotypes, they are typically overlooked due to the consensus that root depth is the only significant cause of drought susceptibility in potato. We review this work, particularly with respect to potato morphology, in the context of a changing climate, and highlight the gaps in our understanding of drought tolerance in potato that such work implies.

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