scholarly journals Rural paramedics’ capacity for utilising a salutogenic approach to healthcare delivery: a literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Renee Cockrell ◽  
Buck Reed ◽  
Leigh Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Rural And Remote ◽  
Future Health ◽  
General Resistance ◽  
Healthcare Needs

Introduction Australia has had a long-standing challenge in meeting rural and remote healthcare needs. Recently, new expanded paramedic roles have proven successful in addressing healthcare gaps, however, further research is needed to establish cost-effectiveness, sustainability and training. Equally, many established rural paramedics highlight primary healthcare as fundamental to their role. This study explores combining paramedics’ existing assessment scope and unique access to patients in their living environments with the introduction of a tool to measure sense of coherence, general resistance resources and social determinants of health to build patient resiliency to improve outcomes of current and future health events. Through utilising a salutogenic approach which addresses patient wellness and capacity for utilising health resources and knowledge, paramedics can provide a more holistic and patient-centred approach to care and care planning augmenting their existing clinical scope. Methods As this study aimed to establish the feasibility of paramedics undertaking a salutogenic approach to healthcare delivery, seven questions were developed focussing on areas identified as necessary components of feasibility within the paramedic paradigm. A systematic overview of literature was conducted to identify the connection between the salutogenic theory and the provision of pre-hospital care. ResultsFifty-four articles outlined the factors associated with rural living and the aspects that impact on the potential for paramedics in rural communities to undertake a salutogenic approach to healthcare delivery. Additionally, two pieces of grey literature were identified as pertinent to the research. Conclusion It is reasonable to assume that it is a feasible option for rural paramedics to utilise their current skills and unique access to patients in rural and remote settings in a salutogenic approach to healthcare delivery by undertaking assessments of patients’ sense of coherence, general resistance resources and social determinants of health.  

scholarly journals Integrating Social Determinants of Health to Precision Medicine through Digital Transformation: An Exploratory Roadmap

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 5018
Author(s):  
Ik-Whan G. Kwon ◽  
Sung-Ho Kim ◽  
David Martin
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Collaborative Tools ◽  
High Level

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered healthcare delivery platforms from traditional face-to-face formats to online care through digital tools. The healthcare industry saw a rapid adoption of digital collaborative tools to provide care to patients, regardless of where patients or clinicians were located, while mitigating the risk of exposure to the coronavirus. Information technologies now allow healthcare providers to continue a high level of care for their patients through virtual visits, and to collaborate with other providers in the networks. Population health can be improved by social determinants of health and precision medicine working together. However, these two health-enhancing constructs work independently, resulting in suboptimal health results. This paper argues that artificial intelligence can provide clinical–community linkage that enhances overall population health. An exploratory roadmap is proposed.

Epidemiological Transition and Population Health: Understanding Social Determinants of Health in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-246
Author(s):  
Soma Hewa ◽  
Bo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Social Epidemiology ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

This article has twin objectives: First, the article briefly examines major theoretical interpretations of disease causations in Western medicine, their limitations in understanding social epidemiology, and the gradual development of the population health approach to health promotion and disease prevention in the context of chronic diseases in Western industrialized societies. Second, the article examines the current epidemiological trends in China and the relevance of population health perspectives and strategies to promote health. While analyzing some recent findings on social determinants of health in China, the article argues that effective population health strategies for health promotion must be based on a social epidemiology that provides information necessary to promote health. Although infectious diseases still make a significant contribution to China’s mortality and morbidity figures, the incidence of chronic diseases such as malignancies, heart disease, respiratory disease, and cerebrovascular disease is steadily increasing. Finally, in view of the current epidemiological trend, and the need to tackle the multiple health challenges, this discursive analysis proposes a number of key research areas within the broader context of social epidemiology that may facilitate future health policies in China.

scholarly journals Social Determinants of Health and Health Care Delivery: African American Women’s T2DM Self-Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 105477382091698
Author(s):  
Judith M. Ochieng ◽  
Janice D. Crist
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
African American ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Care Delivery ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Self Management

African American (AA) women have high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and complications. No studies have been conducted about how social determinants of health and health care delivery affect their T2DM self-management. The purpose was to describe how social determinants of health and healthcare delivery may influence AA women’s T2DM self-management using qualitative descriptive methodology ( N = 10). Ten participants were interviewed. Participants’ geographical location, education, level of income, health literacy, and systemic racism, that is, healthcare delivery services, for example, inadequate healthcare services, providers’ assumptions about the patient’s knowledge of diabetes, providers’ attitudes toward patients, and stigma related to diabetes as a disease were identified. Understanding the role of social determinants of health and the health care delivery system in influencing T2DM self-management is a powerful tool for providers and practitioners for improving practice and health care policies to decrease health disparities and improve health outcomes among AA women with T2DM.

Social determinants of health and the Barrio Advantage among Hispanics during the COVID-19 pandemic.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
Nerea Lopetegui-Lia ◽  
Jasmin Hundal ◽  
Katarina Bade ◽  
Emily Hsu ◽  
Jyoti Chhabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Acculturation Process

133 Background: Institutional data confirmed that despite Hispanics having a higher morbidity related to COVID19, mortality and outcomes were more favorable compared to other ethnic counterparts. We decided to study the role of the Barrio Advantage (BA), living in ethnically similar communities leading to health advantage, by taking into account acculturation in our patients in hopes of identifying potential avenues to educate our population and minimize healthcare delivery gaps. Methods: A 15-item IRB-approved questionnaire was administered to cancer patients receiving care at participating cancer centers in English and Spanish. Multivariable analysis was performed using Chi Square test to determine associations between examined variables which included socio-demographic information, fears and attitudes related to COVID19. Results: A total of 251 surveys were analyzed. 43.4% were Hispanic with 72% of them listing Spanish and 28% English as their preferred language. Similar amount of English Speaking Hispanics (ESH) and Spanish Speaking Hispanics (SSH) had no personal or family exposure to COVID19 (66.7% and 59.5%, respectively). SSH have a lower degree of education (33% with at least some college, vs 53.3%). More SSH depend on government issued insurance or have no insurance at all (78.5% vs 63.3%). COVID19 has disproportionately worsened fears in SSH (Table). The Barrio Advantage effect was evidenced by the fact that SSH rely more on faith-based institutions or family/friends for emotional support and healthcare inquiries (22.8% vs 13.3%) although more ESH would do so in the case of food security (53.3% vs 41.8%). Comparison of fears to financial, personal and community health based on English proficiency. Conclusions: Financial, personal and community health concerns are deepened in Hispanics, particularly for SSH, potentially due to the lack of acculturation process. Understanding Hispanics and other underrepresented populations are far from monolithic. Loco-regional social determinants of health must be studied in an attempt minimize health disparities including those related to COVID19. The BA, English proficiency and the acculturation process should be considered when developing interventions aimed at decreasing negative outcomes in this dynamic population.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals Practices of Engagement in Innovation Platforms: Sustainably Overcoming Complex Societal Challenge Landscapes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Robert Peter Edlmann ◽  
Sara Grobbelaar
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Theory Approach

Background: South Africa’s public healthcare sector is overburdened, especially its under-resourced primary healthcare delivery system. This burden could be relieved by alleviating the population’s ill-health, focusing on the social determinants of health. These include living conditions and levels of social cohesion. In an attempt to address the aforementioned ‘challenge landscape’, this article considers socio-economic empowerment of those marginalised members of society living at the base of the pyramid (BOP) to improve factors contributing to poor health. We propose that Innovation Platforms (IPs) offer opportunities to achieve this by drawing diverse stakeholders together, which should include marginalised individuals, to pool resources and knowledge and collaborate around a specific set of challenges. Method: A Grounded Theory approach is utilised to develop the framework comprising concept definition from a systemized literature review. It is evaluated through various progressive stages through three phases of evaluation: 1) the initial framework was subjected to scrutiny in a theoretical case study, 2) a first-pass semi-structured interview and later four more semi-structured interviews with subject matter experts, and 3) an instrumental case study to refine the framework and to understand its application in a particular situation (this included four stakeholder interviews and a workshop and feedback session with the project champion). Results: This article contributes to the extant literature by addressing the lack of guidance on stakeholder engagement practices critical to the proper functioning of IPs in the context of overcoming the complex challenges associated with social determinants of health. The final output of the study is a refined management tool for stakeholder engagement in IPs. The tool provides practical recommendations to support policy makers, researchers and practitioners in 1) establishing IPs, 2) identifying areas for improvement and 3) identifying reasons for an IP’s failure and lessons to learn.

scholarly journals Leveraging data and digital health technologies to assess and impact social determinants of health (SDoH)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Jean Thomas Craig ◽  
Nicole Fusco ◽  
Thrudur Gunnarsdottir ◽  
Luc Chamberland ◽  
Jane Snowdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Access To Data

Objective: Identify how novel datasets and digital health technology, including analytics- and artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools, can be used to assess non-clinical, social determinants of health (SDoH) for population health improvement. Methods: A targeted review with systematic methods was performed on three databases and the grey literature to identify recently published articles (2013-2018) for evidence-based qualitative synthesis. Following single review of titles and abstracts, two independent reviewers assessed eligibility of full-texts using predefined criteria and extracted data into predefined templates. Results: The search yielded 2,714 unique database records of which 65 met inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted retrospectively in a United States community setting. Identity, behavioral, and economic factors were frequently identified social determinants, due to reliance on administrative data. Three main themes were identified: 1) improve access to data and technology with policy – advance the standardization and interoperability of data, and expand consumer access to digital health technologies; 2) leverage data aggregation – enrich SDoH insights using multiple data sources, and use analytics- and AI-based methods to aggregate data; and 3) use analytics and AI-based methods to assess and address SDoH – retrieve SDoH in unstructured and structured data, and provide contextual care management sights and community-level interventions. Conclusions: If multiple datasets and advanced analytical technologies can be effectively integrated, and consumers have access to and literacy of technology, more SDoH insights can be identified and targeted to improve public health.

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