Ethnic niching in a segmented labour market: Evidence from Spain

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikolaj Stanek ◽  
Alberto Veira
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Human And Social Capital

Using the Spanish National Immigrant Survey (NIS-2007) we identify the ethnic niches where workers from five main immigrant communities concentrate. We then implement logit models in order to assess how structural factors and human and social capital variables affect the odds of working in these niches. We observe that the strong segmentation of the Spanish labour market strongly favours the concentration of immigrants in certain occupational niches. Nevertheless, variables related to human and social capital still play a significant role in the placement of immigrant workers in different niches, all of which are not equally attractive. 

Community Forces, Social Capital, and Educational Achievement: The Case of Supplementary Education in the Chinese and Korean Immigrant Communities

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIN ZHOU ◽  
SUSAN KIM
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Korean Immigrant ◽  
Supplementary Education ◽  
Community Forces

Extraordinary Asian American educational achievement has often been credited to a common cultural influence of Confucianism that emphasizes education, family honor, discipline, and respect for authority. In this article, Min Zhou and Susan Kim argue that immigration selectivity, higher than average levels of premigration and postmigration socioeconomic status, and ethnic social structures interact to create unique patterns of adaptation and social environments conducive to educational achievement. This article seeks to unpack the ethnic effect through a comparative analysis of the ethnic system of supplementary education that has developed in two immigrant communities — Chinese and Korean — in the United States. The study suggests that the cultural attributes of a group interact substantially with structural factors, particularly tangible ethnic social structures on which community forces are sustained and social capital is formed. The authors conclude that "culture" is not static and requires structural support to constantly adapt to new situations.

EDUCATION AND THE LABOUR MARKET IN POLAND – SELECTED ISSUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 559 (10) ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
Izabela Buchowicz
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
Teaching Programs ◽  
Contemporary Education

Education is considered as an important factor of well-prosperous economy. Education which corresponds to the needs of a labour market becomes the key educational target of young people and employees who want to adopt to the changes at the labour market. Therefore there are still challenges for education in Poland – how to modify the process of teaching and how to infl uence the process of learning in such a way that education would become an important factor in growth of human and social capital. Contemporary education should take into account variable requirements of the labour market, including also needs of the present and future employees and employers. An important challenge for education in Poland is to adopt its structure and teaching programs to the needs of employees not only on the domestic labor market, by also on the labour markets of other countries, mainly in Europe. Simultaneously, Polish educational system must be competitive with respect to those of other European countries, take into account demographic and technological changes in order to prepare employees willing to work in diff erent countries.

“The guild […] manufactures nothing, nor produces any artifact”: Barcelona's Seven Maritime Cargo Handling Guilds, c.1760–1840

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-431
Author(s):  
Brendan J. von Briesen
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Organizational Cultures ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
Secondary Sector ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBy studying the guilds of the seven maritime cargo handling trades of Barcelona, this paper aims to contribute to the relatively limited, but growing scholarship of port labour during the late artisan phase, and of service-sector guilds in general. It examines the relationship between occupational and organizational cultures, the types and means of inculcating human and social capital, and the formal and informal determination of qualification in view of the different guild responses to liberalization and abolition. Unlike guilds in the secondary sector, these corporations were organized horizontally among masters and had neither journeymen, nor apprentices in their respective trades. Some of them provided services individually while others worked collectively. They generally prohibited internal and external employment schemes, and many of them used a turn system or another to level work opportunities. One of these guilds transitioned directly into a trade union; others became owner associations or dissolved into unorganized competitors. The period studied covers the flexibilization of the labour market through progressively advancing liberal reforms of monopolistic guild privileges and the formal abolition of Spanish guilds in 1836. Comparisons with other European ports further highlight the multiplicity of considerations for understanding occupational and organizational cultures and the trajectories of guilds in the service sector.

A successful person, society and civic activism

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1800-1816
Author(s):  
G.B. Kozyreva ◽  
T.V. Morozova ◽  
R.V. Belaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
Civic Activism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
Person Model ◽  
Social Disparity

Subject. The article provides considerations on the formation and development of a successful person model in the modern Russian society. Objectives. The study is an attempt to model a successful person in the Russian society, when the ideological subsystem of the institutional matrix is changing. Methods. The study relies upon the theory of institutional matrices by S. Kirdina, theories of human and social capital. We focus on the assumption viewing a person as a carrier of social capital, which conveys a success, socio-economic position, social status, civic activism, doing good to your family and the public, confidence in people and association with your region. The empirical framework comprises data of the sociological survey of the Russian population in 2018. The data were processed through the factor analysis. Results. We devised a model of a successful person in today's Russian society, which reveals that a success, first of all, depends on the economic wellbeing and has little relation to civic activism. The potential involvement (intention, possibility, preparedness) in the social and political life significantly dominates the real engagement of people. The success has a frail correlation with constituents of the social capital, such as confidence in people and doing good to the public. Conclusions and Relevance. Based on the socio-economic wellbeing, that is consumption, the existing model of a successful person proves to be ineffective. The sustainability of socio-economic wellbeing seriously contributes to the social disparity of opportunities, which drive a contemporary Russian to a success in life.

scholarly journals Employer Engagement and Active Labour Market Policies. Evidence from a Norwegian Multi-Method Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Christer Hyggen ◽  
Janikke Solstad Vedeler
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Labour Market Policies ◽  
Active Labour Market Policies ◽  
Work Training ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Employer Engagement ◽  
Business Size

Using Work Training in Norway as a case, this article provides insight into motivation and structural factors that impact employer engagement with active labour market policies (ALMP) targeting young people. Drawing on mixed-methods data, we find a substantial proportion of Norwegian employers engage in Work Training. Both social responsibility and the economic interests of the company influence employers’ motivation for committing to Work Training. The findings reveal that the structural factors of business size and sector are crucial determinants of employer behaviour when it comes to hiring Work Training candidates. Although improved outreach activities by local job centres may be important, the article argues that efforts towards opening up sectors closed by sector-specific regulations on hiring, and increased awareness of structural constraints, are similarly important.

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