Implementation, Mechanisms and Context of the MAMAACT Intervention to Reduce Ethnic and Social Disparity in Stillbirth and Infant Health

The MAMAACT intervention aimed to address ethnic and social disparity in stillbirth and infant health by improving management of pregnancy complications. This process evaluation of the intervention was guided by the British Medical Research Council’s framework. We examined implementation through dose, reach, and fidelity, important mechanisms and the influence of contextual factors. The intervention included a six-hour training session for antenatal care (ANC) midwives in intercultural communication and cultural competence, two follow-up dialogue meetings, and health education materials (leaflet and app) on warning signs of severe pregnancy complications and how to respond for pregnant women. A mixed-methods approach was applied. Cross-sectional survey data and administrative data were used to assess intervention reach and dose. Qualitative data (records from dialogue meetings with midwives, participant observations and field notes from ANC visits, focus group interviews with midwives, and individual interviews with non-Western immigrant women) evaluated intervention fidelity, mechanisms, and contextual barriers. More than 80% of women received the MAMAACT leaflet and many found the content useful. The app was used more selectively. Midwives described being more aware and reflective in their communication with women from various cultural backgrounds. Organizational factors in ANC (time pressure, lack of flexibility in visits, poor interpreter services), barriers in women’s everyday life (lack of social network, previous negative experiences/lack of trust and domestic responsibilities), and habitual interaction patterns among midwives served as contextual barriers. The reach of the intervention was high and it was evaluated positively by both pregnant women and midwives. Organizational factors hindered changes towards more needs-based communication in ANC potentially hindering the intended mechanisms of the intervention. When interpreting the intervention effects, attention should be drawn to both organizational and interpersonal factors in the clinic as well as the pregnant women’s life situations.

Migration Flow and Social Protection Policy: Case Study Indonesia – Malaysia

Nowadays, the rest of the world concentrates on increasing global economies through the development of technology and productivity growth. This intent creates uneven economic opportunities, inequality, and social disparity between developed, developing, and undeveloped countries. On the other hand, the discrepancy between them contributes to increasing the migration flow, particularly in ASEAN. Moreover, the population movement between Indonesia-Malaysia majority is a low-skilled migrant and brings several problems for both countries. Thus, the scheme of social protection for a migrant becomes a crucial matter to implement. Hence, this paper aims to acknowledge the migration flow and assess Indonesia and Malaysia's social protection schemes. The result shows that distance is an essential variable of Indonesia's worker migrant than Malaysia's wage rate. Hence, the discourse for stopping worker migrants, particularly domestic workers, is not a great solution. Notably, the government should create a proper MoU with Malaysia to protect worker migrants, particularly domestic workers.

INEQUALTIY PANDEMIC: NEW DIMENSIONS OF SOCIAL DISPARITY UNDER CORONACRISIS

The article examines the problem of inequality in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has significantly changed the usual criteria for assessing inequality, revealing the significant vulnerability of citizens living mainly in highly developed countries of the world. These countries have modern health care and welfare system with lower poverty levels than one in low-income developing countries. Based on the methodological approaches of the theory of social choice and the theory of economic welfare, the author shows the transformation of views on inequality and notes a decrease in economic factors of inequality with a significant increase in non-economic, subjective, behavioral factors. The article analyzes the relationship between the number of COVID-19 cases in different countries and indicators of economic growth, globalization, health security of citizens, and those characterizing people’s living standards. The author analyses data for individual countries and regions of the world.

KOMUNITAS PELAJAR UTAN KAYU SELATAN

This study aims to find a third place for reducing social disparity, encouraging social growth, supporting social interaction between different social echelons, and providing a decent place for future educated generations. Located in Jl. Galur Sari Timur no. 8, Utan Kayu Selatan, which is situated in East Jakarta, the highest social inequality at Jakarta Province and also a district with the highest education institution. The result of this research leads to the right third place for this area, which is a community based learning center, under the name of Southwood Learning Center, which accommodates meeting point for local learners to interact and exchange ideas, encourage social growth in education and modern perceptions in the process of reducing social inequalities. In the designing process, the designer considered area history, which was a forest during the Mataram kingdom period, present local building forms, the function and character of education, and the traits of a third place as a medium for social interactions and reflections. Keywords: East Jakarta; Social Disparity; Learners; Southwood Learning Center AbstrakTulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang bertujuan untuk merancang sebuah wadah yang dapat mengurangi kesenjangan sosial, mendorong kemajuan hidup masyarakat, mendukung interaksi dari berbagai golongan, serta menyediakan wadah bagi para penerus bangsa yaitu para pelajar. Berlokasi di Jl. Galur Sari Timur no. 8, Utan Kayu Selatan, yang terletak di Jakarta Timur, sebagai kota dengan kesenjangan sosial tertinggi di Provinsi DKI Jakarta, serta kawasan dengan lembaga pendidikan terbanyak pada daerah tersebut. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa fungsi tempat ketiga yang diusulkan untuk wilayah ini adalah Perkumpulan Pelajar Utan Kayu Selatan, di mana terciptanya titik temu pelajar sekitar untuk berinteraksi dan bertukar ide, serta mendorong kehidupan masyarakat sekitar untuk menjadi lebih berwawasan luas dan modern untuk mengurangi kesenjangan sosial. Dalam proses perancangannya dipertimbangkan sejarah kawasan, yaitu area hutan dari zaman kerajaan Mataram, kondisi massa sekitar, fungsi dan sifat dari pendidikan, serta sifat third place sebagai sarana interaksi dan refleksi.

FASILITAS KREATIVITAS SENI MERUYA UTARA

The Creative Art Facility is a third place project that accommodate various activities which is related to art creativity specially fine arst. The background of the project is residents are not provided a place to do some activities that related to arts especially among teenagers and housewives so that they often do their creativity in a wrong place. This project is located in North Meruya. This project as third place aims to facilitate Meruya Utara residents with lots of facilities that related to arts so that they can develop their creativity and become a place for residents to gather around also free to express theirselves and be creative so that they can improve personality become better . In order to create a sense of togetherness also reduce social disparity and a conducive level of security that can reduce the potential of juvenile delinquency in the region. Descriptive explanatory method is used in this writing by doing the literature studies, surveys and field observations, and conducting analyzes. Several programs that being generated are art studio, gallery, display area, library, cafetaria, garden, and artshop. Keywords: art, creative, third place Abstrak Fasilitas Kreativitas Seni merupakan proyek third place yang mewadahi beragam kegiatan berhubungan dengan kreativitas seni khususnya dalam bidang seni rupa. Proyek ini, dilatarbelakangi oleh tidak tertampungnya warga yang gemar melakukan berbagai kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan seni rupa terutama di kalangan remaja dan ibu rumah tangga sehingga sering menuangkan kreativitas di tempat yang tidak seharusnya. Proyek ini berlokasi di kelurahan Meruya Utara. Tujuan proyek adalah untuk memfasilitasi warga Meruya Utara sebagai third place dengan berbagai macam fasilitas yang berhubungan dengan seni agar kreativitas yang mereka miliki berkembang dan menjadikan tempat bagi warga untuk berkumpul serta bebas dalam berekspresi dan berkreasi sehingga dapat meningkatkan pribadi menjadi lebih baik. Guna menciptakan rasa kebersamaan serta mengurangi kesenjangan sosial dan tingkat keamanan yang kondusif sehingga memungkinkan berkurangnya potensi kenakalan remaja di kawasan. Metode deskriptif eksplanatoris digunakan dalam penulisan ini dengan melakukan rangkaian studi literatur, survei dan observasi lapangan dan melakukan analisis. Beberapa program yang dihasilkan diantaranya adalah art studio, galeri, display area, perpustakaan, kafetaria, taman dan distro.

Work and Health in a Diverse and Disparate Labour Market

Japan’s economic growth excelled in the twentieth century. Since the 1990s, there has been a long period of low economic growth (the ‘lost decades’) and expanding social disparity. Traditional lifetime employment, mainly for men, gradually shifted towards diverse working arrangements including part-time, temporary, and fixed-term contracts, for men and women. Deregulation aimed to introduce labour market flexibility in response to the economic slowdown. Working regulations were not reformed in response to diversification of working patterns. Economic and health gaps between regular workers and non-standard workers expanded. Non-standard workers were disadvantaged by relatively limited access to healthcare. Epidemiological and policy analysis is limited partly because participants in non-standard employment are difficult to follow. More research evidence on current diverse working patterns and health is necessary for policymaking in the Japanese context. Social changes in employment arrangements prompted the Japanese government to initiate work reforms in 2019 to secure fair treatment of all workers, regardless of work arrangements, and to reduce working hours.

A successful person, society and civic activism

Subject. The article provides considerations on the formation and development of a successful person model in the modern Russian society. Objectives. The study is an attempt to model a successful person in the Russian society, when the ideological subsystem of the institutional matrix is changing. Methods. The study relies upon the theory of institutional matrices by S. Kirdina, theories of human and social capital. We focus on the assumption viewing a person as a carrier of social capital, which conveys a success, socio-economic position, social status, civic activism, doing good to your family and the public, confidence in people and association with your region. The empirical framework comprises data of the sociological survey of the Russian population in 2018. The data were processed through the factor analysis. Results. We devised a model of a successful person in today's Russian society, which reveals that a success, first of all, depends on the economic wellbeing and has little relation to civic activism. The potential involvement (intention, possibility, preparedness) in the social and political life significantly dominates the real engagement of people. The success has a frail correlation with constituents of the social capital, such as confidence in people and doing good to the public. Conclusions and Relevance. Based on the socio-economic wellbeing, that is consumption, the existing model of a successful person proves to be ineffective. The sustainability of socio-economic wellbeing seriously contributes to the social disparity of opportunities, which drive a contemporary Russian to a success in life.