scholarly journals KITTEL B., LINDNER D., BRÜGGEMANN M., ZELLER J. P., HENTSCHEL G. LANGUAGE CONTACT — LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE — LANGUAGE CHOICE — LANGUAGE SHIFT. A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF THE BELARUSIAN-RUSSIAN MIXED VERNACULAR TRASIANKA IN BELARUS

Movoznavstvo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 308 (5) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
 A.  Zinkevych ◽  
M. K.  Prenner
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Contact Language

Cognate similarity and intervocalic /d/ production in Riverense Spanish

2021 ◽  
pp. 136700692199680
Author(s):  
Michael Gradoville ◽  
Mark Waltermire ◽  
Avizia Long
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Model ◽  
Phonetic Variation ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Contact Language ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phonetic Realization

Aims and objectives: While previous research has shown that phonetic variation in language contact situations is affected by whether a word has a cognate in the contact language, this paper aims to show that such an effect is not monotonic. According to the usage-based model, items in memory are organized according to similarity, thus we anticipated that formally more similar cognates would show a stronger cognate effect. Methodology: This variationist sociophonetic study investigates the relationship between cognate similarity and phonetic realization. We examined this relationship in the bilingual community of Rivera, Uruguay, in which both Portuguese and Spanish are spoken with regularity. Specifically, we focused on intervocalic /d/, which in monolingual Spanish is realized as an approximant [ð̞] or phonetic zero, but in monolingual Brazilian Portuguese is produced as a stop [d] or, in most varieties, an affricate [ʤ] before [i]. Data and analysis: We analyzed a corpus of sociolinguistic interviews of the Spanish spoken in Rivera. Acoustic measurements were taken from approximately 60 tokens each from 40 different speakers. Using a linear mixed-effects model, we examined the relationship between several predictors and the degree of constriction of intervocalic /d/. Findings/conclusions: While there is an overall frequency effect whereby more frequent words exhibit less constriction of intervocalic /d/, as both frequency and cognate similarity increase, less constriction of intervocalic /d/ obtains. Therefore, frequent cognates in Portuguese that have very similar forms affect the production of intervocalic /d/ more so than other cognates. Originality: No previous study has demonstrated that the cognate effect on phonetic variation in a situation of language contact is regulated by form similarity between cognate pairs. Significance/implications: The data support the usage-based model in that similar cognates have more lexical connections and can therefore show greater influence on phonetic realization than can cognates that share less phonetic material.

Canadian heritage German across three generations: A diary-based study of language shift in action

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Stolberg
Keyword(s):  
Heritage Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Language System ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractIt is well known that migration has an effect on language use and language choice. If the language of origin is maintained after migration, it tends to change in the new contact setting. Often, migrants shift to the new majority language within few generations. The current paper examines a diary corpus containing data from three generations of one German-Canadian family, ranging from 1867 to 1909, and covering the second to fourth generation after immigration. The paper analyzes changes that can be observed between the generations, with respect to the language system as well as to the individuals’ decision on language choice. The data not only offer insight into the dynamics of acquiring a written register of a heritage language, and the eventual shift to the majority language. They also allow us to identify different linguistic profiles of heritage speakers within one community. It is discussed how these profiles can be linked to the individuals’ family backgrounds and how the combination of these backgrounds may have contributed to giving up the heritage language in favor of the majority language.

William Carleton between Irish and English: using literary dialect to study language contact and change

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin McCafferty
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Empirical Comparison ◽  
Middle Phase ◽  
British English ◽  
The Future ◽  
Complex Constraints ◽  
Contact Situation ◽  
William Carleton ◽  
Bear Witness

This study examines two features of the Irish English literary dialect of William Carleton, a bilingual writer of the period when Ireland shifted to English. It addresses the issue of the validity of literary dialect via empirical comparison of the use of plural verbal -s in Carleton and in personal letters written by a close contemporary from a similar background. The result suggests considerable accuracy in Carleton’s dialect representation: he uses plural verbal -snot only in agreement with the complex constraints of the Northern Subject Rule but also in line with usage in the letters. Then the study examines Carleton’s use of the be after V-ing construction, which is typically a perfect in present-day Irish English. The future uses found in older texts are sometimes cited as examples of inauthentic literary dialect. However, like others of his generation, Carleton uses be after V-ingin both future and perfect senses. Given his social and linguistic background, his place in relation to the language shift, and the apparent accuracy with which he portrays dialect features, Carleton provides crucial support for the view that future uses arose in a language contact situation in which speakers of British English interpreted be after V-ingas a future, while speakers of Irish acquiring English intended it as a calque on an Irish perfect. As more Irish shifted to English, perfect meanings came to dominate. Carleton and his contemporaries bear witness to the middle phase of this process.

LANGUAGE CONTACT AND CHANGE: SUMMARY OBSERVATIONS

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Richard Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Language Loss ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Members ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contact Language ◽  
General Topic ◽  
Language Contact And Change

Various facets of the general topic of multilingualism, including language contact, have been dealt with in previous ARAL volumes (e.g., under separate entries in volumes 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 13, and 15) and as a major substantive focus in volumes 6, 14 and 17. Nonetheless, it does not seem at all surprising that we return to the specific topic of language contact and change in volume 23 given the worldwide incidence of the phenomenon and the attention, and often controversy, which various aspects of language contact, language change or language loss arouses. Thus, I find it interesting that, within the past 12 months, issues related to language contact and derivative implications have surfaced as important factors in public discussions in such disparate settings as the November 2002 elections in several of the states in the United States, the admission of new members to the European Union, and immigration to Australia. Clearly, the topics of language contact and language change are salient and likely to remain so for the foreseeable future.

Reconstructing the history of languages in northwest New Britain

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-132
Author(s):  
Malcolm D. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Austronesian Languages ◽  
Contact Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Britain

William Thurston (1982, 1987, 1989, 1992, 1994) analyzes the history of the languages of the northwest area of New Britain. This history has included much contact among the area’s languages, all of which are Oceanic Austronesian with the exception of the Papuan language Anêm. Thurston, however, took the position that all linguistic speciation is brought about by language contact, especially by language shift. In this paper, the comparative method is applied to Thurston’s (and others’) data to reconstruct a partial history of the languages of the area, exemplifying how the comparative method may be applied in contact situations. Reanalysis of his data shows that a number of his conclusions about the histories of the area’s Austronesian languages are wrong, but validates his claim that language shift is manifested in copied specialist vocabulary, a conclusion that is important for historical contact linguistics, as such cases may provide few or no other clues that shift has occurred.

De Relatie Tussen Taalkeuze, Inschatting Taalvaardigheid Nederlands en Sociaal-Culturele Factoren bij Italianen in Vlaanderen en Turken in Nederland

1997 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Jetske Klatter-Folmer ◽  
Piet Van Avermaet
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Choice Behaviour ◽  
Majority Culture ◽  
Relevant Factors

In this research project, the model of social determination of language shift will be expanded. An attempt is made to fill the gap that still exists regarding the effects on language shift of an ethnic minority group member's confidence in his ability to comply with the linguistic demands of the dominant majority culture. To that end, we investigate the confidence of members of ethnic minority groups and how it is built up, its place in the hierarchy of relevant factors, and their interaction. We detail how this confidence relates to language choice behaviour and language shift. This paper focuses mainly on the theoretical outline and design of the project.

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