scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Refugia Dalam Meningkatkan Produksi Tanaman Padi Berbasis Kearifan Lokal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Icuk Muhammad Sakir ◽  
Desinta Desinta
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Nymphula Depunctalis ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Rice Pest

Sakir et al, 2018. Utilization of Refugia in Increasing Rice Production Based on Local Wisdom. JLSO 7(1): The use of refugia as a habitat for natural enemies of rice pest organisms has not been widely used by farmers on an ongoing basis in preserving the environment.  Therefore, this research aimed to observe  the effect of utilizing refugia on rice production. Based on observations for 18 weeks in 3 hectares rice field, field with refugia harbored an abundance of natural enemies or predators including dome beetles (Micraspis sp.), Tomcat (Paederus littoralis), needle dragonflies (Zygoptera sp), praying grasshoppers (Stagmomantis carolina), spiders hunters (Oxyopes javanus), nets making spider (Tetragnatha maxillosa), and wasps (Polistes sp.). Insect pest infestations of white pest/leaf roller (Nymphula depunctalis), fake white pest/leaf folding (Cnaphlacorosis medinalis), white rice stem borer (Tryporyza innotata), and walang sangit (Leptocorisa acuta) was low. The rice field with plant refugia in 2018 produced 8.13 tons compared to 5.4 tons of rice grain/ha of the preceding year (2017) of yield without refugia. Plant refugia can be applied to increase swamp rice yield.

scholarly journals Control of Rice Stem Borer Scirpophaga sp. Using Trichogramma sp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Lutfi Afifah ◽  
Fawzy Muhammad Bayfurqon ◽  
Siti Latifatus Siriyah
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Field Extension ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Group Leaders ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
And Control

This community services activity was conducted together with a partner that is Benong II Farmers Group, in the Kalibuaya Village, Telaga Sari, Karawang. The problem that faced by partners is a lack of understanding of plant pest organisms (OPT), especially plant pests and diseases, as well as a lack of knowledge about the natural enemies. Knowledge and skills of the Benong II Farmers Group in the Kalibuaya Village, Telaga Sari, Karawang regarding the management and control of rice stem borer that environmentally friendly, especially biological control using parasitoid Trichogramma sp. needs to be improved. The evaluation results show that counselling and training on the breeding of natural enemies Trichogramma sp. resulting in the development and progress of the behavior, attitudes, and skills of farmers. There are four main results of the research. The results are (1) farmer more understand of the use of biological agents for IPM-based rice pest and disease control; (2) want to implement the control of rice stem borer Scirpophaga sp. by using Trichogramma sp.; (3) more skilled in monitoring the presence or absence of pests in rice plantations in the field; and (4) more active in finding out to community service teams, farmer group leaders, and POPT / field extension officers about how to mass culture theTrichogramma sp. and it’s release techniques in the field.

scholarly journals HAMA-HAMA PADA TANAMAN PADI SAWAH (Oryza sativa L.) DI KELURAHAN MAKALONSOW KECAMATAN TONDANO TIMUR KABUPATEN MINAHASA

EUGENIA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Manueke ◽  
B. H. Assa ◽  
E. A. Pelealu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Wetland Rice ◽  
Sesamia Inferens ◽  
Nymphula Depunctalis ◽  
Rice Stem Borer

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to know  the pest species in wetland rice crops at Makalonsow Village of East Tondano Distric in Minahasa Regency. The study used a descriptive obsevational method that is observing directly the pests found in rice paddy fields by means of sweeping with insect net and observing directly on paddy fields plaot and paddy fields clumps. The identified pests were identified and made in accordance with the results of identification for each species of pest.  The results showed that 11 species of pests and 4 spesies of natural enemies found in paddy fields of wetland rice at Makalonsow Village of East Tondano District in Minahasa Regency.  The pests are White Rice Stem Borer (Tryporyza innotata), Rice Cherry Stem Borer (Chilo suppressalis), Purple Rice Stem Borer (Sesamia inferens), White Pest (Nymphula depunctalis), Brown Planthopper (Nephotettix virescens), Green Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), Paddy Stink Bug (Leptocorisa acuta), Black Lady Bug (Pareaucosmetus sp.), Rice Weevil   (Sitophilus oryzae), Golden Snail (Pomacea caniculata), Hous and Tre Sparow (Passer spp.), and Rice-field Rat (Ratus argentiventer.). Natural enemies are Worship Grasshopper (Mantis sp.), Dragonflies (Sympetrum flaveolum), Coccinelid Beetle (Coccinella septempunctata), and Spider Hunters (Pardosa sp.).Keywords : plant pest, wetland rice crops,  natural enemies of pest ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui jenis-jenis hama pada tanaman padi sawah di Kelurahan Makalonsow Kecamatan Tondano Timur Kabupaten Minahasa. Penelitian menggunakan metode obsevasional deskriptif yaitu mengamati langsung hama yang ditemukan pada areal tanaman padi sawah dengan cara penyapuan dengan net serangga dan mengamati langsung pada petakan sawah dan rumpun tanaman padi sawah. Hama-hama yang ditemukan diidentifikasi dan dibuat deskripsi sesuai dengan hasil identifikasi untuk setiap jenis hama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 11 jenis hama dan 4 jenis musuh alami padahabitat tanaman padi sawah di Kelurahan Makalonsow Kecamatan Tondano Timur Kabupaten Minahasa. Hama-hama tersebut yaitu Penggerek batang padi putih (Tryporyza innotata), Penggerek Batang Padi Bergaris (Chilo suppressalis), Penggerek Batang Padi Ungu (Sesamia inferens), Hama Putih (Nymphula depunctalis), Wereng Coklat (Nephotettix virescens), Wereng Hijau (Nilaparvata lugens), Walang Sangit (Leptocorisa acuta), Kepik Hitam (Pareaucosmetus sp.), Bubuk Beras (Sitophilus oryzae), Keong Emas (Pomacea caniculata), Hama Burung Padi Sawah (Passer spp.), dan Hama Tikus Sawah (Ratus argentiventer).  Musuh alami yaitu  Belalang Sembah (Mantis sp.), Capung (Sympetrum flaveolum), Kumbang Coccinelid (Coccinella septempunctata), dan Laba-Laba Pemburu (Pardosa sp.).Kata kunci : hama tanaman, tanaman padi sawah, musuh alamiah hama

scholarly journals KERAGAMAN JENIS MUSUH ALAMI PADA SERANGGA HAMA PADI SAWAH DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN

EUGENIA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareyke Moningka ◽  
Dantje Tarore ◽  
Jeane Krisen
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Pest Insects

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to know the diversity of natural enemies (parasitoid and predator) on wet rice-field, so that could be bread to control pest insects with a tactic that is easy, cheap, efficiently and environment safe. Catching a natural enemies species was conducted in district of Tumpaan and Tenga (which was the centre of rice production in South Minahasa Regency) by sweeping (using insects trap) and direct observation in the field. The specimen insect was brought to the laboratory for identified. Diversity was measured using Shannon-wavers, and then continued to decide the species abundance average level. The natural enemies species which were found consist of five ordos of predator (Araneida, Hemiptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, and Orthoptera); 10 families; and 16 species; two ordos, 10 families and 13 species of parasitoid. The result of variance analysis showed that the abundance average level (J) of 29 species (predators and parasitoid) which were found almost the same and this value refer to value that almost the same on the diversity in species group (H) during observation either the old crop stadia or the location of rice plant. Keywords: Diversity, natural enemies, insect pest

Characterization of cysteine protease-like genes in the striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis

Genome ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yu Ge ◽  
Pin-Jun Wan ◽  
Guo-Qing Li ◽  
Yong-gui Xia ◽  
Zhao-Jun Han
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Cysteine Protease ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Chilo Suppressalis ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Plant Protease

The striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is a major pest for rice production in China and the rest of Southeast Asia. Chemical control is the main means to alleviate losses due to this pest, which causes serious environmental pollution. An effective and environmentally friendly approach is needed for the management of the striped rice stem borer. Cysteine proteases in insects could be useful targets for pest management either through engineering plant protease inhibitors, targeting insect digestive cysteine proteases, or through RNA interference-based silencing of cysteine proteases, disrupting developmental regulation of insects. In this study, eight cysteine protease-like genes were identified and partially characterized. The genes CCO2 and CCL4 were exclusively expressed in the larval gut, and their expression was affected by the state of nutrition in the insect. The expression of CCL2, CCL3, and CCO1 was significantly affected by the type of host plant, suggesting a role in host plant – insect interactions. Our initial characterization of the striped rice stem borer cysteine protease-like genes provides a foundation for further research on this important group of genes in this major insect pest of rice.

Keragaman Jenis dan Kelimpahan Populasi Penggerek Batang Padi dan Serangga Lain Berpotensi Hama Pada Ekosistem Sawah Organik

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Mochamad Hadi ◽  
RC Hidayat Soesilohadi ◽  
FX Wagiman ◽  
Yayuk Rahayuningsih Soehardjono
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Generative Phase

Rice stem borer is a main pest of paddy rice in Central Java. The main rice stem borer are yellow rice borer, Scirpophaga incertulas Walker, and white rice borer, S. innonata Walker. Other species are pink borer Sesamia inferens Walker, striped rice borer Chilo suppressalis Walker, dark-headed rice borer, C. polychrysus Meyrick, and glossy rice borer, C. auricilius Dudgeon. Besides rice stem borer, there are many other insect which are potential as rice pest, i.e., grasshopper, rice ear bug, brown planthopper, etc. Organic agriculture in Central Java have not been applied yet, hence there is still lack of information, including species diversity information and abundance of rice stem borer population and other potential insect pest on rice. Species diversity and population abundance of rice stem borer and other potential insect in organic rice ecosystem differ with the inorganic one. The objective of this research is to study species diversity and abundance of rice stem borer population and other potential pest in organic rice ecosystem. The study was conducted in organic rice of Bakalrejo Village, Susukan Sub district, District of Semarang. Species diversity and population abundance was analyzed using Shanon-Wiener’s species diversity index (H’), population abundance index (Di), and population evenness index (e). Pattern of  species diversity, population abundance, population evenness were temporally analyzed using population dynamic curve. Sampling of species diversity and population abundance was performed during a crop planting season with twice of sampling frequency. The result shows that rice stem borer found  were yellow rice borer with its population fluctuated temporally and pink rice borer with  its population were few and scarce. The highest diversity found during rice generative phase until ripen and decline in line with the age of rice. Species diversity index in vegetative phase was below 2, while during generative phase until ripen increased above 2. Insect population abundance declined in the end vegetative phase and increased in the beginning of reproductive phase until ripen phase. Population evenness index in all growth phase of rice were relatively high and similar. Keywords : organic rice, rice stem borer, insect pest of rice.

Bacillus thuringiensisisolates from the Philippines: habitat distribution, δ-endotoxin diversity, and toxicity to rice stem borers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Theunis ◽  
R.M. Aguda ◽  
W.T. Cruz ◽  
C. Decock ◽  
M. Peferoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Grain Dust

AbstractBacillus thuringiensisBerliner isolates were detected in 57% of 801 samples of rice grain dust, soil, rice field arthropods, and miscellaneous habitats (rice straw compost and mammal faeces) collected at 100 sites in the Philippines. The collection yielded 3950 isolates ofB. thuringiensis(8.7 isolates/positive sample). Grain dust from rice mills was the richest source (63% of the samples were positive, with 10.2 isolates/positive sample), followed by rice field arthropods, soil, and miscellaneous habitats. Polyclonal antibodies to six δ-endotoxin groups (Cry1A, Cry1B, Cry1C, Cry1D, Cry1E, and Cry3A) were used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to characterize the toxins produced by each isolate. Subsamples of isolates representing the diversity of isolate sources and δ-endotoxin profiles were bioassayed against the yellow stem borer,Scirpophaga incertulas(Walker) and striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker). Eighteen isolates highly toxic to both species were selected for characterization of δ-endotoxin genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific to 14 genes or gene subfamilies, and Western blotting with Cry2A antibodies. At least two novel δ-endotoxin genes, related tocry1Bandcry1F, were detected by DNA sequencing of PCR products.

scholarly journals Stem borer, Rupela albinella (Cramer), and stem rot, Sclerotium oryzae, in southwestern Colombia rice field.

1969 ◽  
Vol 78 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Alberto Pantoja ◽  
Julián Matta ◽  
Fernando Correa
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between a rice stem borer Rupela albinella and stem rot, Sclerotium oryzae, was studied in commercial rice fields in the Valle del Cauca Department of Colombia. The insect larvae and their damage were found to be associated with stem rot, but the fungal infection was not dependent on the insect's presence. The number of R. albinella larvae, the wounds caused by them, and stems with fungal infection increased with plant age.

Aboveground Arthropod Composition, Abundance and Guild Structure in Upland Rice Agro-ecosystem at Matalam, North Cotabato, Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
GINA D. BALLERAS ◽  
LEAH E. ENDONELA
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas

With the recent innovations in the field of ecological pest management,conservation and enhancement of biological diversity at any rice agro-ecosystemshas received considerable attention. The composition and abundance ofaboveground arthropods was assessed on upland rice fields in Matalam, NorthCotabato, Southern Mindanao, Philippines. Sampling and monitoring was doneusing malaise trapping, sweep netting and direct counting techniques. A total of29 arthropod species belonging to 21 families in nine orders were documented.The collected samples were comprised of 40% insect pests, 53% predators and7% parasitoids. The three most abundant insect pests were rice bug (Leptocorisaoratorius), rice seedling maggot (Atherigona oryzae), and pink stemborer (Sesamia inferens). The predators are dominated by lady bird beetle (Micraspis spp.), social wasp (unknown) and long-jawed spider (Tetragnatha maxillosa). Ichneumonids,Braconids and Tachinids, though in smaller numbers, were present throughoutthe cropping season. More importantly, the study reported the presence of four rice stem borer species – Scirpophaga innotta, Scirpophaga incertulas, Sesamia infere and Chilo suppressalis and two rice grain bug species – Paraeucosmetuspallicornis and Elasmolomus sordidus in Matalam. The occurrence, compositionand abundance of insect pests and associated natural enemies vary with ricegrowth and developmental stages. The negative Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r= -0.31) between the insect pests and natural enemies was attributed to effectivecultural management practices which have been developed through decades ofsubsistence upland rice farming.Keywords: Ecology, aboveground arthropods, upland rice agro-ecosystem, sampling andmonitoring, Philippines

scholarly journals Bio-ecology of Slender Black Rice Bug, Paraeucosmetus pallicornis in South Sulawesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 648
Author(s):  
Rahmini Rahmini ◽  
Dede Munawar ◽  
Wasis Senoaji ◽  
Yuliantoro Baliadi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Rice Bug ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
Yellow Sticky Trap ◽  
Planting Season

A study on the bio-ecology of slender black rice bug, Paraeucosmetus pallicornis, was conducted in the research farm of Lolit Tungro, Lanrang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This pest is considered as new rice pest, attacking rice plant especially during generative stage. This pest inserts its stylet and then sucks the sap of the developing rice grain. Light trap was used  to catch this pest. Yellow sticky trap and pitfall trap were used to determine the insect population and to find out when the pest infests the plant. Fifteen yellow sticky traps were set diagonally on rice field, and 10 pitfall traps were placed on the ground. The traps were placed on three plots as replication. On the first week of the study, it was found that the number of captured insects from the light trap during harvesting was 193. On the 2nd to 4th weeks, during fallow stubble, the captured insects were 135 -740. In the early of May, the field started to be ploughed as preparation for the next planting season. As the result,  the number of insects captured decreased to 53 – 152 insects. The 2013 planting season was started in June. During this period, the bugs captured were only 1 – 3. This indicates that the bugs have already moved or migrated out of the rice field. The average number of eggs laid were 53.3 (1 pair), 124.8 (2 pairs), 142.5 (3 pairs), 202.3 (4 pairs), and 284 (5 pairs) and the average of hatch rate was 29.9%. The damaged rice grain was 38% grains/panicle (ranged 24.2-57.4%). This level of damage indicates that the P. pallicornis contributes to the reduction of  rice yield. Keywords: Paraeucosmetus pallicornis, rice pest

scholarly journals Analisis Perubahan Luas Lahan Sawah Berkaitan Dengan Kebutuhan Luas Lahan Sawah Di Kabupaten Aceh Besar

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
R Rusmini
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Wetland Area ◽  
The People ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Banda Aceh

Aceh Besar is one of the regency in Aceh Province which is the center of rice production who directly adjacent to the Banda Aceh regency which resulted in the conversion of rice fields for other uses. This study aims to (1) Identify wetland area in 2009 and 2014 in Aceh Besar spatially, (2) Analyze the need for wetland area in Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh to meet the needs of its population. This research was conducted from January to March 2017 in Aceh Besar. The data used was secondary data, which is obtained from related institutions. The obtained results of this study are: wetland area in 2009 as many as 19.234,05 Hectares and in 2014 as many as 19.055,79 Hectares. The result shows the change of wetland area of 178,28 Hectares and the transfer rate of function of V <0 which is equal to – 0,94%. The need for rice fields with the assumption of productivity is 1.87 tons/ha/year until 2034 covering an area of 22,267.96 hectares while the available land is 18,342.75 hectares of which rice production is used to meet the needs of the people of Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh with a population of 930,752 people, so that production experienced a deficit of 77,449.91 tons. The need of rice field is influenced by the population growth, rice grain needs, and rice grain production in ton/ha/year which influenced by the productivity and planting intensity

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