scholarly journals Priority directions to improve the efficiency of swine production in agricultural enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
A. Pidhornyj
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
System Development ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Category Effect ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Efficiency Criterion ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises

It was established that the increase of the enterprise efficiency is one of the fundamental problems of both economic theory and management theory. Activity efficiency is the leading criterion of sustainable enterprise development and the target indicator at any stage of its development. The study of the enterprise operation efficiency and its regularities and trends also requires a comprehensive study of causal relationships in the economy, their interdependence and interconnection. It is proved that the category of "economic efficiency" is not only the most generalizing concept, but also considered as a complex socio-economic category of reproduction, which characterizes the processes of productive forces development and industrial relations. It should be claimed that the concept of "efficiency" in relation to the processes of functioning and macroeconomic system development is ambiguous and controversial. The multilevel model of the macroeconomic system effectiveness allows us to consider the effectiveness of its various aspects, to systematize the essential understanding of effectiveness, depending on the peculiarities of its development. We believe that in the theoretical and methodological sense, the category of production efficiency is an integral system of market relations in order to obtain the highest return on aggregate expenditures and the greatest cost savings of social labor, the system-forming features of which are human capital, fixed capital and material costs. To sum up, the above-mentioned in the aspect of determining the efficiency criterion, we believe that efficient production of pork in agricultural enterprises will be achieved under the following conditions: maximum possible volume production of quality and safe products with the optimal amount of resources and regulatory losses at different stages of production; taking into account the social component of production (full satisfaction of the population needs in pig products in accordance with reasonable norms, ensuring the development of rural areas in order to minimize the differences in living standards of rural and urban population); taking into account the environmental component of production (minimizing the negative impact on the state of the environment, adhering to environmental requirements in the production of products, utilizing waste, etc.), as well as achieving the profitability level, which will ensure extended reproduction (more than 20% annually). Key words: efficiency, enterprise, category, effect, production and economic activity.

scholarly journals Problems of socio-economic development and ways to improve it for rural areas in Lviv region

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (98) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
R. Grabovsky ◽  
M. Dorosh-Kizym ◽  
M. Dorosh ◽  
R. Dudyak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Socio Economic Development

For a long time the issue of socio-economic development of rural areas, which have their characteristics, has not lost its relevance but also is united by common unsolvable problems that restrict their development in Ukraine. The socio-economic decline of the village can not only reduce economic performance in agriculture but will also have a negative impact on depopulation, environmental deterioration, reduce the efficiency of natural resources, as well as the destruction of the cultural environment. The article presents the results of a study of the socio-economic situation in rural areas, analysis of economic and environmental indicators of the use of agricultural resources in the production of crop and livestock products in villages by different categories of producers. The publication provides information on the profitability of production in agricultural formations from 2010 to 2020. It has been established that the reason for the lack of growth in production in households is the irrational and economically unjustified use of resources and the lack of modern technologies. The publication also reveals the trends in the production output of livestock and crop production by different categories of producers. The indicators of production profitability were analyzed by agricultural enterprises during 2010-2020. The ways and means of improving the situation of using the natural resources by private agricultural enterprises, increasing economic indicators in the rural sector, and increasing production in agricultural enterprises are given. The results of the previous research show the possibilities and prospects for the implementation of the economic potential of rural areas based on the efficient and economically structured governance on the given territories. In addition, in modern realities, there may be an inflow to the mainstream of the investment climate due to the process of decentralization of the local government, receiving investment in the community, and, the increasing of the economy as a result. The research has shown that the development of social and economic infrastructure depends on investment activity.

scholarly journals Tools of Financial Support for Agriculture Lending in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Nataliya Trusova ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Radchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Study Results ◽  
European Investment

In the course of their activities, almost every business entity faces the problem of lack of own funds. This problem is especially acute in the agricultural sector. The constraining factor in the development of bank lending to agricultural enterprises, as always, is the high cost of credit resources and significant collateral requirements, which are often not enough to cover the credit obligations of borrowers. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of lending to agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and to substantiate the modern instruments of financial support of crediting of agrarian sphere. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the efficiency of agricultural enterprises, depending on their size; the structure of financial resources is analyzed and the dependence on external sources of financing is proved; an assessment of the dynamics of the volume of credit investments in the agricultural sector. Study results show that the price factor has a negative impact on the formation of credit relations of agricultural enterprises with banking institutions. According to the authors, the promising instruments of financial support for lending to agricultural enterprises include programs of cooperation with international financial organizations, including the European Investment Bank and the German-Ukrainian Fund. It was established that in Ukraine agricultural enterprises are given ample opportunities to attract credit resources. In order to intensify the lending process, it is important to continue the process of improving the mechanism of forming the value of credit resources and to start work on solving the problematic issues of securing credit obligations by agricultural enterprises. On the other hand, agricultural enterprises must work to increase their own investment attractiveness – to form a positive image; to maintain the financial stability of enterprises at the appropriate level; to develop the organizational and financial culture of the enterprise; increase production efficiency; to improve methodological approaches to drawing up business plans taking into account the requirements of international financial organizations, etc.

scholarly journals PROMISING TECHNOLOGIES OF INTELLIGENT AGRICULTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Boris Aleksandrovich Voronin ◽  
Yana Viktorovna Voronina
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Strategic Integration ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Smart Agriculture

The personnel-to-be for agricultural enterprises mostly live in rural areas. Therefore, it is important to create conditions for the intellectual development of young people in rural schools, which is the subject of the study in this article. Digitalization, creating conditions for the development of "smart agriculture", undoubtedly affects the progress in agricultural relations, but the main emphasis should be placed on the human resource of agriculture. Now it is necessary to develop a system of personnel retraining, to organize the labor discipline of rural residents in small forms of management, to find alternative forms for the production activities of the rural population. Promising technologies of "intelligent" agriculture will ensure effective environmentally safe pest control, will contribute to the restoration and preservation of useful properties of soils and groundwater, and with the help of these technologies, compliance with the certification requirements of organic agriculture will be constantly monitored. hus, the main goal of the personnel policy in the field of agriculture is the timely selection of highly qualified personnel, the development of human capital, the increase in human production efficiency through informatization and modernization of production in each individual agricultural enterprise.Setting Strategic integration is necessary to give the integrity of the overall organizational strategy to develop a personnel strategy. The overall goal of this process is to ensure the intellectualization of human capital and the transition to digital agriculture.

scholarly journals Design and experiment of multi-mode steering system of agricultural machinery for hilly and mountainous area

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781402110348
Author(s):  
Kai Hu ◽  
Wenyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
System Development ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinders ◽  
Multi Mode

In order to improve the steering flexibility of agricultural machinery in hilly and mountainous areas, a multi-mode steering system with front wheel steering, rear wheel steering, and four-wheel steering has been developed. The hydraulic steering system based on load sensitivity principle and proportion-integration-differentiation (PID) controlling algorithm was designed, which overcomes the negative impact of external load changes on flow control accuracy. The mechanical-hydraulic-controlling coupling model established in the AMESim and the sequential quadratic combinatorial optimization algorithm (SQCOA) was adopted to obtain the optimal combination of PID parameters. The simulation results demonstrate that the parameters such as pressure, speed, displacement of hydraulic cylinders, etc. in different steering modes meet the design requirements. To examine and verify the system performance, the test platform was researched and developed for conducting steering radius and displacement measurement. The experimental data illustrated that the front and rear hydraulic cylinders have good synchronization accuracy in four-wheel steering mode, and the fast switch of steering mode can be realized. The maximum error rate of is steering radius 4.21% and 3.77%, respectively, in two-wheel steering and four-wheel steering modes. The research methods and conclusions can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the other steering system development.

scholarly journals Pigment Production under Cold Stress in the Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Supakorn Potijun ◽  
Chonlada Yaisamlee ◽  
Anchalee Sirikhachornkit
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Stress Acclimation ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽  
In The Wild

Microalgae have long been used for the commercial production of natural colorants such as carotenoids and chlorophyll. Due to the rising demand for carotenoids and other natural products from microalgae, strategies to increase production efficiency are urgently needed. The production of microalgal biorefineries has been limited to countries with moderate climates. For countries with cooler climates and less daylight, methodologies for the efficient production of microalgal biorefineries need to be investigated. Algal strains that can be safely consumed as whole cells are also attractive alternatives for developing as carotenoid supplements, which can also contain other compounds with health benefits. Using such strains helps to eliminate the need for hazardous solvents for extraction and several other complicated steps. In this study, the mesophilic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was employed to study the effects of cold stress on cell physiology and the production of pigments and storage compounds. The results showed that temperatures between 10 and 20 °C induced carotenoid and chlorophyll accumulation in the wild-type strain of C. reinhardtii. Interestingly, the increased level of carotenoids suggested that they might play a crucial role in cold stress acclimation. A temperature of 15 °C resulted in the highest carotenoid and chlorophyll productivity. At this temperature, carotenoid and chlorophyll productivity was 2 times and 1.3 times higher than at 25 °C, respectively. Subjecting a mutant defective in lutein and zeaxanthin accumulation to cold stress revealed that these two carotenoids are not essential for cold stress survival. Therefore, cold temperature could be used as a strategy to induce and increase the productivity of pigments in C. reinhardtii.

The Persistence of Subsistence and the Limits to Development Studies: The Challenge of Tanzania

Africa ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Waters
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Third World ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
System Development ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
World System ◽  
Development Studies ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Rural Tanzania

AbstractThere are two general approaches to assessing what is known as ‘development’. First, there are classical accounts focusing on Europe's development during the industrial revolution. They describe how urban areas expanded at the expense of the social and economic resources of the rural areas, disrupting an independent subsistence peasantry. A major consequence is that today all Europeans are dependent socially, politically, and economically on the modern capitalist system. The second (more common) approach to development focuses on the modern Third World. This approach assumes that, as with Europe, the entire Third World is dependent on the modern capitalist system. Development studies focus on the assessment of how Third World countries can most effectively engage world capitalism. Discussion is typically reduced to comparisons between world systems theory and neoclassical economics. The Tanzanian government has used standard policies grounded in neoclassical and world‐system assumptions since independence. But both policies failed to produce the predicted economic growth. This article argues that both policies failed because the Tanzanian peasantry, like the early modern European peasantry, is not dependent on the operation of world capitalism for basic subsistence. In fact, as studies have shown, rural Tanzania is only weakly incorporated into the capitalist world system, and in consequence has not been an easy target for what world‐system theorists call ‘peripheral integration’. What makes Tanzania different is the fact that the rural peasantry do not use market mechanisms in the distribution of the ‘means of production’, especially arable land for swidden agriculture, or, for that matter, labour or cattle.

Medical readiness: evaluating the robustness of medical clinic staffing solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-419
Author(s):  
Michael Q Corpuz ◽  
Christina F Rusnock ◽  
Vhance V Valencia ◽  
Kyle Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wait Times ◽  
Staffing Mix

Medical readiness requires Department of Defense medical clinics to be robust to changes in patient demand. Minor fluctuations in patient demand occur on a regular basis, but major increases can also occur. Major demand increases can result from a number of occurrences, including mass military deployments, medical incidents, outbreaks, and overflow from Veterans’ Affairs clinics. This research evaluates a system of clinics at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in order to determine its ability to handle a 200% surge in patient demand. In addition, this study evaluates the relative effectiveness of six different staffing mix options to minimize patient wait times, also under the surge demand conditions. This evaluation is conducted using discrete-event simulation to estimate patient wait times and includes a sensitivity analysis of the increased patient demand, as well as a cost–benefit analysis to determine the most cost-effective alternative scenario. The study finds that adjustments to staffing mix enable cost savings while meeting current demands. In addition, the study finds that adjusting the staffing mix will not have a negative impact on patient wait time in the surge conditions, relative to the current staffing mix.

scholarly journals LEGACY OF PATRIARCHAL GOD AND THE POLITICS OF MYTH-MAKING: LOCATING THE GENDERED POSITION IN RELIGIOUS VISUAL ART

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Abhijit Maity
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Male Counterpart ◽  
The Family ◽  
Women In India

This essay discusses how the imagination of women in India is framed up by the gender-biased mythical representations. By looking at the mythical representations that are circulated through centuries in many popular mages, paintings and calendar-portraits, a discursive pattern can be found that has positioned women in a secondary level, belonging to men. The family itself becomes a political site in the process of normalizing women’s submissiveness to men by comparing their actions with the Goddesses. By interrogating the gendered position of Goddess like Lakshmi and her male counterpart Lord Vishnu, this essay attempts to problematize with the mode of representation in religious visual images. I conclude by arguing that these religious representations in visual images have negative impact on the Hindu women, especially, in rural areas and thus keep the unhealthy gender role intact in Indian society.

scholarly journals Mental health disorders among students from rural areas three months after returning to school: a cross-sectional study among Polish students (12-13 y.o.)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Długosz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Returning To School

Abstract: Background: All over the world, the negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on children and adolescents’ mental health is observed. The conducted research aims to verify whether returning to schools, to the education inside the classroom in the company of their peers, improved or undermined the students’ mental health. Metods: The study was carried out on a sample of students inhabiting rural areas in a borderland region. The research sample was collected using purposive sampling and consisted of 552 respondents from 7th and 8th grades of primary school. An auditorium questionnaire was used to gather the research material. Results: Three months after returning to school, the students are in a bad mental condition. 61% of the respondents are satisfied with their lives, 52% of the respondents show symptoms of depression measured with the WHO-5 index, whereas 85% of them have average and high stress levels as measured with the PSSC scale. Higher levels of mental disorders was observed among females, the students inhabiting villages and evaluating their financial status as worse. Conclusions: Returning to schools failed to have a positive impact on the students’ mental health. Disorders occurring at a large scale will have a negative influence on the students’ performance and hinder their re-adaptation to school. Educational authorities shall immediately provide the students with support and monitor the situation in the next months.

scholarly journals HERZEGOVINIAN TOBACCO HERITAGE: THE FLOURISHING OF PRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT SMAGGLING AND FOREMOST SMUGGLING ROUTES

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 69-94
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Production Development ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tobacco Cultivation

This article analyzes the historical - geographical features and changes in tobacco cultivation in Herzegovina (region of Bosnia and Herzegovina), for a period of 17 century until the late 20th century. The aim of this paper is to investigate the importance of tobacco, both in terms of economic and social significance, and the valorization of rural areas in Herzegovina. Special attention was paid to the smuggling of products, focusing on the time and route of smuggling routes. During the Austro - Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the most important period for the production of tobacco and the social and economic prosperity in rural areas, but also smuggling tobacco during this period, and the most intense, and the fight against it. In this period began in the industrial processing of tobacco and manufacturing cigarettes. Since the 1970s appears outflow of population from rural to industrial centers, both locally and in Western European countries. It happens layering the villages, leaving the agricultural lands and start a negative impact on agricultural production which causes the marginalization of tobacco production.

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