scholarly journals A Review on COVID-19: Origin, Spread, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 7234-7242 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Coronavirus ◽  
Death Cases

A novel type of coronavirus, identified as 2019-nCoV or COVID-19, appeared in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and continued to spread in 2020. On January 24th, 2020, about 830 cases were reported in nine countries, namely: China, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, South Korea, Nepal, Vietnam, the United States, and Taiwan. Also, about 26 confirmed deaths have been recorded, especially for patients with serious underlying diseases. On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. Until June 3rd, 2020, this outbreak virus caused over 6,500,000 detected infection cases in 210 countries and territories and around 383,000 confirmed death cases. Although information about the appearance of the virus, i.e., its origin and capacity to spread among people, is still unclear, there are growing numbers of cases that are occurring from the communication of infected people with uninfected ones. 2019-nCoV is the third coronavirus which was detected in humans in the past two decades, after SARS-CoV and Middle Eastern Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that appeared in 2002 and 2012, respectively. In this review, we summarized the up-to-date information regarding COVID-19’s origin, ways of spread, patients’ symptoms, treatment, and prevention.

scholarly journals The Rises of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) death rate in Japan with high PM2.5

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Nawahda
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Air Quality Guidelines ◽  
Respiratory Coronavirus ◽  
Death Cases

Abstract Currently vulnerable age groups in most countries are affected by the respiratory -coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Long-term-exposure to high levels of PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5μm) is also associated positively with repository deaths. The aim of this study is to find if high PM2.5 levels affect COVID-19 caused deaths in Japan. COVID-19 caused death and tested positive cases in all prefectures during the study period from Feb. 18 up to Apr. 16, 2020 are analyzed. PM2.5 caused deaths from 2010 to 2017 are calculated based on PM2.5-relative risk (RR) of 1.04 (95% CI: 1.01 – 1.08) from the World Health Organization-Air Quality Guidelines (WHO–AQG). The findings of this study show that old people who are living in prefectures with high levels of PM2.5 are the most vulnerable to COVID-19. The estimated death cases from 2010 to 2017 are about 115,532 (95% CI: 28,883 - 231,064) cases. Thus; policy decision makers could consider PM2.5 data to support their efforts not only to minimize the spread of COVID-19, but also to improve air quality.

DAMPAK COVID -19 TERHADAP PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Miftahul Ulfah
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
World Health ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Even Order ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACTThe spreading of a new corona virus named Covid-19 has caused so many death tolls to almost all countries in the world. Researchers suspect that this virus originated from the traditional market in China's Wuhan City selling a wide variety of fresh wet animals traded for consumption, including bats and pangolins which ultimately transmit the virus to humans. The World Health Organization has confirmed that Covid-19 transmission through droplets or sparks from infected people through talking, sneezing or coughing. With such causes, world governments recommend and even order the citizens to always maintain health and hygiene by washing hands, wearing masks, and covering mouths when sneezing or coughing. While in Islam, there are also procedures for behaving to maintain health and cleanliness. This literature study used qualitative method to examine the relevance of the global pandemic to the Islamic character education. This study then found that the influence of Covid-19 on the application of character education and Islamic education. This conclusion could be seen from the factors that influence the majority of characters carried out during the Covid-19 plague including instincts, habits, wills and conscience.Keywords: Application, Character Education, Covid-19, Islamic Education

scholarly journals Between “Essential Services” and Culpable Homicide

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 129-151
Author(s):  
Danielle N. Boaz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared covid-19—the disease caused by the novel coronavirus—a global pandemic. As this coronavirus spread throughout the world, most countries implemented restrictions on public gatherings that greatly limited religious communities’ ability to engage in collective worship. Some religious leaders objected to these regulations, opining that faith would spare their congregants from illness or that their religious freedom is paramount to public health. Meanwhile, growing numbers of covid-19 infections were being traced back to religious leaders or gatherings. This article explores how governments have balanced freedom of worship and public health during the 2020 pandemic. Through the comparison of controversies in South Korea, India, Brazil and the United States, it highlights the paradoxes in debates about whether to hold religious communities accountable for the spread of this highly contagious and deadly disease.

scholarly journals Institutional and news media denominations of COVID-19 and its causative virus: Between naming policies and naming politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-652
Author(s):  
Fernando Prieto-Ramos ◽  
Jiamin Pei ◽  
Le Cheng
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
News Media ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Washington Post ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Organization

From the beginning of the COVID-19 global pandemic, it became clear that the practices of naming the disease, its nature and its handling by the health authorities, the news media and the politicians had social and ideological implications. This article presents a sociosemiotic study of such practices as reflected in a corpus of headlines of eight newspapers of four countries in the early stages of the COVID-19 crisis. After an analysis of the institutional naming choices of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, the study focuses on the changes in newspapers’ naming patterns following the WHO’s announcement of the disease name on 11 February 2020. A subsequent political controversy related to naming in the United States is then examined in reports of The New York Times and The Washington Post as a further illustration of how public discourses and perceptions can rapidly evolve in the context of health crises.

scholarly journals Update on the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Global Pandemic Challenge

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar Soni
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Therapeutic Algorithms ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Death Cases

The 2019 novel coronavirus (previously 2019-nCoV) or coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has been summarized as on March 29, 2020. COVID-19 is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SERS-CoV-2). The disease was first seen during an outbreak in Wuhan, China and continuous spreading from human to human around the sphere. The disease is uncontrolled and increasing the death toll through. The world is facing a global challenge to protect human lives caused by coronavirus outbreak. The number of infected patients is increasing day by day due to COVID-19 as a pandemic. The world health organization (WHO) has declared global public health emergency on January 30, 2020. The disease has been spread around 201 countries with total confirmed cases 634835 and death cases 29891 as on March 29, 2020. The goal of this review to summaries and update the clinical/medical features and suggestions for diagnosis of the COVID-19 as a pandemic. The discussion of the various therapeutic algorithms, risk, prevention and control based on the latest reports has been provided.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Iraqi Community: a descriptive study based on data reported from the Ministry of Health in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (09) ◽  
pp. 1244-1251
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hadi Ali Al-Jumaili
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Death Cases

Introduction: Coronavirus is a new pandemic disease that has emerged in Wuhan, China, and then spreads around the world. The cases number of the COVID-19, which have been daily reported in Iraq, has risen slowly. However, no confirmed study has been undertaken to evaluate the situation of the COVID-19 in concerning the confirmed cases, death cases, and recovered. Methodology: The current study is undertaken to describe and assess the COVID-19 of the present situation in Iraq out of the range of the confirmed, deaths and recovered cases from the date 21 February to 30 April 2020 in Iraq. Results: The study findings have revealed that there is a gradual increase of COVID-19 cases onwards until the top peak in 7th Apr. in which the cases reach 684, then decrease regularly. The total infected people of the study scope is 2085 persons according to the Ministry of Health in Iraq, while the World Health Organization (WHO) states 2003 person. The spatial distribution quantile map showed the hot spots in the province of Babylon, Maysan, and Diyala. However, less was found in three provinces (Nineveh, Salahaddin, and Al Anbar). The result shows that 39% recovered and 3% death cases out of total infected people. Conclusions: COVID-19 in Iraq comes to be limited via the procedures of Iraqi government. However, the infected people will be increased gradually and many international reports that predict the end of this pandemic in the world will be doubtful as there are many vaccines developed and under development which led to reduce to effect of this pandemic.

A Research of Medical Ethics and Bioethics Topics and Keywords in Major Databases in Two Period Time: 1918-1919 Spanish Flu Pandemic and 2020 Novel Coronavirus Pandemic – Main Values and Social Needs

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
George Cristian Curca ◽  
◽  
Ruxadra Ioana Țurlea ◽  
Larisa Udriștioiu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

"The World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, has declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic. But in the last 130 years mankind overpassed 5 major pandemic times. We noticed that bioethics has been born at the twilight of the Tuskagee experiment in 1972-1979 the period, needed for the federal research and Belmont report issue. Therefore, Spanish flu pandemic did not benefit from bioethics insights but medical ethics and Hippocrates Oath however influenced doctor’s professional ethics. We compare 1918-1919 topics of medical ethics for Spanish flu with 2020 for Coronavirus. We found out that PubMed (nih.gov) recognize some 8 issues for “medical ethics” and “Spanish flu” v. 792 for “medical ethics” and “coronavirus”, this is 100 times more. Most frequent key words are researched. Also, there are researched major moral values and bioethical principles that are at stack in pandemic time in order to improve our reactivity and adaptability to such global health problems. The question is that in Spanish flu pandemic when bioethics was not yet an important approach for diversity of values as it is now in 2020 coronavirus pandemic, society and medical system during the First World War was less prepared for ethical solutions of treatment and prevention of a pandemics disease than today. Responsibility, equity and justice must prevail for the treatment and for prevention. Ethics of scarce resources allocation brings the most complicate questions and require for a holistic approach and equity. "

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease-19 Outbreaks In Iraq: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aljumaili
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Death Cases

Abstract Coronavirus is a new pandemic disease that has emerged in Wuhan, China, and then spreads around the world. The cases number of the COVID-19, which have been daily reported in Iraq, has risen slowly. However, no confirmed study has been undertaken to evaluate the situation of the COVID-19 in concerning the confirmed cases, death cases, and recovered. The current study is undertaken to describe and assess the COVID-19 of the present situation in Iraq out of the range of the confirmed, deaths and recovered cases from the date 21 February to 30 April 2020 in Iraq. The study findings have revealed that there is a gradual increase of COVID-19 cases onwards until the top peak in 7th Apr. in which the cases reach 684, then decrease regularly. The total infected people of the study scope is 2085 persons according to the Ministry of Health in Iraq, while the world health organization (WHO) states 2003 person. The spatial distribution quantile map showed the hot spots in the province of Babylon, Maysan, and Diyala. However, less was found in three provinces (Nineveh, Salahaddin, and Al Anbar). The result shows that 66.9% recovered and 4.6% death cases out of total infected people. According to the procedures of Iraqi government, and many international reports that predict the end of this pandemic in the world will be doubtful as there is many vaccine under development.

scholarly journals Coronaviruses in animals and humans, COVID-19 pandemic and one health approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Mahesh K.C. ◽  
Shristi Ghimire ◽  
Namita Bhattarai ◽  
Santosh Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
World Health ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Virus World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Respiratory Coronavirus

Coronaviruses can infect several animal species including cattle, pigs, dogs, and cats resulting in diseases related to respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. In humans, coronaviruses generally cause mild to moderate illnesses of the respiratory tract. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which emerged during 2002/03 and 2012/13 respectively, caused severe respiratory illnesses in humans. In December 2019, a novel respiratory coronavirus, SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from Wuhan, China and caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Owing to the rapid spread of this virus, World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic, which claimed over 300,000 lives by 16th May 2020. Data available so far indicate that COVID-19-associated severe illnesses, hospitalizations and deaths are more common in elderly above 65 years of age; in men; and in individuals with underlying health conditions such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes. SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be emerged from bats and likely involved certain, yet to be identified, intermediate animal host. Prevention and control of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and possible disease outbreaks in the future by other emerging and reemerging pathogens, requires efficient implementation of one health strategy that utilizes the expertise of human, animal and environmental health sectors.

scholarly journals Innovative strategies for managing swine welfare during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Johnson ◽  
C Rademacher ◽  
J Eggers ◽  
N Gabler ◽  
L Greiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Supply Chain Disruptions ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Alternative Markets ◽  
Industry Center ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020 by the World Health Organization and its impact on animal agriculture in the United States was undeniable. By April, COVID-19 resulted in the simultaneous closure or reduced operations of many meat processing plants in the upper Midwest, leading to supply chain disruptions. In Iowa, the leading pork production and processing state, these disruptions caused producer uncertainty, confusion, and stress, including time-sensitive challenges for maintaining animal care. The Iowa Resource Coordination Center (IRCC) was quickly created and launched from the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship (IDALS). The IRCC included public representation from the Iowa Pork Producers Association (IPPA), Iowa Pork Industry Center (IPIC), and Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, and private partners including producers, veterinarians, and technical specialists. Supporting swine welfare, the IRCC provided information on management strategies, dietary alterations to slow pig growth, alternative markets, on-farm euthanasia, and mass depopulation under veterinary oversight. In a crisis, Iowa created a model that reacted to producers’ pragmatic, mental and emotional needs. This model could be quickly replicated with an introduction of a foreign animal disease.

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