scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Palm-based Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose for Application in Food Additive

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 13053-13063
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Wide Range

In this study, α-Cellulose extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) was used as the raw material for producing different grade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). For the conversion into carboxymethyl cellulose, the α-cellulose was subjected to an etherification process, using sodium hydroxide and monochloroacetic acid (MCAA), with isopropanol as a supportive medium. The calculated CMC yield from cellulose ranged from 115.43% to 149.35%. The results indicated that the concentration of NaOH did affect the properties of produced CMC. At higher concentrations of alkali, NaOH reacts with sodium monochloroacetate to form sodium glycolate, which leads to low purity of CMC produced. CMC's purity was increase with increasing the alkali concentration from 25 to 30% of NaOH and then decreased slightly. At a low concentration of 25 % of NaOH solutions, the DS value is higher, while the DS value decreases when the NaOH concentration increases to 35 %. The produced CMC was having a wide range of viscosity depend on temperature and CMC concentration. These optimization factors allowed CMC high purity, providing plenty of opportunities for its multi-application and could be exploited as food additives.

scholarly journals POTENSI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PUPUK ORGANIK (Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) As Raw Materials Organic Fertilizer)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
I Dewa Gede Putra Prabawa
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Oil palm empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth have not been widely used, especially in South Kalimantan. These materials were known containing macro elements that are needed by plants. This research was conducted to study potential of oil palm empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth as raw material for organic fertilizer. The effect of ashing temperature variations (500°C; 750°C; 1000°C) on the macro nutrients content (N, P2O5, and K2O) have been studied. The result showed that the characterization of empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth have the highest P2O5 and K2O content, whereas the content of nitrogen was still lowest. The treatment of ashing temperature was effect on improve total content of N, P2O5 and K2O. The highest nitrogen contents in empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth obtained on ashing temperature 500oC. The highest P2O5 contents in empty fruit bunches obtained on ashing temperature 1000oC and water hyacinth obtained on ashing temperature 750oC. The highest K2O contents in empty fruit bunches obtained on ashing temperature 750oC and water hyacinth obtained on ashing temperature 500oC. Ash of oil palm empty fruit bunches and water hyacinth was potentially as a source of nutrients P2O5 and K2O for organic fertilizer, but less potential as a source of nitrogen.Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunches, water hyacinth, raw material, organic fertilizer

scholarly journals Screening and characterization of cellulolytic molds from empty fruit bunches and soils in palm oil plantation area in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Miller ◽  
Diana Elizabeth Waturangi ◽  
Tresnawati Purwadaria
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Cmcase Activity

Abstract Objective This research was aimed to isolate cellulolytic molds in empty fruit bunches of oil palm (EFBOP) and soils from palm oil plantation area and identify their enzyme activities to digest EFBOP. Results A total of seven molds were successfully isolated and screened for their enzyme activities from EFBOP and the soils. The enzymes from each isolate were produced in submerged culture using Mineral Mandels and 3% of alkali pretreated pollard in triplicates. The results indicated that all of the isolates were able to hydrolyze Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), Whatmann No. 1 filter paper, and also EFBOP to sugars with reducing ends that reacted to 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS). The CMCase activity of isolate X showed the highest while the lowest was found for isolate MT8. Filter paperase (FPase) activity of isolate X performed the highest wile the lowest were found from isolate MT3 and MT6. The saccharification activity of isolate P showed the highest while MT6 performed the lowest activity

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

BioResources ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Nazir ◽  
Bambang Air Wahjoedi ◽  
Abdul Wahid Yussof ◽  
Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

scholarly journals Production of Acetyl Cellulose from Agricultural Waste of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2725-2728
Author(s):  
S.D. Yuwono ◽  
D.A. Iryani ◽  
C. Gusti ◽  
Suharto ◽  
Buhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

In Indonesia especially in Lampung Province, there are a lot of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) as an organic material waste. OPEFB is relatively inexpensive lignocellulose material as raw material of cellulose acetate or acetyl cellulose. In a business to bigger added value out of these natural renewable materials, the production of the acetyl cellulose was performed well by the acetylation of cellulose from OPEFB using different methods. These were extensively characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that the acetyl cellulose resulted showed similar properties to cotton acetyl cellulose. Degree of substitution of the resultant acetyl cellulose from different methods was improved from 1.86 to 2.60.

GASIFICATION OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES (OPEFB) BRIQUETTES FOR BIO-SYNGAS PRODUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (8-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma ◽  
Arshad Ahmad ◽  
Anwar Johari ◽  
Tuan A. T. Abdullah ◽  
Olagoke Oladokun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Fluidized Bed Gasifier ◽  
Bed Agglomeration ◽  
Solid Biomass Fuel ◽  
Solid Biomass

Gasification of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) briquettes was investigated in an air blown 4.5 kW allothermal fluidized bed gasifier to examine the effects of bed temperature (600 – 800 °C) and equivalence ratio (λ = 0.25) on bio-syngas yield and composition. In addition, physicochemical and thermochemical characterization of the fuel properties of the OPEFB briquettes were also examined. The results demonstrate that pelletization improved the solid biomass fuel (SBF) properties of OPEFB including moisture content and higher heating value (HHV). The gasification of OPEFB briquettes produced bio-syngas comprising H2, CO, CO2, CH4 as well as solid biochar with a HHV higher than the original OPEFB briquettes. The highest yield of H2 was obtained at 600 °C while HHV of the bio-syngas was within the range 4 - 8 MJ/Nm3 for air gasification in fluidized bed gasifiers. In addition, agglomeration of bed materials did not occur during OPEFB briquettes gasification despite its high bed agglomeration potential (BAP). In conclusion, the gasification of OPEFB briquettes into bio-syngas and biochar is a practical route for bioenergy production in Malaysia

scholarly journals Produksi dan karakterisasi lakase Omphalina sp. Production and characterization of Omphalina sp. laccase

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. SISWANTO ◽  
. SUHARYANTO ◽  
Rossy FITRIA
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Research Result ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Laccase Enzyme

SummaryOmphalina sp. a white-rot fungi (WRF)originated from oil palm plantation has abilityto degrade empty fruit bunches of oil palm(EFBOP) so that it is expected to producelaccase with high activity. The ability ofOmphalina sp. to produce laccase enzyme onliquid fermentation will be studied. The enzymewill also be partially purified andcharacterized. The research result showed thatthe highest enzyme activity (1.162 U/mL) wasobtained using glucose malt yeast (GMY)medium at room temperature for four days.The addition of 2,5-xylidine as an inducerproduced laccase earlier i.e two days, but theactivity of laccase was less active afterprolonged incubation compared to that ofcontrol. The laccase produced on mediumcontaining 2% EFBOP reached optimumactivity as much as 0.38 U/mL after 10 th daysof incubation. Partial purification of laccaseon Sephacryl S-200 HR column resulted58.23% of yield recovery with twice purity thanbefore. The optimum pH of laccase was 4.5.Laccase activity was stable even after heatedon 50 o C for 30 minutes, but then decreasedwhen heated until 60 o C. The laccase has K Mand V max as much as 0.15 mM and 0.56 U/mLrespectively.RingkasanOmphalina sp., adalah fungi pelapuk putih(FPP) hasil isolasi dari kebun kelapa sawityang diketahui mampu mendegradasi tandankosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan cepatsehingga diharapkan mampu menghasilkanlakase dengan aktivitas tinggi. KemampuanOmphalina sp. menghasilkan enzim lakasepada fermentasi cair akan dipelajari. Selain itu,lakase yang dihasilkan akan dimurnikan secaraparsial serta dilakukan karakterisasi pH, suhu,dan konsentrasi substrat optimum. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa Omphalina sp.menghasilkan lakase dengan aktivitas tertinggi(1,162 U/mL) pada medium glucose malt yeast(GMY) yang diinkubasikan pada suhu ruangselama empat hari. Penambahan 2,5-xilidinsebagai induser mempercepat produksi lakaselebih awal yaitu dalam waktu dua hari, namunaktivitasnya masih lebih rendah dibandingkandengan kontrol pada inkubasi lebih lanjut.Lakase dari Omphalina sp. juga dapatdiproduksi pada medium yang mengandung2% TKKS dan aktivitasnya mencapai0,38 U/mL yang diinkubasi dalam suhu ruangselama 10 hari. Pemurnian parsial pada kolomSephacryl S-200 HR menghasilkan rendemensebesar 58,23% dengan kemurnian dua kalinya.Aktivitas lakase optimum pada pH 4,5 dantetap stabil setelah pemanasan selama 30 menitpada suhu ruang hingga 50 o C dan menuruntajam pada suhu 60 o C. Lakase Omphalina sp.menghasilkan nilai K M dan V maks masing-masing sebesar 0,15 mM dan 0,56 U/mL.

scholarly journals Xylitol Production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) Via Simultaneous Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Efri Mardawati ◽  
Nadya Maharani ◽  
Dwi Wahyudha Wira ◽  
Budi Mandra Harahap ◽  
Tri Yuliana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Xylitol Production ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Ssf Process ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are the waste of palm oil processing and lignocellulosic biomass that can be used as raw material for xylitol production. In this research, bioconversion of xylitol using the Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) process in one reactor with a short time and could save the cost. Pretreatment requires to degrade the lignin compound with thermal pretreatment. Hydrolysis of OPEFB performs enzymatically by commercial xylanase enzyme that is Cellic Htec2 and continued with fermentation by yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. The research used experimental and descriptive analysis that covers of variation of OPEFB substrate concentration (7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) on specific growth rate (µ), the yield of xylitol and substrate utilization. The results showed that an increase of OPEFB substrate concentration affected by the increase of specific growth rates  (μ) are 0.091/h, 0.094/h, 0.095/h and 0.126/h. It also affected to the decreasing of xylitol yield on 42 hours fermentation are 0.201 g/g; 0.189 g/g; 0.170 g/g; and 0.104 g/g.

Biomass Pellets from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OP-EFB)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Rahman Farhan Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Binder Concentration

Oil Palm growths in Indonesia are getting higher every year. Oil palm plantationproduced various waste, including oil palm empty fruit bunches (OP-EFB). 95 % Indonesia energy demand still provided by the fossil fuel and only 5 % provided by renewable energy, which provide opportunity of OP-EFB biomass pellets to be utilized as alternative resource. The research of biomass still low, especially research of OP-EFB biomass pellets. Therefore, the research objectives were to determine the production process of OP-EFB and to define the most effective binder and binder ratio for the biomass pellets. This research experiments  consist of shredding, chopping, drying, grinding, and sieving as raw material pretreatment. Also, varying the binder and binder concentration of the mixture between raw materials was the part of this thesis research. The binders used in this thesis research are PVAC paste and tapioca based paste with 4 variations of concentration. The analyses of the biomass pellets characteristic are density,compressive strength, proximate analysis (moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon), calorific value, combustion rate, and gas chromatographic & mass spectroscopy (GCMS). The result shows that OP-EFB biomass pellets are qualified to be considered as biomass pellets. The most effective OP-EFB biomass pellets is biomass pellets with 10% tapioca binder concentration.

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