scholarly journals Current State of the Problem of Organizing and Conducting Medical Evacuation of Victims in Emergencies

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
N.N. Baranova ◽  
◽  
S.F. Goncharov ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Terrorist Acts

Relevance of the study. The increase in the number of natural and man-made emergencies (ChS), terrorist acts, social and armed conflicts leads to an increase in the number of victims and suffered, a shortage of medical personnel, medicines and equipment, and a delay in the provision of medical care in the conditions of failure of medical organizations (LMO). Each disaster is usually prolonged in nature, poses a danger to the social infrastructure and requires organized medical and evacuation measures. The relevance of the problem of improving the quality and efficiency of medical care and medical evacuation of victims in ChS is confirmed by the data of state reports "On the state of protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies..." for 2018-2019. The purpose of the study is to analyze the organization and conduct of medical evacuation of victims in ChS in modern conditions. Materials and methods of research. Based on the analysis of experience in organizing and conducting medical evacuation measures in emergencies, analysis of the results of scientific research on various aspects of medical evacuation of patients and victims of natural disasters, man-made accidents, terrorist acts and armed conflicts, materials on the use of digital technologies, and many years of own experience, an information search was conducted for ways to improve the medical evacuation system using technical means. Research results and their analysis. Based on the experience of eliminating the medical and sanitary consequences of known emergencies, it is shown that insufficient attention was paid to the organization and conduct of medical evacuation of victims, taking into account the principles of routing and creating a three–level system of medical care. Transfer from the hearth of emergencies to nearby hospitals, the lack of monitoring of victims, unproper routing, lack of medical air transport, weak medico-technical equipment of vehicles, lack of training and a number of other circumstances have led to a growing number of different complications and increased fatality rate among the victims in an emergency. It is concluded that the organization and conduct of medical evacuation of victims in emergencies require: high – quality application of information technologies that allow predicting routing and monitoring of victims, including using telemedicine systems; development and use of new modular kits and other medical equipment, primarily for sanitary aviation evacuation.

scholarly journals SYPHILIS IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: CONDITION OF THE ISSUE AND UNRESOLVED PROBLEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Bagretsova ◽  
A. V. Sukharev ◽  
I. M. Barsukova
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Emergency Medical Care ◽  
Serological Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Current State ◽  
Medical Process

Introduction. The development of the system of emergency medical care in emergency department inevitably brings up issues of its availability and quality. Moreover, if the leading pathological syndrome resulting in the hospitalization and threating to the patient’s life deserves priority attention, so the accompanying pathology often remains in the shadow. Thus, venereal diseases, in particular, syphilis is epidemiologically dangerous disease as for the patients having this illness and for the patients surrounding them and the medical personnel carrying out the medical process. The objective of the study was to assess the current state of the problem of medical care for patients with venereal pathology in an emergency department.Material and methods. The material for the study was the data of medical records of patients in multispecialised emergency department of St. Petersburg for 4 years: 1088 – with positive serological reaction and 4500 – without dermatovenereal pathology (DVP).Results. By the results of the research, the diagnosis of syphilis was based only on the enzyme immunoassay test for syphilis and the diagnosis of syphilis remained unspecified; the efforts to prevent the spread of syphilis in emergency department were insufficient, did not allow carrying out appropriate preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic measures.Conclusion. Development of new models and principles of the organization of the diagnostic and treatment process, including the introduction of methods of express diagnosis in emergency department is required. 

scholarly journals Main Conditions and Factors Affecting the Organization of Medical Care Delivery and Medical Evacuation in Terrorist Acts Involving Explosive Devices and Conventional Weapons

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
B.V. Bobiy ◽  
◽  
S.F. Goncharov ◽  
I.G. Titov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Conventional Weapons ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
Explosive Devices

The purpose of the study is to identify and characterize the most typical conditions and factors affecting the organization of medical care and medical evacuation of victims of terrorist attacks based on the study and analysis of the experience of eliminating the medical and sanitary consequences of terrorist acts committed on the territory of Russia with the use of explosive devices and conventional weapons. Materials and methods of research. The materials of the study were: normative and methodological documents regulating the organization of medical care and medical evacuation during terrorist acts; dispatches and reports of the territorial centres for disaster medicine on the elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of 162 terrorist acts, including 6 terrorist attacks with the capture and holding of hostages committed in 1998-2010; documents of official correspondence of the All-Russian centre for disaster medicine Zashchita on issues of medical support of the population during terrorist acts; scientific papers and publications on the research problem. When performing the research, the following methods were used: historical, content analysis, statistical, and analytical. Research results and their analysis. The following issues were considered during the research: - means of conducting terrorist activities and their application specifics; - high degree of vulnerability and damage to the population; - the nature of the object where the terrorist act was committed; - sanitary losses and their characteristics; - psychological situation, capture and holding of hostages, the presence of a threat to their lives; - terms of elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of terrorist attacks; - the needs and capabilities of medical organizations (LMO) of the regions in delivery of medical assistance to victims of terrorist attacks; - needs and capabilities of LMO of the regions in medical evacuation; - features of the organization and conduct of measures to eliminate the consequences of terrorist acts. Based on the results of the analysis of the experience in liquidation of medical-sanitary consequences of terrorist attacks, as well as analysis of basic conditions and factors influencing the organization of medical care and conduct of medical evacuation, the methodical approaches are suggested: to comprehensive assessment of conditions and factors typical for terrorist attacks with use of explosive devices and conventional weapons; to use of medical-and-evacuation characteristics of victims in the organization of medical care and conduct of medical evacuation; to increase the readiness of the regional health sector in facing the challenges of liquidation of medical and sanitary consequences of terrorist attacks.

scholarly journals Neurobiology of fine motor skills. Up-to-date status

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
D. Khramtsov ◽  
A. Stoyanov ◽  
N. Starikova ◽  
V. Sazonov
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Current State ◽  
Motor Deficiency ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Models ◽  
Interdisciplinary Integration

The main goal of the current overview is to assess major trends in studying of fine motor skills neurobiology.Materials and techniques. PubMed (MedLine), Embase databases have been used for Information search. Search depth is 5 years (2016 – 2021). 12 papers that are more relevant to the topic have been chosen from the primary paper array (n=49). MAXQDA (Verbi Software GmbH, Germany) has been used for content analysis.Results and discussion. The current state is characterized by interdisciplinary integration using both complex experimental laboratory models and modern bionic and information technologies.Conclusion. Contemporary trends in the problem studying is the widespread utilization of information technologies and the development of approaches to neurorehabilitation with motor deficiency consideration. Fine motor skills recovery in patients with CNS lesions requires further interdisciplinary integration.

scholarly journals Some Issues of Optimizing Management Activities in Organizing Provision of Medical Care to Victims of Terrorist Acts

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
S.F. Goncharov ◽  
◽  
B.V. Bobiy ◽  
I.G. Titov ◽  
M.S. Samoylova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Conventional Weapons ◽  
Terrorist Acts

The purpose of the study is to develop and to substantiate proposals for optimizing management activities for organizing the provision of medical care and medical evacuation of victims of terrorist attacks with the use of explosive devices and conventional weapons. Materials and research methods. Research materials: normative and methodological documents regulating the procedure for management activities in the medical provision of the population affected in emergency situations; data of expert assessment maps on the research topic; scientific works and publications devoted to topical issues of management activities in the framework of the issue under study. In the course of the study, the following scientific methods were used: methods of content analysis and expert assessment, statistical method, method of logical and information modeling, analytical method. Research results and their analysis. The results of the study showed that one of the organizational issues in the system of countering terrorism and of organizing the elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of terrorist attacks is the presence of a coordinating management body, on which it is advisable to assign the appropriate functions to coordinate the activities of medical forces and means. In the course of the study, the rank value of each medical brigade and medical unit participating in the elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of terrorist attacks was determined; quality of methodological support for predicting medical and sanitary consequences of terrorist attacks and for planning the organization of medical assistance to victims of terrorist attacks has been studied; main methodological approaches that should be taken into account when planning the organization of medical care and medical evacuation of victims of terrorist attacks in each constituent entity of the Russian Federation were formulated; a list of most effective measures has been identified, which make it possible to increase the readiness of health authorities, medical units and organizations to work to save lives and to preserve the health of victims of terrorist attacks, etc.

Application of the Principles of International Humanitarian Law (Principles of Distinction, Proportionality, and Precaution) to Armed Conflicts in Cyberspace

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Sergei Yu. Garkusha-Bozhko
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Modern World ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Cyber Attack

Information technology development in the modern world affects all spheres of human activity on a global scale, including the sphere of military activities of States. The current level of military information technologies development allows us to talk about a possible new theater of military operations, namely, cyberspace. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the problem of applying the principles of international humanitarian law (IHL), in particular the principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution, to armed conflicts in cyberspace, which is the subject of this article. However, the application of the basic principles of this branch of international law in cyberspace raises a number of problematic issues that require in-depth research, specifically the application of principles of IHL to cyberspace. The research of such issues is the purpose of this article. Based on the results of this research, the author came to the following conclusions: 1) the application of the principle of distinction in cyberspace is unlikely to ensure the protection of dual-use objects. More important for the protection of such objects in cyberspace is the principle of proportionality; 2) whether IT companies that supply technical equipment and software for military needs qualify as a military facility depends on how much such a company is involved in procurement activities; 3) objects in cyberspace that support the military potential of a state are not military objects; 4) social networks are not military targets; 5) in the context of an armed conflict in cyberspace, the parties to such conflicts have a duty to carefully check the cyber means used in a cyber-attack for compliance with the prohibition of attacks of an indiscriminate nature; 6) the issue of taking precautionary measures against cyber-attacks and their consequences is at the stage of developing state practices. However, it should be assumed that this fact does not negate the obligation of States to take such measures in the event of cyber-attacksthis obligation lies with the States due to the application of the principles of IHL to cyberspace.

Infectious safety of nursing staff in departments (offices) functional diagnostics in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
E. V. Panina ◽  
M. V. Pugachev ◽  
A. G. Shchesiu
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Functional Diagnostics ◽  
Prevention Of Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The article shows that in the daily activities of nursing staff of functional diagnostics departments (offices), it is necessary to strictly observe the requirements and rules for the prevention of infections associated with medical care, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The types of personal protective equipment (PPE) of medical personnel (MP), as well as current effective methods of disinfection, rules for collecting medical waste in a complex epidemiological situation are presented.

The Russian Language at the Turn of the Century: Semantic Capability and Development Prospects

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 150-169
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Perevolochanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
First Century ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Current State ◽  
Linguistic Sign ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
The Russian Language

The article considers the current state of the Russian language. Information technologies in the twenty first century present diverse forms of linguistic knowledge and modalities of knowledge quantisation in a linguistic sign. The Russian language develops from a standard, direct expression of thoughts to a nonstandard, psychologically complex, associative deep statement of thoughts. In the early nineteenth century, during the democratisation of the Russian language, a national genius, Alexander Pushkin, emerged. Thanks to him, the unique informational, cultural, and artistic evolution of the language took place. Nowadays, while democratisation and globalisation, processes which resemble the language evolution 200 years ago, are occurring. These processes suggest some patterns: overcoming stylistic disparity, changes in linguistic sign boundaries and semantic extension.

Remote forms: needs and opportunities

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Viktor Lebedev ◽  
Elena Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Labour Legislation ◽  
Danger To Others

The article deals with the issues of organization and legal support for the use of remote forms, including in connection with the improvement of telecommunications technologies in the event of an emergency or threat of the spread of diseases that pose a danger to others, increasing the availability of medical care using telemedicine capabilities. The analysis of practical situations related to usage and safety of technical equipment owned by health facilities, including information, computer and telecommunications equipment, computers and peripherals; reviewed labour legislation, which regulates liability for failing to ensure the safety of technical means in the process of using telemedicine technologies.

The development of health care in Siberia in the 18th — first half of the 19th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Shulyak
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Folk Remedies

Development of health care of Siberia in the 18<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;— first half of the 19<sup>th</sup> century was closely connected with economic and political development of the Russian state. Before the medical personnel emergence in Siberia its population received medication only in the form of folk remedies. Development of its territory, insanitary conditions of life of Siberians, constant contingent of exiled to the indigenous people, and severe climate contributed to the spread of such diseases as smallpox, syphilis, and others.<br> The first medical institutions of Siberia were military hospital and infirmaries. In the days of reign of the Empress Anna Ioannovna, the city medical care started developing, and thanks to an initiative of the industrial enterprises owners&nbsp;— medical care for miners. After the establishment of the Public Charity Orders in Siberia, hospitals under their jurisdiction began to function in Tobolsk, Irkutsk, and Tomsk. A worthy contribution to the development of local medical institutions was made by donators Tolstopyatov, Bednyagin, Chupalov, and others. However, deficiency of financing, hospitals, and the medical personnel couldn’t adequately satisfy the needs of Siberian inhabitants in medical care.<br> The purpose of the article is to analyse the condition of public health, causes of morbidity and mortality of the population, as well as the process of medical care development in Siberia the turn of the 18<sup>th</sup> century by means of a historical and genetic method.

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