The features of the course of rotavirus infection in children and adults

Rotavirus infection, which is also known as "intestinal flu", belongs to the group of diseases caused by RNA genomic viruses of the Reoviridae family. In terms of prevalence, it ranks second after influenza; the mechanism of transmission is fecal-oral. Once in the body, within several hours the virus leads to damage to the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, which is clinically manifested in the form of gastroenteritis. Most often, children under the age of five get sick; after recovery, a fairly stable immunity remains. Due to its high contagiousness, the virus frequently causes outbreaks in organized children's groups. The main danger of rotavirus infection is a rather rapid dehydration of the body, therefore, any case of the disease should be under the supervision of a doctor, especially for children under the age of one year. Vaccination is one of the ways to prevent the development of the disease; for this purpose, both monovalent and polyvalent vaccines can be used. In developing countries, rotavirus infection is one of the main causes of infant mortality from infectious diseases. Adult patients are characterized by a subtle course of the disease, which can manifest itself in the form of a single vomiting and diarrhea, a slight increase in temperature. Meanwhile, it should be remembered that even with this course, the patient is an epidemic danger to others.

Efficiency of public administration in terms of distribution coronavirus infection as the basis of national security

The article examines individual issues of state security through the prism of the effectiveness of public administration in the conditions of the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Russia in 2020. The article analyzes the norms of Federal laws, according to which it is necessary to take measures to pro-tect the population from natural and man-made emergencies, including the spread of diseases that pose a danger to others. The decisions of the chief state sanitary doctors of the Russian Federation and the subjects of Russia that restrict the rights and freedoms of a person and citizen without having legal grounds for this are subjected to critical reflection. The article formulates conclusions that should help to improve the efficiency of public administration, which, in turn, will not reduce the level of personal protection, that is, to maintain national security at the proper level.

Video Analytics Solution for COVID-19

Amid the global crisis of the Corona virus pandemic, new demands have emerged in the market which uses Video Analytics for finding solutions to halt the transmission of the Virus. The COVID - 19 pandemic is devastating mankind irrespective of caste, creed, gender, and religion. Until a vaccine is discovered, we should do our bit to constrain the expanse of the corona virus. Using a face mask can undoubtedly help in managing the spread of the virus. The face mask detector, a video analytic solution uses MobileNetV2 model, deep learning techniques to successfully test whether a person is wearing a face mask or not. The face mask identifier is least complex in structure and gives quick results and hence can be used in CCTV footage to detect whether a person is wearing a mask perfectly so that he does not pose any danger to others. Mass screening is possible with video analytics and hence can be used in crowded places like Airports, Hospitals Entrance Exam Centers, Schools and Colleges.

Comparative Analysis of the Legal Regulation of Civil Liability for Harm Caused to Human Life and Health

The purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of the legal regulation of civil liability for harm caused to human life and health by activities that create an increased danger to others in Russia and foreign countries. Due to the intensive development of new technologies and the emergence of new sources of increased danger, there is a need to specify the concept of «activities that create increased danger to others» in Russian legislation. The subject of the article is the norms of law of Russian and foreign legislation regulating the institution of civil liability for harm caused to human life and health by activities that create an increased danger to others. The article is written using General scientific, philosophical and special legal methods of cognition. Based on the results, the article assesses the specifics of regulating harm caused by activities that create an increased danger to others in foreign legislation. Based on the research, it is proposed to distinguish the concepts of «source of increased danger» and «activities that are associated with increased danger to others» in Russian legislation, adding a note to article 1079 of the Civil code of the Russian Federation, as well as to specify the list of sources of increased danger, including unmanned vehicles and fighting dogs.

Anti-epidemic measures against the proliferation of the novel coronavirus infection SARS-COV-2

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 virus is assigned to the II group of pathogenicity in accordance with the sanitary legislation of the Russian Federation. The infection is included in the list of diseases that pose a danger to others (the Government Decree of the Russian Federation from 31.01.2020 No. 66). Dental facilities are at epidemiological risk; all patients are considered as potentially infected with hemocontact and aspiration infections. Disinfection in dental institutions is carried out according to the regime between viruses and fungi of the genus Candida; the mask regime is continuous. The protection against infections of the patient and medical personnel in dental institutions has always been an extremely urgent problem and especially now, during the period of the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2. The purpose of medical dental institutions is to prevent and implement measures to interrupt the transmission of infections related to the provision of medical care (IRMC).

PREVENTIVE DETENTION OF CHILDREN UNDER MALAYSIAN LAWS: A CASE FOR REFORM

Preventive detention refers to the incarceration of an individual who has not yet been convicted, to prevent him from causing harm or endangering the community in some unspecified way. It can be seen as the deprivation of an individual’s liberty based on the belief that he may be a danger to others. The issue of preventive detention of children is very controversial and has attracted debate among various legal scholars. In Malaysia, provisions contained in specific statutes that aim to prevent terrorism or threats to national security have been invoked to justify the preventive detention of children. The practice and application of these statutory provisions on children have been subjected to various criticism. This paper aims to analyze current Malaysian laws pertaining to the preventive detention of children. It encompasses qualitative research of doctrinal and comparative nature. It will critically analyze legal issues in this area with reference to international standards and practices of other legal systems. The study concludes that the legal reform of the current Malaysian legal framework on this aspect is urgently needed to protect the rights and interests of children during the juvenile justice processes. Therefore, the study provides recommendations towards the improvement of the existing laws and policies on the preventive detention of children.

Remote forms: needs and opportunities

The article deals with the issues of organization and legal support for the use of remote forms, including in connection with the improvement of telecommunications technologies in the event of an emergency or threat of the spread of diseases that pose a danger to others, increasing the availability of medical care using telemedicine capabilities. The analysis of practical situations related to usage and safety of technical equipment owned by health facilities, including information, computer and telecommunications equipment, computers and peripherals; reviewed labour legislation, which regulates liability for failing to ensure the safety of technical means in the process of using telemedicine technologies.

General problems of legal regulation of administrative and judicial procedures related to compulsory medical treatment in foreign countries

The subject of this research is the questions of legal regulation of administrative and judicial procedures related to compulsory medical treatment in foreign countries. Such measures may be applied to persons suffering from dangerous infectious diseases and various addictions; however, in majority of countries are applied to persons with severe mental disorders. The experience of foreign countries in the area of legal regulation on implementation of the indicated procedures differs which requires conducting the comparative legal research. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the author is first within the Russian legal science to carry out a comparative analysis of the administrative and judicial procedures associated with compulsory medical treatment used abroad. Particularly, the author explores such measures as compulsory ambulatory treatment and forced hospitalization, criteria for determining danger to others, as well as personal rights to individual to whom these measures are applied.

A Subpoena: The Other Exception to Confidentiality

A good deal of attention is paid in counselor education programs to the significance of confidentiality and the rare categories of exception that would compel the counselor to break that sacred vow. The exceptions identified are danger to self, danger to others, and child abuse. In some states, additional mention is made of situations involving elder abuse. Rarely, however, do counselor educators discuss the impact of litigation on the sanctity of the counselor–client relationship and the ability of a subpoena to pierce the cloak of confidentiality that otherwise protects a client’s innermost thoughts and raw vulnerability. This article is an examination of the long arm of the court system and, by extension, the role of a subpoena as the often overlooked, other, exception to confidentiality. The effect of court involvement initiated either by the counselor’s client or by an opposing party on the counselor–client relationship should be clearly addressed in informed consent discussions and written documents to avoid unforeseen complications when a counselor receives and responds to a subpoena.

The Constitutional Accuracy of Legal Presumptions

This paper is about a century-old yet durably-opaque constitutional doctrine that has the potential to disrupt every field of US law that uses legal presumptions. That doctrine demands, for any legal presumption, at least “some rational connection between the fact proved and the ultimate fact presumed.” The paper shows how that doctrine is best read to require likely-accurate presumptions, i.e., in the run of cases in which the presumption can apply, the probability of the presumed fact, given the proven fact, must provably exceed fifty percent. If so, however, lawyers and judges applying this doctrine face distinctive selection bias and reference class problems. The paper illustrates these and other issues with five examples: the McDonnell-Douglas presumption in employment discrimination law; the Bail Reform Act's presumption about a bail applicant's level of danger to others based on being charged with certain drug-sale crimes; the tort law doctrine of res ipsa loquitor; a presumed damages amount for emotional distress; and presumptions about whether a worker is an “employee” or “independent contractor.” In so doing, this paper contributes to the legal and philosophical literature on presumptions in adjudication, as well as ongoing controversies in the US law of tort, work, damages, and bail.