Improvement of the post-harvest grain processing process during the recon-struction of a grain-cleaning and drying facilities

Crop production is largely associated with a number of external factors that affect productivity, quality, and cost of production. A significant part of the cost (20-40%) occurs on post-harvest processing, storage, and preparation for feeding. These processes include drying, decontamination, steaming, micronisation, etc. The chapter describes the electrotechnology impacts and their use in processes of grain processing. The chapter deals with the classification of electrophysical methods of influence, correlated with the processes in which they can be applied. It describes the required levels of exposure and the resulting values of productivity, intensity, and other parameters, qualitatively describing the specific processes. The factors which can positively affect grain production include the use of ozone, ions, infrared, and microwave fields.

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Improving the technology of post-harvest processing and storage of grain raw materials at the enterprises of the grain processing industry

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/640/2/022040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 640 (2) ◽

pp. 022040

Author(s):

S V Yegorova ◽

A A Slavyanskiy ◽

T A Postnikova ◽

A V Pereboev ◽

G V Mazanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Processing Industry ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Grain Processing ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Storage

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THE INFLUENCE OF ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS OF MAIZE GRAIN STORAGE ON THE CHANGES IN THE QUALITY PARAMETER “FALLING NUMBER”

Food Science and Technology ◽

10.15673/fst.v13i3.1472 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

Author(s):

A. Borta ◽

M. Zhelobkova

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Falling Number ◽

Anaerobic Conditions ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Temperature Conditions ◽

Grain Processing ◽

Duration Of Storage ◽

Maize Grain

In recent decades, at Ukrainian farms and grain-processing enterprises, the technology of storing grain in silo bags has become widespread. In this type of storage, anaerobic conditions are created due to the physiological respiration process, which ensures extended shelf life of freshly harvested grain. This, in turn, allows the use of low-power processing equipment for post-harvest grain processing, which is especially important for wet and moist maize as it requires powerful grain dryers. The article presents the results of a study of the effect that the initial moisture content of maize grain, the temperature and the duration of its storage under anaerobic conditions have on the Falling Number, one of the quality parameters depending on the amylase activity of the grain. The object of the study was grain samples of freshly harvested (in 2017) dent maize, the hybrid DKC 3705, with the average moisture contents 14%, 21%, and 28%, stored under anaerobic conditions for 3 months at temperatures of +18°C, +11°C, and +4°C. The Falling Number was determined by the standardized Hagberg-Perten method on a ПЧП-7 instrument (“Falling Number Apparatus”). Based on the results obtained, histograms of the kinetics of Falling Number changes have been constructed, the analysis of which made it possible to establish patterns of the changes in the Falling Number depending on the moisture content of the grain and the duration of its storage at different temperatures. It has been shown that in the maize grain samples with the initial moisture content 14%, regardless of the temperature conditions during storage for 3 months, there is a steady tendency to a gradual decrease in the Falling Number. In the maize grain samples with the initial moisture content over 14%, at the beginning of storage, there is a period of an increase in the Falling Number, the intensity of which depends on the initial moisture content of the grain and the temperature conditions of its anaerobic storage. After the completion of post-harvest maturation processes in freshly harvested maize grain, its further storage leads to a decrease in the Falling Number. To summarize the experimental data, a nonlinear empirical equation is suggested to describe the patterns of changes in the Falling Number depending on the factors studied: the moisture content of maize grain, the temperature conditions and duration of storage. Considering that the value of the Falling Number is determined by the activity of the amylase complex of the grain, it can be used as an express method of monitoring the state of grain stored in silo bags.

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Improvement of quality indicators of machines for post-harvest grain processing

Traktory i sel'hozmashiny ◽

10.31992/0321-4443-2019-3-81-84 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 81-84

Author(s):

Ts.V. Tsedashiev ◽

◽

E.V. Eltoshkina ◽

Keyword(s):

Quality Indicators ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Grain Processing

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Fundamentals and Prospects for the Technologies Development for Post-Harvest Grain Processing and Seed Preparation

Agricultural machinery and technologies ◽

10.22314/2073-7599-2020-14-4-17-25 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 17-25

Author(s):

V. М. Drincha ◽

Yu. S. Tsench

Keyword(s):

Historical Analysis ◽

Unskilled Labor ◽

Technical Documentation ◽

Technological Support ◽

Post Harvest ◽

The Past ◽

Grain Processing ◽

Organizational Issues ◽

Original Works ◽

Cleaning Machine

The authors identifi ed the main factors that infl uenced signifi cantly the technological support of post-harvest processing processes over the past decades. They showed that in recent years, many farms faced the necessity to solve the problem of improving the seeds quality and reducing their losses in the process of post-harvest processing of grain in the shortest possible time.(Research purpose) To conduct a historical analysis of machine technologies for post-harvest grain processing and seed preparation and determine promising directions for their development.(Materials and methods) The authors used the historicalanalytical method applied to technical systems, in particular, to technologies of post-harvest grain processing and seed preparation. The research objects were the original works of domestic and foreign authors for more than a 100-year period and other regulatory and technical documentation.(Results and discussion) The authors presented the results of the machine technologies for postharvest grain processing and seed preparation evolution in the Russian Federation over the past 100 years. They considered the scientifi c, technological, technical and organizational issues of the machine technologies for grain processing and seed preparation development. It was determined that the scientifi c foundations for creating domestic separating machines were developed in the 30s of the last century. They noted that in 1934 the fi rst domestic mobile grain cleaning machine with a capacity of 10 tons per hour for cleaning grain and 6-8 tons per hour for cleaning seeds was created and put into production. The following key stages were identifi ed: in the 60s, an in-line technology of post-harvest grain processing was developed; by the end of the 70s, with the completion of work on the creation of units and complexes, all processes of post-harvest grain processing for the fi rst time in the country were fully mechanized.(Conclusions) The authors proved that labor productivity in the industry increased 7-10 times, the cost of grain processing decreased 2-3 times, its losses decreased, manual, unskilled labor was excluded. They identifi ed promising directions for the development of grain processing and seed preparation technologies.

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Analysis and features of operation of fractional grain cleaners and secondary seed cleaning separators

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/845/1/012064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 845 (1) ◽

pp. 012064

Author(s):

VI Orobinsky ◽

A M Gievsky ◽

I V Baskakov ◽

V A Gulevsky ◽

A V Chernyshov

Keyword(s):

Experimental Studies ◽

Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽

Agricultural Science ◽

Pneumatic System ◽

Fractionation Process ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Agricultural Engineering ◽

Grain Processing ◽

Cleaning Equipment ◽

Cleaning Machine

Abstract To obtain high-quality grain and seeds, it is necessary to clean the combine heap of weeds. Modern air-screen grain cleaners equipped with a screen cleaning systems, flat screens and a double-aspiration pneumatic system with pre-screen and post-screen cleaning channels are used. The fractional principle of post-harvest grain processing is promising. To create a universal grain cleaning machine to isolate the main fraction from the grain heap at the first stage of post-harvest processing, Voronezh State Agar University named after Emperor Peter I carried out theoretical and experimental studies, which made it possible to develop OZF-50, OZF-80 and SVS-30 separators. The machines have higher productivity, the original sieve design with an increased share of sorting sieves and an exclusive aspiration system. A number of new technical solutions have been used in the design of the separators, protected by patents of the Russian Federation. Theoretical prerequisites established the possibility of increasing the productivity 1.6-1.8 times according to GOST R 52325-2005. The total air consumption of the pneumatic system of grain cleaning machines can be reduced by 25-40%. Further improvement of separators requires a deeper study of the grain fractionation process, aerodynamic characteristics of aspiration systems, receiving and distribution devices, and establishment of close mutually beneficial relations between scientific institutions and agricultural engineering enterprises. This can contribute to the development of both domestic agricultural science and grain cleaning equipment production.

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Analysis of the operation of a flat sieve that vibrates in a horizontal plane

Traktory i sel'hozmashiny ◽

10.31992/0321-4443-2020-4-27-34 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

A.Yu. Golovin ◽

◽

U.K. Sabiyev ◽

P.V. Chupin ◽

A.S. Soyunov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Operating Mode ◽

World Market ◽

Black Soil ◽

Production Lines ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Grain Processing ◽

Particle Penetration ◽

Cleaning Equipment ◽

The Russian Federation

In accordance with the provisions of the Food security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, it is required to increase the share of domestically produced grain in the world market at least to 95 per-cent. This is facilitated by the presence of 9 percent of the world's cultivated areas in the Russian Federation, where black soil is 40 percent. However, post-harvest processing of the entire grain heap brought from the fields is performed by production lines, where the completeness of separation is influenced by the contamination and moisture content of freshly harvested grain. An increase in humidity by 1% of the baseline reduces the productivity of grain cleaning equipment by 2%, and an increase in humidity by 1% reduces productivity by 3%. Therefore, the country's grain-flow farms need modern technologies for post-harvest grain processing. The main methods of increasing the productivity of machinery can be distinguished. They are: a uniform distribution of seeds over the sieve area, a better particle penetration into the sieve hole, an increase in the speed of grain movement on the surface of the sieves, a complication of the law of vibrations of sieve mills. Ac-cording to the performed studies the completeness of separation on the sieve surface depends on the indicators of the relative motion of the particle, as well as the angle of inclination of the holes to the direction of descent, the speed and movement of the grain when interacting with the long edge of the sieve hole, performing harmonic oscillations. The following recommendations can be made: the separation process improves at an angle of inclination of the sieve openings β = 45°, the frequency of sieve vibrations n = 110 min-1, the amplitude of sieve vibrations A = 0.09 m, the angle of the sieve transverse inclination αп = 1.5 ° ÷ 2.5 °. The cleaning of the grain mixture is carried out quali-tatively in accordance with the agrotechnical requirements in this operating mode.

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