scholarly journals Peculiarities of Formation and Implementation of the State Environmental Policy in the sphere of Solid Waste Management in foreign countries

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Olha Ziuz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
The World

The paper presents the author’s view of the problem range of solid waste in the world through the prism of balancing interests. The global trends of solid waste generation per capita by region are considered. The features of solid waste management and the application of waste management methods in different countries are highlighted. The morphology of waste streams in high- and low-income countries is analyzed. The concept of cooperation as a consolidation of efforts, achievement of a common goal of solving urgent problems, and its essential characteristics are investigated. It is revealed that the social effect of cooperation depends on the willingness of the subjects to form partnerships, as well as on favorable conditions, specifically: proper legislative support, quality of service delivery, stability of pricing, economic policy, effectiveness of the mechanism of management decision-making. The destructive factors of the balancing of interests in the field of solid waste management and their determinants are identified: an increase in volumes of illegal trade in waste, inconsistency of product quality with the information provided in the documentation, falsification of the trade mark as recyclable, masking of hazardous waste. The factors of intensification of conflict and imbalance of relations in connection with illegal import of waste, non-observance of interests of the host party and its inability to defend its own interests in the international arena are analyzed. It has been found that there is a shift in focus from balancing the relationship to the category of profit, whereby the solution of the problem of solid household waste is based on the principle of «cost-cutting and maximizing profit». The differences in the stages of implementing environmental policy at the national and transnational levels are generalized. The problem of increasing the volume of plastic in the composition of waste is emphasized and the causes of the global crisis of waste management due to the decision of China to ban the import of waste are discussed. The directions of stabilizing the situation and balancing of relations in the world solid waste management are offered.

scholarly journals Failing Services on Urban Waste Management in Developing Countries: A Review on Symptoms, Diagnoses, and Interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Breukelman ◽  
Harold Krikke ◽  
Ansje Löhr
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Urban Solid Waste ◽  
Urban Waste Management

The potential and scale of cities enable economic growth and the improvement of citizens’ access to jobs, education, healthcare, culture, public utilities and services. Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the key services provided by cities. Its operations are complex, very visible to the general public, and impacted by strong financial, societal, and political constraints. Performances in developing countries, however, are not positive. United Nations research shows urban collection services covering no more than 39% of the population in low-income countries. Why are many cities in developing countries not able to use their increasing wealth and scale for basic SWM services such as city cleaning, collection, and sustainable landfilling? This paper provides a review of literature on this question over the last decade. It shows that research is mostly on symptoms and has not led to a deeper diagnosis of causes. Lack of resources, infrastructure, awareness, and institutional strength are often pinpointed as causes but, in fact, they should be addressed as symptoms. These symptoms should be designated as dependent variables in a complex causal network with systemic feedbacks, hindering or neutralizing attempts to improve performances if not properly dealt with. Research should concentrate more on assessing the relations between urbanization, urban processes, and urban governance that shape the performance of urban solid waste management. System dynamics modeling may provide new approaches for this diagnosis.

Solid Waste Management Policies in Kenya: The Silence on the Plight of Women and Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Dickson A. Amugsi ◽  
Jane N. Mwangi ◽  
Tilahun Nigatu Haregu ◽  
Isabella Aboderin ◽  
Kanyiva Muindi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
Preceding Discussion ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Implementation Gaps

Building on available evidence that there are differences of exposure to solid waste among men, women and children, it follows that effective solid waste management (SWM) policies need to recognise such variations, as a prelude to rolling out programmes to address associated socio-economic and health risks. However, this logical scenario does not seem to be the case in many middle- and low-income countries. In this paper, we use analytical review methodology to examine integrated environmental management and sector specific policies in Nairobi and Mombasa, Kenya's two biggest cities, to highlight the extent to which existing policies cover the differential challenges of exposure to solid waste and associated health challenges for women and children. We found that apart from one municipal policy and the Kenya Vision 2030 documents respectively, which underscore the importance of including women and young people in waste management, 16 other policy documents reviewed are generally silent on women and children issues. Beyond the limited focus on women- and children-specific challenges, the general lag in policy implementation and enforcement of regulations will still hinder the emergence of an effective SWM system out of the best policy frameworks . The preceding discussion underscores both policy and implementation gaps, which need to be filled, if policies will potentially engender SWM practices that will be relevant and effective in protecting the health of the most vulnerable in urban Africa.

scholarly journals Raising Awareness on Solid Waste Management through Formal Education for Sustainability: A Developing Countries Evidence Review

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justice Kofi Debrah ◽  
Diogo Guedes Vidal ◽  
Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Education For Sustainability ◽  
Low Income Countries

Solid Waste Management (SWM) is a multifaceted problem comprising political, socioeconomic, institutional, and environmental aspects. Due to exponential urban growth, it has become one of the most significant issues faced by urban spaces in developing countries. The gap in environmental knowledge among the youth and the old within developing countries contribute to ecological issues or waste management problems, resulting in unsustainable development, with important consequences in low-income countries. For that matter, a systematic review was conducted aiming to identify and analyse environmental knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and practice studies on SWM from 2010 to 2019 in developing countries. The evidence suggests that students at both secondary and tertiary levels have positive environmental attitudes, and high awareness of environmental issues, but there is a lack of practical education of teachers to guide students to put SWM into practice. Student’s low environmental knowledge is related to a deficiency in teachers’ practical experience in SWM for environmental sustainability. A relationship between teachers’ and students’ knowledge and attitudes towards SWM, as well as differences in awareness, attitude, and practices of SWM linked with education and age, were also found. This review also revealed that the lack of environmental education in most developing countries is caused by fragilities in practical environmental curricula of teachers to respond to modern-day environmental issues for sustainable development and cleaner production (CP). To bridge the knowledge gap between the youth and older people in SWM, environmental sustainability education should be integrated into schools at all levels within developing countries.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion Interventions in Two Slum Communities in Central Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Musoke ◽  
Rawlance Ndejjo ◽  
Abdullah Ali Halage ◽  
Simon Kasasa ◽  
John C. Ssempebwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Community Interventions ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) continue to contribute to the high prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases in low-income countries such as Uganda particularly in slums. We implemented a 3-year WASH project in two urban slums in Uganda with a focus on safe drinking water and improvement in sanitation. The project implemented community and school interventions in addition to capacity building initiatives. Community interventions included home improvement campaigns, clean-up exercises, water quality assessment, promotion of drinking safe water through household point-of-use chlorination, promotion of hand washing, and support towards solid waste management. In schools, the project supported health clubs and provided them with “talking compound” messages. The capacity building initiatives undertaken included training of youth and community health workers. Project evaluation revealed several improvements in WASH status of the slums including increase in piped water usage from 38% to 86%, reduction in use of unprotected water sources from 30% to 2%, reduction in indiscriminate disposal of solid waste from 18% to 2%, and increase in satisfaction with solid waste management services from 40% to 92%. Such proactive and sustainable community interventions have the potential to not only improve lives of slum inhabitants in developing countries but also create lasting impact.

Assessment of the Implementation of Proper Solid Waste Management of The Residents In Bonbon, Clarin, Bohol

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Daisy Ganados ◽  
Jessebel Gencianos ◽  
Ruth Ann Faith Mata ◽  
Christopher Sam Pates ◽  
Christine Mariesalvatiera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
And Control

Solid waste management is the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash. Reducing and eliminating the adverse impact of waste materials on human health and the environment supports economic development. Quality of life is the primary goal of solid waste management. To ensure environmental best practices, content or hazard potential and solid waste must be managed systematically, and it is needed to be incorporated into ecological planning. This study aimed to assess Bonbon, Clarin, Bohol residents towards the proper implementation of solid waste management. The quantitative-descriptive method of research was used with the aid of a modified standardized survey questionnaire. The data showed that mothers or married respondents aged 21-30 got the highest percentage. Therefore, it shows that they are the ones primarily in charge of household waste management. The Assessment of the implementation of Solid Waste Management was conducted per dimension: Planning and Control, Zero Waste Collection Service, and Waste Disposal System. According to the results, the dimension of Planning and Control was labeled as Strongly Implemented, Zero Waste Collection Service was marked as Moderately Implemented, and Waste Disposal System was categorized as Moderately Not Implemented. Therefore, it shows that the Solid Waste Management in Bonbon, Clarin, Bohol was moderately implemented. Thus, the study's outcome served as a guide to enhance their best practices for the full implementation and sustainability of solid waste management in their locality.

scholarly journals THE RUKUN WARGA-BASED 3RS AND WASTE BANK AS SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherly Towolioe ◽  
Ariva Sugandi Permana ◽  
Norsiah A. Aziz ◽  
Chin Siong Ho ◽  
Dario G. Pampanga
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Organizational System ◽  
Financial Requirement ◽  
Waste Bank ◽  
Bank System

Communities store a potential power to support overall performance of urban solid waste management through various creative and innovative arrangements. In Indonesia, the Rukun Warga (RW) is the lowest hierarchy of community organizational system which can implement creative and innovative arrangements to support solid waste management activities with less financial requirement. This study observed RW-based activity on fifty RWs with 412 respondents in terms of 3Rs, household waste separation, waste recycling business and waste bank system undertaken by the community for the sake of cleanliness and income-earning. The result shows that the correlation between level of the activity of the RWs communities in undertaking 3Rs, recycling business and waste bank, and the perceived cleanliness by the community members was validated. It is also showed positive results such as improved urban environment and provided strong push-factor influencing the community members to join the movement and the activities towards sustainable solid waste management are not always cost-intensive activities but a socially bounded engagement would also workable.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis Masyarakat di Kampung Rawajati Jakarta Selatan

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Catur Puspawati ◽  
Besral Besral
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management System ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
P Value ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Waste Management System

Kampung Rawajati di Jakarta yang menerapkan sistem pengelolaan sampah berbasis masyarakat merupakan alternatif upaya mengatasi sampah rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh sistem tersebut terhadap penurunan berat sampah rumah tangga. Dengan desain studi potong lintang, penelitian ini dilakukan pada sampel 175 ibu rumah tangga yang dipilih secara acak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pengelolaan sampah berbasis masyarakat dapat menurunkan berat sampah sebesar 28,3%. Analisis regresi linier ganda memperlihatkan bahwa kegiatan pengelolaan yang berpengaruh terhadap penurunan berat sampah adalah kegiatan reuse, daur ulang, dan pembuatan kompos (nilai-p < 0,05). Pembuatan kompos merupakan variabel yang berkontribusi terhadap penurunan berat sampah 657,3 gram setelah dikontrol variabel perancu. Penurunan berat sampah ditemukan lebih besar pada rumah tangga yang mendapat pelatihan. Tidak ada perbedaan penurunan berat sampah menurut jumlah anggota keluarga, penghasilan rumah tangga, dan pengetahuan ibu. Disarankan agar Pemerintah DKI Jakarta dapat melakukan replikasi model pengelolaan sampah berbasis masyarakat kepada wilayah lainnya, dengan memberikan pelatihan pengelolaan sampah kepada masyarakat.Kata kunci : Pengelolaan sampah berbasis masyarakat, berat sampah, pengolahan dan minimasi sampahAbstractKampung Rawajati in Jakarta applies community-based solid waste management system as an alternative way to overcome household waste problem. The objective of the research is to assess the effect of community-based solid waste management on reduction of household waste weight. This study has crosssectional study design and was conducted on 175 housewife as respondent who were selected randomly. The data was collected by interview using structured questionnaire and weighing of household waste. The result shows that the community-based solid waste management can reduce 28.3% of household waste weight (weight before: 1.845 gram/house/day and after: 1.324 gram/house/day). Multiple linear regression analysis shows that variables affecting thereduction of solid waste including re-using activity, recycling, and composting (p-value <0.05). Composting represents the biggest effect to reduction (657.26 gram) after controlled by potential confounders. The reduction was higher among household with waste training and number of trained household member. It was found that number of family member, family income, and mother knowledge are not significant. It was recommended to the Government of DKI Jakarta to replicate this community-based waste management system to other regions by providing training facilities on solid waste management.Keywords: Community-based on solid waste management, waste weight, processing and minimizing of solid waste

Site Characterization and Associated Disposal Costs for Illegal Dumpsites Located in the Municipality of La Granja, Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (2) ◽  
pp. 022068
Author(s):  
Christian Seal ◽  
Patricia Mery ◽  
Patricia Alegría
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Personnel Cost ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Total Lack ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Chilean legislation dictates that Municipalities are responsible for household solid waste management, but this doesn’t include the clean-up of illegal dumpsites. These in-city dumpsites usually are located on public roads, parks or abandoned sites; have a wide variety of origins, from household trash to business waste, and feature a high component of construction debris. One of the main problems that municipalities have managing these sites is that when they are cleaned, the dumpsites immediately reappear. Therefore, a site survey and visual characterization was performed for these illegal dumpsites at the Municipality of La Granja, and a cost analysis associated with the constant clean-up costs was performed. La Granja Municipality has an established clean-up program with a frequency that varies from one to three withdrawals a week per dumpsite. Santiago is Chile's capital and is divided into 32 municipalities, the general population of the city is 5.250.565 habitants according to the 2017 census. La Granja is one of Santiago’s municipalities; according to the last census, it has 116.571 inhabitants and a total of 34.423 households divided into 69 neighbourhoods. The social economical income of the municipality corresponds to medium low to lower level. The study detected 35 critical sites that were catalogued as recuring dumpsites. The mayor cause of these dumpsites corresponds to illegal dumping of construction waste, mayor appliance and household waste, and only one dumpsite didn’t present construction debris during the length of the study. The average volume measured in site, for most of the dumpsites varied from 1 to 3 m3 and only 2 sites exceeded 8 m3. The most important characteristics of the dumpsites were the ease accessibility (82,4%), followed by the total lack of public illumination, high vehicular traffic and to or more intersections (67,7%). The equipment and personnel cost were estimated for the clean-up service of the 35 dumpsites. The cost analysis showed that the associated cost of the clean-up corresponds to a 5,8% of the municipal budget for solid waste management. As a result of the study, 4 sites were intervened through the generation of green area or small parks, with an emphasis in the protection or blocking of the access and roadside.

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