scholarly journals Association of Phomopsis vexans with Eggplant (Solanum melongena) Seeds, Seedlings and its Management

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
MB Meah
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Phomopsis Vexans ◽  
Healthy Seed ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Incidence of Phomopsis vexans on farmers’ eggplant seeds collected from different areas of Bangladesh varied from 0.0 to 7.5%. The highest incidence of P. vexans (7.50 %) was recorded in cultivar Dohazari and Rupgonj L collected from Chandanish and Rupgonj, respectively. No incidence of P. vexans was observed in the cultivar Katabegun and Jessore-L collected from Pabna and Monirampur, respectively. Very low seed infection was recorded in the cultivar Shingnath, Bijoy, Ishurdi-Land Longla-long collected respectively from Chandina, Modhukhali, Ishurdi and Kulaura. Seeds collected from HRC of BARI had higher seed infection by P. vexans. Seed selection had a significant impact on the incidence of P. vexans. Use of apparently healthy seed was found effective in controlling damping off, tipover and seedling blight of eggplant. The least incidence of P. vexans (1.25%) and the highest germination (86.75%) were recorded in apparently healthy seed as against 6.5% seed infection and 60% seed germination recorded in farmer’s seed. In the net house, the least incidence of damping off, tipover and seedling blight were recorded in case of apparently healthy seed. Seed treatment with hot water (56 °C for 15 minutes), garlic (Allium cepa L) bulb extract and Allamanda (Allamanda cathertica L) leaf extract, Trichoderma harzianum CP, Trichoderma harzianum T22 and Bavistin were found promising in controlling seedling diseases in the nursery and in increasing the seed germination. Combinations of apparently healthy seed (T2), treated with garlic bulb extract (T3) and soil treated with T. harzianum CP (T11) completely controlled damping off, tipover and seedling blight in the nursery bed and increased seed germination by 48.83% over control. Keywords: Eggplant; incidence; seed; seedling; disease; Phomopsis vexans; management DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9474 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&2): 8-17

Sources of Alternaria carthami inoculum in safflower

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Jackson ◽  
JAG Irwin ◽  
JE Berthelsen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Safflower Seed ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Alternaria Leaf Blight ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Healthy Seed

Spread of the disease Alternaria leaf blight (Alternaria carthami) from infected safflower seed and stubble was studied at Biloela in central Queensland to determine the importance ofthese inoculum sources in the initiation of epidemics. Seed infection levels of 20-55% resulted in 1.4-2.0% emerged diseased seedlings in the field. Levels of 1.0% seed infection have previously caused severe disease outbreaks in commercial crops. Visual appraisal of seed health correlated highly with laboratory, glasshouse and field assessments of diseased seedlings. Glasshouse assessment of emerged diseased seedlings gave the best indication of expected disease incidence in the field. Seed germination in the laboratory correlated poorly with emergence in the glasshouse and the field. Incidence of A. carthami on seedlings following soil incorporation of diseased stubble in November 1977 diminished from 28% in May 1978 to 0% in September 1980. Burning of diseased stubble in November 1977 failed to eliminate the disease, but reduced the number of emerged disease seedlings by 66% in May 1978. Dusting of healthy seed with a fungicide increased total emergence, but it did not control the spread of the fungus from the infected stubble as emergence of diseased seedlings was also increased.

scholarly journals Effect of Trichoderma harzianum and Some Selected Soil Amendment Against Damping off Disease Complex of Potato and Chilli

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Uddin ◽  
N Akhtar ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
AN Faruq
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Growth Characters

Soil applications with poultry refuse, cocodust, vermicompost, ash, sawdust, khudepana, cowdung, solarized sand, Trichoderma harzianum and or with seed treatment by T. harzianum were evaluated against damping off disease complex of potato and chilli. All the treatments significantly reduced percent damping off over control. T. harzianum treated seed along with soil treatment with T. harzianum performed best in terms of seed germination, percent damping off reduction and enhanced growth characters than soil application with T. harzianum alone. The experiment indicates that seed treated with T. harzianum then sown in different soil amendment applied seed bed performed better in all parameters than only application with soil amendment. Among the different soil amendments, poultry refuse and vermicompost have promising impact on seed germination, reduction of percent damping off and growth of potato and chilli seedlings when applying along with T. harzianum. Keywords: Damping off; potato; chilli; Trichoderma harzianum; soil amendment DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9485 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&2): 106-116

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING PREEMERGENCE DAMPING-OFF AND SEEDLING BLIGHT OF SH-2 SWEET CORN CAUSED BY PENICILLIUM OXALICUM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 743b-743
Author(s):  
Nancy W. Callan ◽  
Don E. Mathre ◽  
James B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Penicillium Oxalicum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Visible Growth ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Penicillium oxalicum is a seed- and soilborne fungal pathogen that causes preemergence damping-off and postemergence seedling blight of sweet corn, While seed infection and infestation by P. oxalicum is common, the amount of injury observed in the field is variable. Our objective was to determine factors influencing the occurrence and severity of disease due to P. oxalicum. Inoculation of sh-2 sweet corn seeds with conidia of P. oxalicum reduced seedling emergence and resulted in seedling mortality. Disease severity in the greenhouse and the field was greater as inoculum density increased from ≈ 102 to 106 conidia per seed. Increasing soil temperatures after planting inoculated seed resulted in more preemergence damping-off. Penicillium oxalicum is capable of growth and sporulation in soil that is too dry for seed germination. Nontreated (naturally infected) sh-2 sweet corn seeds or seeds inoculated with P. oxalicum were incubated in pasteurized soil that had been adjusted to various moisture levels-all too low for seed germination. Increasing soil moisture was associated with visible growth of Penicillium spp. on seed after incubation, and greater levels of damping-off and seedling blight when the seed was planted.

The role of the covering structures in the germination of seed of Leucospermum cordifolium (Proteaceae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staden J Van ◽  
NAC Brown
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Oxygen Diffusion ◽  
High Oxygen ◽  
Intact Seed ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Oxygen Tensions ◽  
Healthy Seed ◽  
Apparently Healthy

It was found that as many as half the plump, apparently healthy seed of Leucospermum cordifolium contained shrivelled embryos. Improved seed sorting to eliminate such seeds resulted in 37% germination, compared with 25% in unsorted seed. This small increase suggested that other factors may also contribute to poor seed germination. Indications are that both the outer and inner pericarps play a major role in this respect as their removal greatly increases germination. High oxygen tensions significantly increase germination of intact seed, which suggests that the covering structures exert their influence by acting as a barrier to oxygen diffusion to the embryos.

scholarly journals Accelerating Seed Germination and Juvenile Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to Manage Climate Variability through Hydro-Priming

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Siaka Dembélé ◽  
Robert B. Zougmoré ◽  
Adama Coulibaly ◽  
John P. A. Lamers ◽  
Jonathan P. Tetteh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Early Season

Agriculture in Mali, a country in Sahelian West Africa, strongly depends on rainfall and concurrently has a low adaptive capacity, making it consequently one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change worldwide. Since early-season drought limits crop germination, and hence growth, ultimately yield during rain-fed depending on production is commonly experienced nowadays in Mali. Germination and establishment of key crops such as the staple sorghum could be improved by seed priming. The effects of hydro-priming with different water sources (e.g., distilled, tap, rain, river, well water) were evaluated respectively for three priming time durations in tepid e.g., at 25 °C (4, 8, and 12 h) and by hot water at 70 °C (in contrast to 10, 20, and 30 min.) in 2014 and 2015. Seed germination and seedling development of nine sorghum genotypes were monitored. Compared to non-primed seed treatments, hydro-priming significantly [p = 0.01] improved final germination percentage, germination rate index, total seedling length, root length, root vigor index, shoot length, and seedling dry weight. The priming with water from wells and rivers resulted in significant higher seed germination (85%) and seedling development, compared to the three other sources of water. Seed germination rate, uniformity, and speed were enhanced by hydro-priming also. It is argued that hydro-priming is a safe and simple method that effectively improve seed germination and seedling development of sorghum. If used in crop fields, the above most promising genotypes may contribute to managing early season drought and avoid failure of seed germination and crop failure in high climate variability contexts.

Pathogenicity of postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) on seeds and germinants of lodgepole pine

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2368-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith N. Egger ◽  
J. W. Paden
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seed Infection

Forty isolates of postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) were tested for in vitro pathogenicity on seeds and germinants of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. Two known pathogens, Caloscypha fulgens (Pers.) Boud. and Botrytis cinerea Pers., were included as a check of the method. Caloscypha fulgens was the only fungus that caused serious declines in seed germination, although several species of postfire Pezizales were capable of preemergence seed infection. Rhizina undulata Fr. and Pyropyxis rubra (Peck) Egger were strongly pathogenic on germinants. Pyropyxis rubra was not previously known to be pathogenic. Many isolates were weakly pathogenic on germinants under the conditions tested.

Seed germination biology of sweet acacia (Vachellia farnesiana) and response of its seedlings to herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
Shane Campbell ◽  
Victor J. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Seed Biology ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Sweet acacia [Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Willd.]is a problematic thorny weed species in several parts of Australia. Knowledge of its seed biology could help to formulate weed management decisions for this and other similar species. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of hot water (scarification), alternating temperatures, light, salt stress, and water stress on seed germination of two populations of V. farnesiana and to evaluate the response of its young seedlings (the most sensitive development stage) to commonly available POST herbicides in Australia. Both populations behaved similarly to all the environmental factors and herbicides; therefore, data were pooled over the populations. Seeds immersed in hot water at 90 C for 10 min provided the highest germination (88%), demonstrating physical dormancy in this species. Seeds germinated at a wide range of alternating day/night temperatures from 20/10 C (35%) to 35/25 C (90%) but no seeds germinated at 15/5 C. Germination was not affected by light, suggesting that seeds are nonphotoblastic and can germinate under a plant canopy or when buried in soil. Germination was not affected by sodium chloride concentrations up to 20 mM and about 50% of seeds could germinate at 160 mM sodium chloride, suggesting its high salt tolerance ability. Germination was only 13% at −0.2 MPa osmotic potential and no seeds germinated at −0.4 MPa, suggesting that V. farnesiana seeds may remain ungerminated until moisture conditions have become conducive for germination. A number of POST herbicides, including 2,4-D + picloram, glufosinate, paraquat and saflufenacil, provided >85% control of biomass of young seedlings compared with the nontreated control treatment. Knowledge gained from this study will help to predict the potential spread of V. farnesiana in other areas and help to integrate herbicide use with other management strategies.

Antifungal activity of Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningiopsis against Fusarium solani in seed germination and vigor of Miahuateco chili seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leydi Miguel-Ferrer ◽  
Omar Romero-Arenas ◽  
Petra Andrade-Hoyos ◽  
Primo Sánchez-Morales ◽  
José Antonio Rivera-Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Santa Maria

El chile es la segunda hortaliza de mayor producción en México. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la actividad antagónica <em>in vitro</em> e <em>in vivo</em> de <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> (T-H4) y <em>T. koningiopsis</em> (T-K11) <em>versus Fusarium solani</em> (MX-MIC 798) en la germinación y establecimiento de plántula de chile Miahuateco. Se utilizó la técnica de cultivo dual para determinar el porcentaje de inhibición de crecimiento radial (PICR) de la cepa MX-MIC 798. Además, se analizó el porcentaje de germinación en semillas de chile Miahuateco en vivero, así como la mortalidad de plántulas y grado de severidad a los 40 días después del trasplante (ddt) en Santa María Tecomavaca, Oaxaca, a través de biocontrol y control químico (Mancozeb 80®). La cepa T-H4 presentó el nivel antagónico PICR más alto (53.3%) <em>in vitro</em> y clase II en la escala de Bell, asimismo obtuvo 82% de germinación en semillas de chile Miahuateco en vivero y 48% de mortalidad en campo; de manera que igualó al control químico y superó a <em>T. koningiopsis</em> T-K11. La actividad antifúngica de <em>Trichoderma</em> spp., ofrecen una alternativa para el biocontrol de la marchitez y necrosis en raíz del cultivo de chile Miahuateco causada por <em>F. solani</em> MX-MIC 798.

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