scholarly journals Effect of Trichoderma harzianum and Some Selected Soil Amendment Against Damping off Disease Complex of Potato and Chilli

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Uddin ◽  
N Akhtar ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
AN Faruq
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Growth Characters

Soil applications with poultry refuse, cocodust, vermicompost, ash, sawdust, khudepana, cowdung, solarized sand, Trichoderma harzianum and or with seed treatment by T. harzianum were evaluated against damping off disease complex of potato and chilli. All the treatments significantly reduced percent damping off over control. T. harzianum treated seed along with soil treatment with T. harzianum performed best in terms of seed germination, percent damping off reduction and enhanced growth characters than soil application with T. harzianum alone. The experiment indicates that seed treated with T. harzianum then sown in different soil amendment applied seed bed performed better in all parameters than only application with soil amendment. Among the different soil amendments, poultry refuse and vermicompost have promising impact on seed germination, reduction of percent damping off and growth of potato and chilli seedlings when applying along with T. harzianum. Keywords: Damping off; potato; chilli; Trichoderma harzianum; soil amendment DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9485 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&2): 106-116

scholarly journals Seed Treatment with Phosphonate (AG3) Suppresses Pythium Damping-off of Cucumber Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Abbasi ◽  
G. Lazarovits
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Muck Soil ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Loam Soil

A formulation of phosphonate (AG3) was tested as a seed treatment for the control of Pythium damping-off of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants under controlled environment and field conditions. Cucumber seed were treated by soaking for 10 min in phosphonate solution. They were then planted into peat-based mix or sandy-loam soil mixed with Pythium aphanidermatum or P. ultimum inoculum or into muck soil naturally infested with P. irregulare, P. ultimum, and other Pythium spp. Under growth-room conditions, phosphonate seed treatment provided more than 80% control of damping-off in all infested substrates tested. Effective disease control was obtained even when treated seed were stored for 5 weeks and up to 18 months prior to planting. In microplots containing naturally infested muck soil, phosphonate seed treatment decreased the percentage of diseased cucumber plants and increased total fresh weights compared with untreated seed and phosphonate post-planting drench. In field-plot tests 6 weeks after planting treated seed in Pythium-infested muck soil, cucumber stands were 63% compared with 18% in the control, which had no phosphonate exposure, and 53% in the post-planting drench. Tests for potential phytotoxicity in the greenhouse showed that radish and bok choy germination was reduced by phosphonate treatment but corn, cucumber, soybean, sugar beet, tomato, and wheat were not affected. Phosphonate seed treatment is a cost-effective way of protecting cucumber plants from Pythium damping-off.

scholarly journals Fungicide Seed Treatment Effects on Seedling Damping-off of Pumpkin Caused by Phytophthora capsici

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Babadoost ◽  
S. Z. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Damping Off

Apron XL LS (mefenoxam) and Allegiance FL (metalaxyl) were highly inhibitory to growth of mycelium of Phytophthora capsici in vitro. Effective dose (ED50) of mefenoxam and metalaxyl for 50% inhibition of mycelial growth, for all five isolates of P. capsici tested, was 0.98 and 0.99 μg a.i./ml of culture medium, respectively. For mefenoxam at 200 μg a.i./ml, sporangium and zoospore germination were reduced by 92 and 96%, respectively, and 21 and 24%, respectively, for metalaxyl. In greenhouse studies, seed treatment with mefenoxam (0.42 ml of Apron XL LS/kg of seed) and metalaxyl (0.98 ml of Allegiance FL/kg of seed) significantly reduced pre- and post-emergence damping-off of seedlings caused by P. capsici in three pumpkin cultivars (Dickinson, Hybrid-401, and Hybrid-698) tested. Thirty-one days after seeding, at inoculum levels of 0, 90, 600, 1,400, and 4,000 CFU/g of soil, the average seedling stands for mefenoxam treatment were 98.4, 93.8, 88.3, 77.8, and 64.8%; for metalaxyl, 99.1, 85.3, 85.8, 73.5, and 59.3; and for the untreated control, 97.5, 55.2, 45.7, 37.0, and 22.9%, respectively. In field trials, the average seedling stands 35 days after seeding were 76.7, 74.7, and 44.9% for mefenoxam, metalaxyl, and untreated control, respectively. Seed treatment with mefenoxam or metalaxyl did not have any significant effect on either seed germination or seedling vigor.

scholarly journals Reduction in Snap Bean Emergence by Seed Treatment with Dried Canola Residue

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Plant Basis

Emergence of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in field soil in 1995 to 1997 was reduced by the addition of dried, ground canola [Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera (Metzg.) Sinsk. f. biennis] leaves and petioles to the furrow at planting. Soil amendment with the tissue increased the number of nodules on bean roots in all years. In plots with reduced stand, leaf area was increased and yield on a per-plant basis was larger than in plots with a better stand. Total yield was increased in plots with fewer plants only in 1995. Frequency of isolation of fungi that cause damping-off was not affected by the addition of canola at planting. When used as a seed treatment and incorporated at planting, canola residues were detrimental to emergence of snap bean.

scholarly journals Increasing Quality Transplants through the Use of Microbial and Soil Amendments against Damping-Off Disease in Onion

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Constancia Dacumos ◽  
◽  
Marilyn Patricio ◽  
Rovel Melegrito ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Goat Manure

The study was undertaken to identify best microbial and soil amendment in seedbeds that yielded quality transplants and to determine the effect of microbial and soil amendments in the seedling production.The following treatments were evaluated: T1 - Bacillus subtilis at 25 g; T2 - Trichoderma spp. (Asperellum and longibrachiatum) at 25 g; T3 – Vermicompost at 1.0 kg; T4 - Composted goat manure at 1.0 kg; T5 - Mancozeb M-45 at 10 g and T6 – Untreated (no application). The trial was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Observations were done at 10 DAS for % seed germination, 16 DAS and 25 DAS for % damping off, % seedling survival at 30 DAS, seedling height, root length and fresh weight of seedlings at pulling stage (35 DAS). The result of the study showed Red Pinoy onion variety has the lowest percentage of dumping off disease from the application of Vermicompost at 16 DAS and 25 DAS. Highest percent seed germination at 10 DAS, highest percent seedling survival at 30 DAS, tallest seedlings and heaviest weight of seedlings were produced by the application of composted goat manure. For Yellow Granex onion variety, Trichoderma spp. obtained lower percentage of dumping off at 25 DAS statistically similar to the effect of standard control Mancozeb M-45. Composted goat manure produced highest percent seed germination and Vermicompost obtained higher percent seedling survival comparable to the standard control Mancozeb M-45. Results obtained showed a significant (P=0.05) effect on the treatments on the different characters measured. Based on result, application of all treatments have shown fungal activity that promoted better growth and quality of onion seedlings for transplant.

Management of Root Rot (Rhizoctonia solani) of Mothbean through Bio-Agents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Godara ◽  
Narendra . Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Application

Root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is an important disease of mothbean, under severe infestation it causes 58-68 % losses in grain yield. Three-year field experiments were conducted in hot arid conditions at Bikaner, Rajasthan during kharif seasons with the objective to find out suitable eco-friendly management strategies for root rot. The experiment was conducted on cv. RMO-225 with six different combination of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens bio- agents viz, seed treatment, soil treatment and their combinations against the root rot disease and compared with an untreated control. Results of experiment showed that all the treatments brought significant decline in disease incidence and consequently enhancement of grain yield compared to control. The treatment having combination of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens seed treatment (4+4 g/kg seed) + soil application of T. harzianum + P. fluorescens (1.25 +1.25 kg in 50 kg FYM for each/ha) had minimum (21.78 %) root rot incidence, highest grain yield (10.56 q /ha) and net return (Rs. 14,338/ha). The T. harzianum seed treatment 8 g/kg seed + soil application of T. harzianum 2.5kg in 100 kg FYM/ha was the next best treatment with 25.56 per cent disease incidence and 9.42 q/ha of grain yield. These treatments can provide an effective, economical and eco- friendly management of root rot of mothbean for cultivators.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microbial, Botanical, and Organic Treatments for Control of Peanut Seedling Diseases

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Ruark ◽  
B. B. Shew
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Untreated Seed

Diseases affecting stand establishment are a major obstacle to organic production of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Stand losses of 50% or more are possible with untreated seed. Biological, botanical, and organic seed treatments or soil amendments were tested for efficacy against pre- and postemergence damping-off of peanut in greenhouse, microplot, and field plot trials. Seed of the lines Perry, GP-NC 343, and Bailey (tested as N03081T) were used in all trials. Commercial formulations of Bacillus subtilis (Kodiak), B. pumilus (Yield Shield), Trichoderma harzianum (T-22 PB and Plantshield HC), Muscodor albus, and Coniothyrium minitans (Contans); activated charcoal; two separate soil amendments of dried herbage of Monarda didyma cultivars; a commercial fungicide control (Vitavax PC); and an untreated control were tested in natural soil in the greenhouse. Vitavax PC and Kodiak were the only treatments that resulted in higher percent emergence and survival than in untreated seed. A separate greenhouse experiment was conducted in natural soil or natural soil infested with field isolates of Aspergillus niger. Seed were treated with Kodiak, copper hydroxide (Champion), Plantshield HC, Kodiak + Plantshield HC, Streptomyces griseoviridis (Mycostop), hot water, Vitavax PC, or were left untreated. Seedling emergence and survival was much lower in infested versus uninfested soil. Seed treatment with Kodiak increased percent emergence and survival compared to untreated seed, but was not as effective as Vitavax PC. Field microplot studies in 2007 and 2008 at Clayton, NC, evaluated four seed treatments on the peanut lines following small grain cover crops, soil amendment with M. albus, or no cover. Cover crops did not affect emergence or interact with seed treatments. In field studies in 2007 and 2008 at Lewiston, NC, the peanut lines were planted with M. albus infurrow, with Kodiak or T. harzianum seed treatments, or were untreated. In the 2007 trial, none of the treatments improved stands compared to the untreated check. In 2008, the highest stand counts were produced by seed treated with Kodiak. In both years, Bailey produced the greatest stand counts. A. niger was strongly associated with postemergence damping-off in the field. Regardless of peanut line, in many trials, Kodiak seed treatment increased emergence and survival over untreated seed.

scholarly journals Participatory Black Scurf Disease Management on Potato in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddhi P. Sharma ◽  
Ram B. KC
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Black Scurf ◽  
Soil Sterilization ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Infested Field

A farmer's participatory field experiment was accomplished during three consecutive years  (2003-2005) for the sustainable management of black scurf disease of potato at Mainapokhar, Bardiya, Nepal. A heavily infested field with Rhizoctonia solani was selected prior to experimentation. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The efficacy of two concentrations (2% and 3%) of boric acid and 0.15% of Thiophanate Methyl were tested for disease control through seed treatment. An antagonistic fungus Trichoderma harzianum was used as seed and soil treatment. As per treatment plan some plots were sterilized with formaldehyde 1% prior to planting. The plots having healthy seed (pre-basic seed) planted in sterilized plots showed minimum disease(6.8%) followed by 3% boric acid treated seed planted in sterilized plots (10.8%) and 2%  boric acid without soil sterilization (13.1%) and seed and soil treated plot with T. harzianum (17.1%). Farmers did not accept treatments connected with soil sterilization by Formalin. After analyzing the overall results of three years experiment farmers choose seed treatment with 2% boric acid prior to planting and identified application of Trichoderma harzianum for black scurf management as second option.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 56-62DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11581

scholarly journals Association of Phomopsis vexans with Eggplant (Solanum melongena) Seeds, Seedlings and its Management

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
MB Meah
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Phomopsis Vexans ◽  
Healthy Seed ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Incidence of Phomopsis vexans on farmers’ eggplant seeds collected from different areas of Bangladesh varied from 0.0 to 7.5%. The highest incidence of P. vexans (7.50 %) was recorded in cultivar Dohazari and Rupgonj L collected from Chandanish and Rupgonj, respectively. No incidence of P. vexans was observed in the cultivar Katabegun and Jessore-L collected from Pabna and Monirampur, respectively. Very low seed infection was recorded in the cultivar Shingnath, Bijoy, Ishurdi-Land Longla-long collected respectively from Chandina, Modhukhali, Ishurdi and Kulaura. Seeds collected from HRC of BARI had higher seed infection by P. vexans. Seed selection had a significant impact on the incidence of P. vexans. Use of apparently healthy seed was found effective in controlling damping off, tipover and seedling blight of eggplant. The least incidence of P. vexans (1.25%) and the highest germination (86.75%) were recorded in apparently healthy seed as against 6.5% seed infection and 60% seed germination recorded in farmer’s seed. In the net house, the least incidence of damping off, tipover and seedling blight were recorded in case of apparently healthy seed. Seed treatment with hot water (56 °C for 15 minutes), garlic (Allium cepa L) bulb extract and Allamanda (Allamanda cathertica L) leaf extract, Trichoderma harzianum CP, Trichoderma harzianum T22 and Bavistin were found promising in controlling seedling diseases in the nursery and in increasing the seed germination. Combinations of apparently healthy seed (T2), treated with garlic bulb extract (T3) and soil treated with T. harzianum CP (T11) completely controlled damping off, tipover and seedling blight in the nursery bed and increased seed germination by 48.83% over control. Keywords: Eggplant; incidence; seed; seedling; disease; Phomopsis vexans; management DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9474 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&2): 8-17

Efficacy of bioagents, biofertilizers and soil amendments to manage root rot in greengram

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monali A. Deshmukh ◽  
R. M. Gade ◽  
Y. K. Belkar ◽  
Mina D. Koche
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Rhizobium Phaseoli ◽  
Rhizoctonia Bataticola

The potential of soil amendaments, bioagents and biofertilizers was evaluated for management of root rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Rhizoctonia bataticola). Bioagents and biofertilizers i.e.Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and Rhizobium phaseoli exhibited significant inhibition of Rhizoctonia bataticola. Maximum inhibition was achieved by Trichoderma harzianum i.e. 80.5%. Compatibility amongst bioagents and biofertilizers were tested in vitro. Amongst them Trichoderma harzianum and Rhizobium phaseoli were found compatible to each other. In green house, seed treatment with the bioagents and biofertilizers and also application of soil amendments recorded good number of nodules. Application of FYM and seed treatment with R. phaseoli at 25 g/kg + P. fluorescens at 10 g/kg recorded maximum number of nodules (15.3). Different seed treatments with soil amendments were used for controlling root rot incidence. Among them (T6) FYM with seed treatment of T. harzianum 4 g/kg seed + PSB at 25 g/kg seed recorded the lowest root rot incidence (26.0%) followed by (T3) R. phaseoli at 25 g/kg seed + P. fluorescens at 10 g/kg seed which recorded 32.0% root rot incidence whereas, maximum incidence of the disease was recorded in the control (83.3%).

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