Antimicrobial activities of different parts of two geographically distinct varieties of Jatropha curcas Linn. fruit in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Abdul Haq ◽  
Alam Khan ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali Malik ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmed ◽  
Samiullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Subtilis Atcc ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc

Antimicrobial activities of deoiled seed kernel (mechanically pressed), fruit coat and seed coat of Jatropha curcas Linn. collected from two regions (Bannu and Peshawar) of Pakistan were investigated. The antimicrobial activities were carried out against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 43816), Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) and two clinical fungal isolates Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion method. The antibacterial activities of Peshawar sample were found to be higher than Bannu, against selected strains. While antifungal activities of both samples were similar. Highest zone of inhibition 31.5 ± 0.7 mm was exhibited by n-hexane extract of deoiled seed kernel of Peshawar sample against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633). The minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanolic extracts of deoiled seed kernel and seed coat of Peshawar sample was 31.25 - 25 mg/ml. Whereas, minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanolic and n-hexane extracts of Bannu sample was 62.5 - 125 mg/ml. The results suggested that antimicrobial potential of J. curcas Linn. varied with geographical distribution. The investigation of different varieties of medicinal plants belonging to the same species will greatly enhance the chances of best pharmaceuticals discovery. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 219-226, 2021 (June)

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND IN-VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF POLYALTHIA STENOPETALA ESSENTIAL OIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Izzatie Munira Kamaruddin ◽  
Nor Azah Mohamad Ali ◽  
Muhd Fauzi Safian ◽  
Zaidah Zainal Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Subtilis Atcc ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc

Polyalthia stenopetala essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation from the leaves and were analyzed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system. Thirty one compounds were identified from the analysis. The most abundant components in the leaves oil are curzerene (37.56%) followed by viridiflorol (11.59%), germacrene B (3.77%) and aromadendrene (4.01%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil essential oils was determined with disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Four bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) Psedomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) and two yeasts, Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 4098) were selected. The crude oil shows the most reactivity against B. subtilis (ATCC 6633) and C. albicans (ATCC 10231) with an inhibitory zone of 11mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of sample against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) Psedomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) in range of 0.5 mg/ml – 1.0 mg/ml which can categorized as strong.

scholarly journals In VitroAntimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil ofThymus schimperi,Matricaria chamomilla,Eucalyptus globulus, andRosmarinus officinalis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awol Mekonnen ◽  
Berhanu Yitayew ◽  
Alemnesh Tesema ◽  
Solomon Taddese
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Drug Preparation ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

In this study, thein vitroantimicrobial activities of four plant essential oils (T. schimperi,E. globulus,R. officinalis, andM. Chamomilla) were evaluated against bacteria and fungi. The studies were carried out using agar diffusion method for screening the most effective essential oils and agar dilution to determine minimum inhibitory concentration of the essential oils. Results of this study revealed that essential oils ofT. schimperi,E. globulus, andR. officinaliswere active against bacteria and some fungi. The antimicrobial effect ofM. chamomillawas found to be weaker and did not show any antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration values ofT. schimperiwere<15.75 mg/mL for most of the bacteria and fungi used in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of the other essential oils were in the range of 15.75–36.33 mg/mL against tested bacteria. This study highlighted the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil ofE. globulus,M. chamomilla,T. Schimperi, andR. officinalis. The results indicated thatT. schimperihave shown strong antimicrobial activity which could be potential candidates for preparation of antimicrobial drug preparation.

scholarly journals In-vitro Screening of Antimicrobial Activities of Ocimum gratissimum on Clinical Isolates

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ifeanyi Onyema Oshim ◽  
Evelyn Ukamaka Urama ◽  
Oluwayemisi Odeyemi ◽  
Augustina Nkechi Olise ◽  
Sunday Odeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum

This study was undertaken to evaluate  the antimicrobial activities of crude  ethanol and methanol extracts of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum L. (scent leaf) on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella  pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus auerus and Candida albicans.The antimicrobial activities were carried out using  agar well diffusion method. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) of the plant extracts on the test isolates were determined by the agar dilution method. Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole (positive controls) were used in comparison with crude extract of O. gratissimum leaves and also, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the negative control. The ethanolic extract of O. gratissimum showed antibacterial activity with the mean inhibitory zone diameter of 3 -7mm against S. auerus, 2 mm against E. coli, 2 – 12 mm against K. pneumoniae, 2 mm against P.aeruginosa. Ethanol and methanol crude extracts of O. gratissimum leaves   showed no effect on   C.albicans. O. gratissimum extracts showed the lower   antimicrobial activity than the commercially available antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and fluconazole). The minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of the extracts on the test organisms also increased in the following order; methanol < ethanol. Hence, this   extract could   only serve   as antibacterial agent in the management of bacterial infection because it has no antifungal activities on Candida isolates used in this study.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Property of Extract of Erveniastrum nepalense (Edible Lichen) Collected from Hilly Regions of Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Saraswati Yonghang ◽  
Suman Rai ◽  
Shiv Nandan Sah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Objectives: To evaluate the antibacterial property of Everniastrum nepalense(edible lichen)collected from eastern part of Nepal and determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of lichen extract. Methods: Everniastrum nepalense was collected from local Rai and Limbu community in a plastic bag from four hilly districts (Pachthar, Taplejung, Dhankuta and Bhojpur) of Eastern, NepaMoisture content in lichen samples were removed by air drying and grinded to powdery form. The methanolic extracts of lichens of different places were prepared by solvent extraction process using Soxhlet apparatus and tested against human pathogenic bacteria by disc diffusion method. Then, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of lichen extracts was determined using well diffusion method. Results: The lichens extract against the test bacterial isolates were performed by agar well diffusion method. Overall, it was observed that all these lichen extracts from Eastern Nepal had inhibitory effect on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Out of seven bacterial samples used, all bacterial samples were inhibited by the lichen extracts except Escherichia coli. The effect of lichen extract collected from Bhojpur district had maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi and Klebsiella spp were found to be 13 mm, 14 mm and 14 mm respectively. Similarly, zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis was found to be 17 mm from samples of Dhankuta, which was highest value than other 3 districts viz; Bhojpur, Taplejung and Pachthar District. Likewise, Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed highest inhibition value i.e. 18 mm on Pachthar sample whereas, Shigella showed 15 mm on Dhankuta sample. This study revealed that inhibitory capacity of edible lichen (Everniastrum nepalense) against test bacteria was not the same. It varied from place to place. Conclusion: This study has concluded that Everniastrum nepalensehas potential antibacterial property against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, Klebsiella spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa except E. coli along with nutritional value and can be used as safe alternative and economic herbal medicine to treat infectious diseases.

scholarly journals New Antimalarial and Antimicrobial Tryptamine Derivatives from the Marine Sponge Fascaplysinopsis reticulata

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Eric Campos ◽  
Emmanuel Pichon ◽  
Céline Moriou ◽  
Patricia Clerc ◽  
Rozenn Trépos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
2D Nmr Spectra ◽  
Ic50 Values

Chemical study of the CH2Cl2-MeOH (1:1) extract of the sponge Fascaplysinopsis reticulata collected in Mayotte highlighted three new tryptophan derived alkaloids, 6,6′-bis-(debromo)-gelliusine F (1), 6-bromo-8,1′-dihydro-isoplysin A (2) and 5,6-dibromo-8,1′-dihydro-isoplysin A (3), along with the synthetically known 8-oxo-tryptamine (4) and the three known molecules from the same family, tryptamine (5), (E)-6-bromo-2′-demethyl-3′-N-methylaplysinopsin (6) and (Z)-6-bromo-2′-demethyl-3′-N-methylaplysinopsin (7). Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HRESIMS data. All compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and their antiplasmodial activities. Regarding antimicrobial activities, the best compounds are (2) and (3), with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.01 and 1 µg/mL, respectively, towards Vibrio natrigens, and (5), with MIC values of 1 µg/mL towards Vibrio carchariae. In addition the known 8-oxo-tryptamine (4) and the mixture of the (E)-6-bromo-2′-demethyl-3′-N-methylaplysinopsin (6) and (Z)-6-bromo-2′-demethyl-3′-N-methylaplysinopsin (7) showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 8.8 and 8.0 µg/mL, respectively.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION POTENTIAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL EXTRACTS FROM PHELLINUS LINTEUS AGAINST SKIN INFECTIOUS PATHOGENS, STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS ATCC12228 AND PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES DMST14916

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Surachai Techaoei ◽  
Pattaranut Eakwaropas ◽  
Khemjira Jarmkom ◽  
Warachate Khobjai
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phellinus Linteus ◽  
Chemical Profile

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Phellinus linteus against skin infectious pathogens, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 and Propionibacterium acnes DMST 14916.Methods: Fungal fruiting bodies were extracted with 95% ethanol and ethyl acetate, and then, vaporized. The antimicrobial activities were determined by the disc diffusion method against Propionibacterium acnes DMST 14916 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 skin infectious pathogens. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for those crude extracts were determined. Finally, the chemical profile of crude extract was determined by using thin layer chromatography and GC-MS.Results: The result demonstrated that the ethanolic extraction had more active fractions with an MIC of 0.5 mg/ml against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes DMST 14916 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 and also showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MBC) at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml, while ethyl acetate-based solvents failed to develop on TLC according to Retention factor (Rf) values of 0.71-0.76. The GC-MS was applied to investigate the chemical profile of crude extract of Phellinus linteus, revealing a component of hexadecanoic acid and 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid.Conclusion: Phellinus linteus fruiting body extracts have great potential as antimicrobial compounds against Propionibacterium acnes DMST 14916 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228. Thus, they can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens. 

scholarly journals Antibiogram signatures of non-cholera causing Vibrio species recovered from environmental niches in Eastern Cape, South Africa.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Victoria Ayodele ◽  
Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Vibrio Fluvialis

Abstract Background: The use of antibiotics globally has helped reduce mortality and morbidity rate due to its ability to effectively treat bacterial infections in both humans and animals. However, the menace of antimicrobial resistance has become a challenge to public health due to its increased mortality and morbidity rate. This study determined the antibiogram pattern of non-cholera causing Vibrio species against a panel of 11 antibiotics that are wildly used for treatment. Multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype, multiple antibiotic resistant indices and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of test antibiotics were also determined.Results: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm 100 isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 82 and 46 isolates of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio fluvialis respectively, collected from the culture collections of the Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare. Thereafter, disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibiogram pattern of target non-cholera causing Vibrio species against a panel of 11 antibiotics that are of clinical importance. The highest rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus resistance was observed against tetracycline (22 %) and nalidixic acid (16 %). Vibrio fluvialis also displayed highest rate of resistance against tetracycline (28 %) and nalidixic acid (28 %), while Vibrio vulnificus isolates exhibited highest rate resistance against imipenem (40 %) and tetracycline (22 %). A total of 38 MARP patterns were observed and the MAR indices ranged between 0.3 and 0.8. Against the resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio fluvialis isolates, minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 16 µg/ml to 2048 µg/ml for both tetracycline and nalidixic acid, while against Vibrio vulnificus isolates, minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 8 µg/ml to 256 µg/ml for both imipenem and nalidixic acid. Conclusions: Results obtained from this study is an indication that antibiotic resistant bacteria that could pose as threat to health of humans and animals are present in the environment.

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