scholarly journals STRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION POTENTIAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL EXTRACTS FROM PHELLINUS LINTEUS AGAINST SKIN INFECTIOUS PATHOGENS, STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS ATCC12228 AND PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES DMST14916

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Surachai Techaoei ◽  
Pattaranut Eakwaropas ◽  
Khemjira Jarmkom ◽  
Warachate Khobjai
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phellinus Linteus ◽  
Chemical Profile

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Phellinus linteus against skin infectious pathogens, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 and Propionibacterium acnes DMST 14916.Methods: Fungal fruiting bodies were extracted with 95% ethanol and ethyl acetate, and then, vaporized. The antimicrobial activities were determined by the disc diffusion method against Propionibacterium acnes DMST 14916 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 skin infectious pathogens. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for those crude extracts were determined. Finally, the chemical profile of crude extract was determined by using thin layer chromatography and GC-MS.Results: The result demonstrated that the ethanolic extraction had more active fractions with an MIC of 0.5 mg/ml against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes DMST 14916 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 and also showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MBC) at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml, while ethyl acetate-based solvents failed to develop on TLC according to Retention factor (Rf) values of 0.71-0.76. The GC-MS was applied to investigate the chemical profile of crude extract of Phellinus linteus, revealing a component of hexadecanoic acid and 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid.Conclusion: Phellinus linteus fruiting body extracts have great potential as antimicrobial compounds against Propionibacterium acnes DMST 14916 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228. Thus, they can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens. 

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS SEDIAAN GEL KUERSETIN TERHADAP Staphylococcus Epidermidis

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Rina Apriana Herslambang ◽  
Dina Rahmawanty ◽  
Mia Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method

Acne is the abnormality production of sebum in the sebaceous glands which are usually caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus epidermidis one of bacterial that caused acne. Quercetin have a phenolic compound that can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis at 0.05% w/w. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of quercetin gel. HPMC was used as gel base. The concentrations of quercetin that was added to gel were 0.05% w/w, 0.15% w/w, and 0.25% w/w. The antibacterial activity of the gels was determined using agar diffusion method. The results showed that the inhibition zone on the F1, F2, and F3 were 7.83 mm , 6.53 mm , 4.56 mm and the result showed that quercetin gels significantly effected the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis (p<0,05). The minimum inhibitory concentration of quercetin gel was 0,05% w/w with inhibition zone of 7.83 mm.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FRUIT BANANA STONE AND MECHANISM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Panal Sitorus ◽  
Dwi Suryanto, Hepni
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Cellular Metabolite ◽  
Cell Leakage

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the strength of antibacterial activity of the fraction of banana stone and its mechanism.Methods: The antibacterial activity test was performed using the diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the clear zone around the disc paper.Results: The results of antibacterial activity test showed that ethyl acetate fraction was more effective against bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes compared to n-hexane fraction.Conclusion: The resulting cellular metabolite leak showed that cell leakage in the three bacteria due to ethyl acetate fraction had leaked more protein than nucleic acid, while the leakage of more dissolved K+ ion than Ca2 + ions.

scholarly journals Pharmacological and Phytochemical Screenings of Ethanol Extract of Etlingera linguiformis (Roxb.) R.M.Sm. Growing in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Arafat Hossan ◽  
Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Md Qamrul Ahsan ◽  
Fahima Aktar ◽  
Md Ruhul Kuddus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Blastomyces Dermatitidis ◽  
Activity Test

The present study was conducted to investigate the bio-activities of ethanol extract of Etlingera linguiformis (Roxb.) R.M.Sm. as well as to determine the chemical profiles of the extract. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the crude extract were evaluated by the disc diffusion method against 4 Gram positive and 7 Gram negative pathogenic bacteria and 7 fungi using Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole as standards, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the serial dilution method. The anti-atherothrombosis activity was assessed by using Streptokinase (SK) as standard. Moreover, the in-vitro anti-inflammatory and membrane stablization tests were performed. In the anti-bacterial and antifungal activity test, the zones of inhibition were found within the range of 10.0-15.0 and 10.0-22.0 mm, respectively. The highest zone of inhibition was obtained against Bacillus cereus (15.0 mm) and Blastomyces dermatitidis (22.0 mm). In the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test the crude extract inhibited the growth of Blastomyces dermatitidis significantly at 31.2 ?g/ml. In the anti-atherothrombosis activity test, the extract revealed moderate clot lysis by 15.15%. Moreover, the extract produced inhibition of protein denaturation and haemolysis by 34% and 38.98% in the in vitro antiinflammatory and membrane stablization tests. Preliminary phytochemical screenings of the crude extractives demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, steroids, tannins, reducing sugars and gums. The extract also exhibited good biological activities. Therefore, the plant should be subjected to systematic bioactivity guided isolation in order to obtain the active molecules. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v16i1.14488 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 16(1): 33-37, 2013

scholarly journals Antiacne-causing Bacteria, Antioxidant, Anti-Tyrosinase, Anti-Elastase and Anti-Collagenase Activities of Blend Essential Oil comprising Rose, Bergamot and Patchouli Oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300
Author(s):  
Nuntapol Wongsukkasem ◽  
Orawan Soynark ◽  
Montira Suthakitmanus ◽  
Emprang Chongdiloet ◽  
Chidchanok Chairattanapituk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Tyrosinase Inhibition

Blended essential oil comprising rose, bergamot and patchouli (RBP) oils with the volume ratio of 6:3:1, respectively have been tested for various biological activities. The blended oil showed antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.003125 %v/v and 0.125 %v/v, respectively. For antioxidant, blended oil showed the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 0.67 %v/v and 0.14 %v/v while tested with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulphonic acid) (ATBS) assays, respectively. Blended oil also has anti-tyrosinase activity with 45±4.6%tyrosinase inhibition at 4 mg/mL concentration using modified dopachrome method. However it has no activity on anti-collagenase and anti-elastase.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activities of Vernonia amygdalina Crude Extracts and Fractions against Strain1161, P37005 and RM1000

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
A. D. M. Owoyale ◽  
M. Galadimma ◽  
S. Y. Daniyan ◽  
N. Adabara
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Crude Extracts

This research study was focused in determining antifungal activities of the crude extracts and fractions of Vernonia amygdalina against strain 1161, P37005 and RM1000. Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted by the reflux extraction protocol which was done in a successive method. This study also analysed quantitatively the phytochemical that were present in the crude leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina. The study identified the presence of tannin, flavonoid, alkaloids, saponin and phenols. The three strains used in this study were tested for their susceptibility, However, activity of the crude extract was assayed at a varying concentration of 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/ml. The methanol leaf extract (MLE) at a concentration of 100mg/ml showed the highest zones of inhibition 15.33± 1.23 mm against strain 1161(isolate S5). The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration showed for active crude extracts were 12.5 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml presented for the n- hexane crude extract against strain 1161(IsolateS5). The value for the methanol crude extract were 12.5 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml against strain 1161 (Isolate: S5). Furthermore, the value of 12.5 mg/ml and 100mg/ml were showed for n- hexane crude extract against P37005 (isolate: B4) However, The antifungal activity of the fractions against the strains were determined at a concentrations of 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml. The various fractions of Vernonia amygdalina showed inhibitory activity against all the strains.16.00± 0.0mm was the highest value that was presented for n-hexane fraction of Vernonia amygalina against strain 1161 and P37005. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for active fractions (F1) are 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml showed for n- hexane fraction of Vernonia amygdalina against strain P37005(Isolate:B4). The value of 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml were showed for n- hexane fraction (F4) of Vernonia amygdalina against strain 1161 (isolate: S5). Fraction (F4) showed 3.125 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml against strain P37005 (isolate: B4). The methanol fraction (F1) showed values of 3.125 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml respectively against strain RM1000(isolate B2). Fraction F6 had values of 3.125 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml against strain P37005 (isolate: B4). It can be deduced from this study that the n- hexane and methanol crude extracts showed a significant result than the ethyl acetate crude extracts. Furthermore, there was inhibitory activity for the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions against all the tested strains.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity Test of Extracts and Fractions of Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes Causing Acne

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Resmi Mustarichie ◽  
Sulistiyaningsih Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Dudi Runadi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

This study is aimed at determining antibacterial activity from ethanol extracts and the most active fraction of cassava leaves against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Research carried out by the experimental method involved determination of plants, extraction with maceration method, fractionation with liquid-liquid extraction, antibacterial activity testing of extracts and fractions by agar diffusion method, determination of most active fraction from the extract, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) testing of most active fraction by microdilution method. The results showed that ethanol extracts of cassava leaves had antibacterial activity against both bacteria with the most active fraction indicated by ethyl acetate. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis were in the concentration range of 2.5%–5.0% (w/v) and against P. acnes were in the concentration range of 1.25%–2.5% (w/v). The MBC value of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis was at a concentration of 5% (w/v), while P. acnes was at a concentration of 2.5% (w/v). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as on Propionibacterium acnes. The fraction with the best activity from the ethanol extract of cassava leaves to the two test bacteria was shown by ethyl acetate fraction. It is suggested that cassava leaves are possible to be developed into standardized antiacne herbal.

Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa blimbi L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Zarwinda ◽  
Fauziah Fauziah ◽  
Shara Shevalinda ◽  
Dwi Putri Rejeki
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Training And Education

Startfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) is one the kind of plant that is widely used as a traditional herbal medicineto overcome various diseases i.e. diabetes mellitus, cough, rheumatism, thrush, diabetes, toothache, acne, etc. The secondary metabolites of the starfruit leaves contain flavonoids and tannins, whereby these activecompounds can be used as an antibacterial. This study aimed to determine the inhibiting power of starfruit leaf ethanol extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The research was conducted at the  AKAFARMA Laboratory and the Chemistry Laboratory , Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Syiah Kuala University from June to July 2020. The research method was laboratory experimental using the disk diffusion method. The population of starfruit leaves was obtained from Lhokseumawe  using a purposive sampling technique. Ethanol extract of starfruit leaves with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The diameter of the inhibition zone of the ethanol extract  from the starfruit leaves at  concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% were 15 mm, 12 mm, 11 mm and 10 mm, respectively. It can be concluded that  ethanol extract of starfruit leaves can inhibit the growth  of  Staphylococcus  epidermidis  with  a  maximum inhibitory concentration  of  100%,  which is classified  as a strong category.

Antimicrobial activities of different parts of two geographically distinct varieties of Jatropha curcas Linn. fruit in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Abdul Haq ◽  
Alam Khan ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali Malik ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmed ◽  
Samiullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Subtilis Atcc ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc

Antimicrobial activities of deoiled seed kernel (mechanically pressed), fruit coat and seed coat of Jatropha curcas Linn. collected from two regions (Bannu and Peshawar) of Pakistan were investigated. The antimicrobial activities were carried out against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 43816), Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) and two clinical fungal isolates Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion method. The antibacterial activities of Peshawar sample were found to be higher than Bannu, against selected strains. While antifungal activities of both samples were similar. Highest zone of inhibition 31.5 ± 0.7 mm was exhibited by n-hexane extract of deoiled seed kernel of Peshawar sample against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633). The minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanolic extracts of deoiled seed kernel and seed coat of Peshawar sample was 31.25 - 25 mg/ml. Whereas, minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanolic and n-hexane extracts of Bannu sample was 62.5 - 125 mg/ml. The results suggested that antimicrobial potential of J. curcas Linn. varied with geographical distribution. The investigation of different varieties of medicinal plants belonging to the same species will greatly enhance the chances of best pharmaceuticals discovery. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 219-226, 2021 (June)

scholarly journals Antibiogram signatures of non-cholera causing Vibrio species recovered from environmental niches in Eastern Cape, South Africa.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Victoria Ayodele ◽  
Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Vibrio Fluvialis

Abstract Background: The use of antibiotics globally has helped reduce mortality and morbidity rate due to its ability to effectively treat bacterial infections in both humans and animals. However, the menace of antimicrobial resistance has become a challenge to public health due to its increased mortality and morbidity rate. This study determined the antibiogram pattern of non-cholera causing Vibrio species against a panel of 11 antibiotics that are wildly used for treatment. Multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype, multiple antibiotic resistant indices and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of test antibiotics were also determined.Results: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm 100 isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 82 and 46 isolates of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio fluvialis respectively, collected from the culture collections of the Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare. Thereafter, disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibiogram pattern of target non-cholera causing Vibrio species against a panel of 11 antibiotics that are of clinical importance. The highest rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus resistance was observed against tetracycline (22 %) and nalidixic acid (16 %). Vibrio fluvialis also displayed highest rate of resistance against tetracycline (28 %) and nalidixic acid (28 %), while Vibrio vulnificus isolates exhibited highest rate resistance against imipenem (40 %) and tetracycline (22 %). A total of 38 MARP patterns were observed and the MAR indices ranged between 0.3 and 0.8. Against the resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio fluvialis isolates, minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 16 µg/ml to 2048 µg/ml for both tetracycline and nalidixic acid, while against Vibrio vulnificus isolates, minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 8 µg/ml to 256 µg/ml for both imipenem and nalidixic acid. Conclusions: Results obtained from this study is an indication that antibiotic resistant bacteria that could pose as threat to health of humans and animals are present in the environment.

scholarly journals Study and evaluation of antimicrobial activity and antioxidant capacity of dry extract and fractions of leaves of Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzg.

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia da Silva ◽  
Marisa de Oliveira Lopes ◽  
Cláudio Daniel Cerdeira ◽  
Ingridy Simone Ribeiro ◽  
Isael Aparecido Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

The radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a vegetable of the Brassicaceae family cultivated worldwide and has several medicinal properties. Its biological activities are related to various secondary metabolites present in the species, especially phenolics. Thus, the objectives of this study were the chemical analysis and evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the dry extract and fractions of the fodder turnip leaves (R. sativus var. oleiferus Metzg.). Samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and the reducing power method. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar diffusion and microdilution methods. The total phenols were concentrated in the butanol fraction (121.27 mg GAE/g) and the flavonoids were concentrated in the ethyl acetate fraction (98.02 mg EQ/g). The ethyl acetate fraction showed the best antioxidants results, with 83.45% of free radical scavenging and 11.34% of ferric ions reduction. The analysis of antimicrobial activity showed that the dry extract had the highest average zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis (18.67 mm). Smaller values of the minimum inhibitory concentration for Micrococcus luteus were, and the ethyl acetate fraction showed a lower minimum inhibitory concentration (0.1 mg/ml) for that microorganism. There was a strong correlation between the antioxidant activity and the content of phenols and flavonoids. The results showed the potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of this extract with the ethyl acetate fraction being most promising for further studies.

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